Spacecrafts with the pure gravity environment are of great significance in precision navigation, gravity field measurement for celestial bodies, and basic physics ex- periments. The radiometer effect is one of the imp...Spacecrafts with the pure gravity environment are of great significance in precision navigation, gravity field measurement for celestial bodies, and basic physics ex- periments. The radiometer effect is one of the important interfering factors on the proof mass in a purely gravitational orbit. For the gravity field measurement system based on the inner-formation flying, the relationship between the radiometer effect on the inner- satellite and the system parameters is studied by analytical and numerical methods. An approximate function of the radiometer effect suitable for the engineering computation and the correction factor are obtained. The analytic results show that the radiometer effect on the inner-satellite is proportional to the average pressure while inversely pro- portional to the average temperature in the outer-satellite cavity. The radiometer effect increases with the temperature difference in the cavity, and its minimum exists when the cavity radius increases. When the minimum of the radiometer effect arrives, the ratio of the cavity radius to the inner-satellite radius is 1.189 4. This constant is determined by the spherical cavity configuration and independent of the temperature and pressure distributions. When the ratio of the cavity radius to the inner-satellite radius is more than 10, it is believed that the cavity is large enough, the radiometer effect is approxi- mately proportional to the square of the inner-satellite radius, and the influence of the outer-satellite cavity radius on the radiometer effect can be ignored.展开更多
Spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces are important in precision navigation,gravity field measurement and basic scientific research.The Inner-formation Flying System,one kind of spacecrafts free of all but ...Spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces are important in precision navigation,gravity field measurement and basic scientific research.The Inner-formation Flying System,one kind of spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces,is used for gravitational field measurement with high precision.Restraining the interfering factors on the inner-satellite is one of the keys to gravitational field measurement.Radiometer effect and residual gas damping are both interfering forces on the inner-satellite caused by gas molecules.By analyzing the mechanism of the two forces,a coupled model for radiometer effect and residual gas damping was established,which contained the coupling term and reflected the actual force of gas molecules on the inner-satellite.The simulation results showed the coupling property of radiometer effect and residual gas damping:The actual force of gas molecules is directly proportional to the average pressure in the cavity and the largest cross-sectional area of the inner-satellite,but is inversely proportional to the square root of the average temperature in the cavity.展开更多
A cantilever-structured magneto-mechano-electric(MME)generator comprising a magnetoelectric composite with a magnet proof mass is a potential candidate for powering autonomous wireless sensor networks.Recently,the con...A cantilever-structured magneto-mechano-electric(MME)generator comprising a magnetoelectric composite with a magnet proof mass is a potential candidate for powering autonomous wireless sensor networks.Recently,the concept of a magnetic flux concentrator(MFC)to enhance the output performance of the MME generator by focusing the ultralow-intensity magnetic field into the MME generator was introduced.However,the MFC-concentrated magnetic flux mostly focused on the end tip of the MME cantilever rather than at the magnet proof mass located on the cantilever beam.Considering that the torque generated by the magnet proof mass contributes more than half of the output power of an MME generator,optimizing the volume and position of the proof-mass with MFC is crucial for better performance.Furthermore,a smaller proof-mass is desirable for the long-term reliability of cantilevertype harvesters.Hence,we investigated the effect of the position and weight(volume)of the magnet proof mass with respect to the MFC on the output performance of the MME generator through finite element analysis and experiments.The MME generator with the lighter magnet proof mass at the optimized position generated a maximum power of 5.35 mW under a 10 Oe magnetic field,which was 210%of that of the MME configuration used in our previous study.Furthermore,the MME generator showed broadband characteristics around the practical frequency of 60 Hz,which could provide more freedom to design the harvester with high performance.展开更多
The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric an...The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.展开更多
复系数质点法是以几何点的运算为基础而建立起来的一种新的几何定理机器证明方法.它能高效地证明大部分构造型几何命题,但现有的复系数质点法仍不能有效地处理一些非线性构造型几何命题.为此,该文在原有工作的基础上,对原复系数质点法...复系数质点法是以几何点的运算为基础而建立起来的一种新的几何定理机器证明方法.它能高效地证明大部分构造型几何命题,但现有的复系数质点法仍不能有效地处理一些非线性构造型几何命题.为此,该文在原有工作的基础上,对原复系数质点法机器证明算法进行了较大的改进,新添加了一些重要的构图方式,并选用Mathematica重新实现了改进的算法,创建了新的证明器CMPP(Complex Mass Point method Prover).对上百个几何定理的运行结果显示,证明器CMPP能有效地处理非线性构造型几何命题以及许多非构造型几何命题,在解题能力及运行效率上均有所提高.特别地,CMPP能在短时间内实现五圆定理、莫莱定理等一些难度较大的几何定理的可读机器证明.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11002076)the National Defence Preresearch Foundation of China (No. 51320010201)
文摘Spacecrafts with the pure gravity environment are of great significance in precision navigation, gravity field measurement for celestial bodies, and basic physics ex- periments. The radiometer effect is one of the important interfering factors on the proof mass in a purely gravitational orbit. For the gravity field measurement system based on the inner-formation flying, the relationship between the radiometer effect on the inner- satellite and the system parameters is studied by analytical and numerical methods. An approximate function of the radiometer effect suitable for the engineering computation and the correction factor are obtained. The analytic results show that the radiometer effect on the inner-satellite is proportional to the average pressure while inversely pro- portional to the average temperature in the outer-satellite cavity. The radiometer effect increases with the temperature difference in the cavity, and its minimum exists when the cavity radius increases. When the minimum of the radiometer effect arrives, the ratio of the cavity radius to the inner-satellite radius is 1.189 4. This constant is determined by the spherical cavity configuration and independent of the temperature and pressure distributions. When the ratio of the cavity radius to the inner-satellite radius is more than 10, it is believed that the cavity is large enough, the radiometer effect is approxi- mately proportional to the square of the inner-satellite radius, and the influence of the outer-satellite cavity radius on the radiometer effect can be ignored.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11002076)National Defence Pre-Research (Grant No. 51320010201)
文摘Spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces are important in precision navigation,gravity field measurement and basic scientific research.The Inner-formation Flying System,one kind of spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces,is used for gravitational field measurement with high precision.Restraining the interfering factors on the inner-satellite is one of the keys to gravitational field measurement.Radiometer effect and residual gas damping are both interfering forces on the inner-satellite caused by gas molecules.By analyzing the mechanism of the two forces,a coupled model for radiometer effect and residual gas damping was established,which contained the coupling term and reflected the actual force of gas molecules on the inner-satellite.The simulation results showed the coupling property of radiometer effect and residual gas damping:The actual force of gas molecules is directly proportional to the average pressure in the cavity and the largest cross-sectional area of the inner-satellite,but is inversely proportional to the square root of the average temperature in the cavity.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRFe2022R1F1A1073594).D.-Y Jeong thanks for the financial support from Inha University.
文摘A cantilever-structured magneto-mechano-electric(MME)generator comprising a magnetoelectric composite with a magnet proof mass is a potential candidate for powering autonomous wireless sensor networks.Recently,the concept of a magnetic flux concentrator(MFC)to enhance the output performance of the MME generator by focusing the ultralow-intensity magnetic field into the MME generator was introduced.However,the MFC-concentrated magnetic flux mostly focused on the end tip of the MME cantilever rather than at the magnet proof mass located on the cantilever beam.Considering that the torque generated by the magnet proof mass contributes more than half of the output power of an MME generator,optimizing the volume and position of the proof-mass with MFC is crucial for better performance.Furthermore,a smaller proof-mass is desirable for the long-term reliability of cantilevertype harvesters.Hence,we investigated the effect of the position and weight(volume)of the magnet proof mass with respect to the MFC on the output performance of the MME generator through finite element analysis and experiments.The MME generator with the lighter magnet proof mass at the optimized position generated a maximum power of 5.35 mW under a 10 Oe magnetic field,which was 210%of that of the MME configuration used in our previous study.Furthermore,the MME generator showed broadband characteristics around the practical frequency of 60 Hz,which could provide more freedom to design the harvester with high performance.
文摘The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.
文摘复系数质点法是以几何点的运算为基础而建立起来的一种新的几何定理机器证明方法.它能高效地证明大部分构造型几何命题,但现有的复系数质点法仍不能有效地处理一些非线性构造型几何命题.为此,该文在原有工作的基础上,对原复系数质点法机器证明算法进行了较大的改进,新添加了一些重要的构图方式,并选用Mathematica重新实现了改进的算法,创建了新的证明器CMPP(Complex Mass Point method Prover).对上百个几何定理的运行结果显示,证明器CMPP能有效地处理非线性构造型几何命题以及许多非构造型几何命题,在解题能力及运行效率上均有所提高.特别地,CMPP能在短时间内实现五圆定理、莫莱定理等一些难度较大的几何定理的可读机器证明.
