The Relationship between Psychological Vulnerability,Aging Attitudes and Life Meaning in Elderly Patients with Comorbidities

Background:With the rapid aging of China’s population and the increasing prevalence of comorbidities in the elderly,psychological crises have become more common.This study aims to investigate the present status of psychological vulnerability,aging attitudes,and life meaning in elderly patients with comorbidities.Methods:A total of 685 elderly inpatients and outpatients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between July and December 2022 were selected using the simple random sampling method.Social demographic data were collected,and the Attitudes to aging Questionnaire(AAQ),the Chinese Life Meaning Questionnaire(C-MLQ),and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale(C-PVS)were used for the analysis.A total of 685 questionnaires were received,and 602 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 87.88%.Data analysis was performed using SPSS V25.0 and AMOS V24.0.Results:The total scores of psychological vulnerability,aging attitudes,and life meaning were 69.4±12.8,80.2±13.5 and 39.2±8.3,respectively.The psychological vulnerability was significantly negatively correlated with life meaning and aging attitudes(r=-0.351,-0.264;p<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between aging attitudes and life meaning(r=0.515;p<0.01).Life meaning played a partial mediating role between psychological vulnerability and aging attitudes(β=3.070,p<0.05).Conclusion:This study found that the psychological vulnerability in elderly patients with comorbidities was at the lower level,which was related to the elderly patients’aging attitudes and their current status of life meaning.The level of psychological vulnerability in elderly patients with senile-related comorbidities needs to be further improved.Medical workers should pay attention to the psychological vulnerability of elderly patients and improve the identification of psychological crises of such patients.

THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ICAI COGNITIVE MODEL BASED ON MEANING

Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.

On the Meaning of the Number SEVEN in the Eastern and Western Culture

This paper interprets the connotation,denotation and the symbolic meaning of SEVEN from the perspective of semiotics.The number SEVEN means samsara,destiny,reincarnation,the ending and a brand new beginning,satisfaction after a lot of suffering in the East.While,in the West,besides these,it refers to the magic and holy power of the God,mystery,completeness and perfection,occult,happiness and luck.

Meaning and the Theory of Speech Acts

According to J.L.Austin and J.R.Searle Speech Act Theory,many actions can actually be performed with words that is to say an important part of the meaning of an utterance is what that utterance does.Language is not only used to inform or describe things,it is often used to "do things".The utterances are of three kinds of acts:Locutionary Act,Illocutionary Act,and Perlocutionary Act which are performed simultaneously.Through the study,we see that speech can be far beyond the level of language system.

On the priority of salient meanings in English idioms understanding

Giora proposed that general principle of salience： salient comprehension of figurative and meanings are processed first and literal language be governed by a more meaning salience determines the type of processing invoked. According to the Graded Salience Hypothesis, processing familiar metaphors should involve the activation of both their metaphoric and literal meanings, regardless of the type of context in which they are embedded. Processing less familiar metaphors should activate the literal meaning in both types of contexts; however, in the literally biased context, it should be the only one activated. Processing familiar idioms in context biased towards the idiomatic meaning should evoke their figurative meaning almost exclusively, because their figurative meaning is much more salient than their literal meaning. However, processing less familiar idioms in an idiomatic context should activate both their literal and idiomatic meanings because both meanings enjoy similar salience status.

English Pronunciation Teaching at College with the Globalization and Nativization of English

Influenced by the trend of globalization and nativization of English,the dominant status of native speakers in English language teaching have been challenged. T he nativeness principle has been shifted to the intelligibility principle,w hich guides the selection of pronunciation models in the college English classrooms.Although it is still inappropriate to thoroughly abandon the native speaker model in a short time,teachers need to embrace the new paradigm of intelligibility and then to raise the learners' aw areness of their local value and w ider context.

The Impact of Cultural Context on Metaphorical Meaning in English and Chinese

Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use which is the most active and most able to reflect the cultural factor. Cultural context has a restrictive effect on the metaphorical meaning. Therefore, the understanding and use of metaphor must not be divorced from the underlying cultural context. This paper analyzes similarities and dissimilarities of metaphorical meaning and images in English and Chinese from the perspective of cultural context. The research of metaphor of cultural context would enable us to better understand metaphor and have a successful communication.

A Brief Analysis of The Holy Bible's Impact on the Connotative Meanings of Color Terms and their Applications in Literatures

The Holy Bible,as one of major sources of Western Culture,has a great influence on the Christian culture and Christian thoughts.Because language is a carrier of culture,the English study will be water without a source and a tree without roots if we ignore The Holy Bible which is the core of Christianity.To study English demands not only grammar and vocabulary,but also the culture behind the language.A brief analysis of connotative meanings of color terms,which are influenced by The Holy Bible and applied in literatures,will be given,in order to offer some help to English learners to know the connotations of color terms better,to understand literatures more profoundly and to have a general feeling about the impact which The Holy Bible has on language.

El Niño and the AMO Sparked the Astonishingly Large Margin of Warming in the Global Mean Surface Temperature in 2023

In 2023,the majority of the Earth witnessed its warmest boreal summer and autumn since 1850.Whether 2023 will indeed turn out to be the warmest year on record and what caused the astonishingly large margin of warming has become one of the hottest topics in the scientific community and is closely connected to the future development of human society.We analyzed the monthly varying global mean surface temperature(GMST)in 2023 and found that the globe,the land,and the oceans in 2023 all exhibit extraordinary warming,which is distinct from any previous year in recorded history.Based on the GMST statistical ensemble prediction model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,the GMST in 2023 is predicted to be 1.41℃±0.07℃,which will certainly surpass that in 2016 as the warmest year since 1850,and is approaching the 1.5℃ global warming threshold.Compared to 2022,the GMST in 2023 will increase by 0.24℃,with 88%of the increment contributed by the annual variability as mostly affected by El Niño.Moreover,the multidecadal variability related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)in 2023 also provided an important warming background for sparking the GMST rise.As a result,the GMST in 2023 is projected to be 1.15℃±0.07℃,with only a 0.02℃ increment,if the effects of natural variability—including El Niño and the AMO—are eliminated and only the global warming trend is considered.

The Differences of Pronunciation between American English and British English

This paper begins with a brief introduction to the two branches of the English language.Analyze the differences pronunciation between American English and British English,then demonstrates the reason why cause the different.Firstly,about four hundred years ago,people from Britain,German,France and many other parts of the world came into the U.S.They not only brought their rich cultures but also their languages too.Secondly,because of its territory expansion and economic development,American English become stronger.And then in different vowels and consonants analyze the differences of pronunciation between American English and British English,and set some examples.

On Cultural Differences between English and Chinese --From the Aspect of Seven Types of Meaning

This paper analyzes cultural differences of English and Chinese in terms of Seven Types of Meaning . It proceeds from the theory of Leech’s Seven Types of meaning , then comparatively illustrates with analysis of each type of meaning and cultural differences. And concludes with the cause of cultural differences and problems of it in cross-cultural communication with the hope that Chinese student could avoid Chinglish in learning and both Chinese and foreigners could avoid cultural shock when communicating with each other.

Meaning in life and well-being of older stroke survivors in Chinese communities: Mediating effects of mastery and self-esteem

The study aims to examine the role of mastery and self-esteem as a potential mediator of the relationship of meaning in life and well-being among older Chinese stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 214 community-dwelling older stroke survivors (128 men and 86 women), ranging from 60 years to 88 years old. The meaning in life, mastery, self-esteem and subjective well-being were measured. The results indicated that: 1) The meaning in life and subjective well-being of stroke survivors were significantly positive correlated;2) Mastery and self-esteem played partial mediating roles between existential vacuum and subjective well-being;Self-esteem played full a mediating role between suffer acceptance and subjective well-being;Mastery played a full mediating role between life control and subjective well-being;Mastery played a partial mediating role between death acceptance and subjective well-being;Self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between mastery and subjective well-being.

Study of the Magnetocaloric Effect in La0.5Sm0.2Sr0.3Mn1-xFexO3 (x = 0 and 0.05) Manganites with the Mean-Field Theory

In this paper, the magnetocaloric in La0.5Sm0.2Sr0.3Mn1-xFexO3 compounds with x = 0 (LSSMO) and x = 0.05 (LSSMFO) were simulated using mean field model theory. A strong consistency was observed between the theoretical and experimental curves of magnetizations and magnetic entropy changes, −ΔSM(T). Based on the mean-field generated −ΔSM(T), the substantial Temperature-averaged Entropy Change (TEC) values reinforce the appropriateness of these materials for use in magnetic refrigeration technology within TEC (10) values of 1 and 0.57 J∙kg−1∙K−1under 1 T applied magnetic field.

Exploring Phonetic Differences and Cross-Linguistic Influences: A Comparative Study of English and Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation Patterns

Exploring the differences in phonemes and cross-linguistic influences, particularly by comparing the pronunciation patterns of English and Mandarin, is crucial for language learners. Such comparative studies can help learners better understand and overcome the pronunciation difficulties encountered during second language acquisition. English and Mandarin have significant differences in their vowel and consonant systems, tones, intonation, and syllable structures. A deep understanding of these differences allows learners to engage in targeted pronunciation training, reducing accent interference. This research provides guidance for improving language teaching methods, enabling teachers to design more effective pronunciation strategies and exercises based on the students’ native language backgrounds, thus enhancing learning outcomes. Additionally, cross-linguistic studies aid in improving speech recognition and conversion technologies, achieving higher accuracy and naturalness in multilingual speech processing systems. From a cultural exchange perspective, understanding and respecting the phonetic characteristics of different languages help to enhance the effectiveness and mutual understanding in cross-cultural communication. The comparative study of English and Mandarin pronunciation patterns not only provides a theoretical foundation for language education and technological applications but also promotes effective communication in multilingual environments. This thesis uses a comparative research method to elucidate the study of English and Mandarin pronunciation patterns. It begins with an analysis of the characteristics and similarities of the pronunciation patterns in both languages. The thesis then examines the differences between English and Mandarin pronunciation patterns through four aspects: the number and complexity of vowel phonemes, types and distribution of consonant phonemes, tones and stress, and intonation and phonetic phenomena. Finally, based on the comparative analysis of the differences, the thesis offers targeted policy recommendations for learning English and Mandarin.

Geographic patterns and climatic drivers of the mean genus age of liverworts in North America

Phylogenetic niche conservatism posits that species tend to retain ancestral ecological traits and distributions,which has been broadly tested for lineages originating in tropical climates but has been rarely tested for lineages that originated and diversified in temperate climates.Liverworts are thought to originate in temperate climates.Mean lineage age reflects evolutionary history of biological communities.Here,using regional liverwort floras across a long latitudinal gradient from tropical to arctic climates in North America,we test the age-component of the temperate niche conservatism hypothesis.Mean genus age(MGA)was estimated for each of 76 regional floras of liverworts.We related MGA to climatic variables for North America as a whole and for its eastern and western parts separately,and used variation partitioning analysis to assess the relative importance of temperature-versus precipitationrelated variables and of climate extremes versus seasonality on MGA.We found that older genera of liverworts tend to concentrate in humid regions of intermediate temperatures in the range of 10℃-20℃,from which liverworts have adapted to and diversified into more arid,colder,and hotter regions,supporting the temperate niche conservatism hypothesis.We also found that across North America the MGA of liverwort assemblages is more strongly affected by precipitation-related variables than by temperature-related variables,and is more strongly affected by climate extremes than by climate seasonality.Geographic patterns of the MGA of liverworts are consistent with the temperate niche conservatism hypothesis,rather than the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis,the latter of which is broadly supported by angiosperms.

Analytical and NumericalMethods to Study the MFPT and SR of a Stochastic Tumor-Immune Model

The Mean First-Passage Time (MFPT) and Stochastic Resonance (SR) of a stochastic tumor-immune model withnoise perturbation are discussed in this paper. Firstly, considering environmental perturbation, Gaussian whitenoise and Gaussian colored noise are introduced into a tumor growth model under immune surveillance. Asfollows, the long-time evolution of the tumor characterized by the Stationary Probability Density (SPD) and MFPTis obtained in theory on the basis of the Approximated Fokker-Planck Equation (AFPE). Herein the recurrenceof the tumor from the extinction state to the tumor-present state is more concerned in this paper. A moreefficient algorithmof Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is utilized in order to testify the correction of thetheoretical SPDandMFPT.With the existence of aweak signal, the functional relationship between Signal-to-NoiseRatio (SNR), noise intensities and correlation time is also studied. Numerical results show that both multiplicativeGaussian colored noise and additive Gaussian white noise can promote the extinction of the tumors, and themultiplicative Gaussian colored noise can lead to the resonance-like peak on MFPT curves, while the increasingintensity of the additiveGaussian white noise results in theminimum of MFPT. In addition, the correlation timesare negatively correlated with MFPT. As for the SNR, we find the intensities of both the Gaussian white noise andthe Gaussian colored noise, as well as their correlation intensity can induce SR. Especially, SNR is monotonouslyincreased in the case ofGaussian white noisewith the change of the correlation time.At last, the optimal parametersin BPNN structure are analyzed for MFPT from three aspects: the penalty factors, the number of neural networklayers and the number of nodes in each layer.

The Evolution of Translation Standards From a Hermeneutic Perspective

Modern hermeneutics centers on the relationship between the“author,text,and reader”in interpretation.Various schools emphasize different aspects,shifting perspectives in translation studies from the author’s original intention to the reader’s experience,acknowledging translator subjectivity,and focusing on textual analysis.Traditional standards of“faithfulness”and“equivalence”have evolved into diverse standards advocating individual differences,promoting tolerance and plurality in translation.

The Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue on English Pronunciation——from the Phonetic and Phonological Perspectives

Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as phonetics, age, motivation and culture etc. By illustrating the Chinese learners' improper English pronunciation, it tries to discuss the negative transfer of their mother tongue on the English pronunciation on the theoretical basis of phonetic and phonological differences between the two languages. Based on these studies and analysis, it hopes to arouse the learners' awareness of the different pronunciation between English and Chinese and their interests in acquiring a native-like pronunciation, and hopefully the teachers will also help the learners have a good knowledge of the difference before they're affected by the negative transfer of Chinese.

The Situation of the Nowadays Pronunciation Teaching and Some Solutions

Pronunciation teaching is the foundation of learning English. But for now, phonetics teaching has been a weak point in English teaching, and there are many problems, for example, Phonetics teaching has not received full attention, British and American sounds crisscross, teaching material layout is not reasonable, etc. Aiming at these problems, we should find out the corresponding solutions timely to correct and perfect our pronunciation teaching.

Discussions on the Characteristics and Status of EE in the Study of British Pronunciation

The term "Estuary English" is coined in 1984 by British linguist David Rosewarne to name an allegedly new variety of English observed in South-east England,spreading along from the Thames estuary.According to Rosewarne,Estuary English is a phonetically and socially intermediate accent on the south-eastern accent continuum between Cockney and RP.It has prominent phonetic and grammatical features and is widely spread in England.Since the term was coined,it has got increasing social acceptability and therefore aroused heated discussion on the substance of EE and whether it would replace RP in the future.This paper will discuss the characteristics and status of EE and the importance in the study of British pronunciation.