The Malleus Maleficarum(1486)by Henry Institoris and Jacques Sprenger was written in order to help inquisitors identify,persecute,and prosecute witches.The book is well-known but not studied as much as one could think...The Malleus Maleficarum(1486)by Henry Institoris and Jacques Sprenger was written in order to help inquisitors identify,persecute,and prosecute witches.The book is well-known but not studied as much as one could think,and is sometimes confused with another treatise written in 1669,which includes works by demonologists,such as Jean Nider,Bernard Basin,and Bartolomeo de Spina.This can be explained by the fact that several successive editions were published,which changed the essence of the first essay,until the 17th century.My argument is that the first edition was paradoxical and not as strict as one could imagine.The book was a“bible”for the inquisition about the subjugation of witches,but in the same way,the book seemed to be far too rationalistic when confronted with satanism and superstition.Indeed,we believe that the thesis of the Malleus Maleficarum was also a new way of conceiving of knowledge,fighting against superstition by using the tools of early rationalism at the end of the 15th century.The witches’knowledge that is investigated in the book is confronted with theology,as well as with reason.There is significant evidence of the writers’rationalistic view about occultism and belief.展开更多
Fengshui, which can be translated as Wind-Water literally in English, is an ancient Chinese system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to the flow of Qi, and whose favorable or...Fengshui, which can be translated as Wind-Water literally in English, is an ancient Chinese system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to the flow of Qi, and whose favorable or unfavorable effects are taken into account when sitting and designing buildings. Similar systems exist in many other cultures such as Vastu Shastra in India, which consists of precepts born out of a traditional and archaic view on how the laws of nature affect human dwellings. Although prospered in ancient society, modem reactions to Fengshui are mixed. The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience states that principles of Fengshui are quite rational, but folk remedies and superstitions have been incorporated into its eclectic mix. In this paper, we do not distinguish Fengshui and other similar systems between science and superstition, but try to propose a criterion for judging whether a knowledge system is valuable, and if so, to whom it is valuable. We will end up arguing that, a knowledge system satisfying the criterion of relatively true property is valuable at least to its community of believers, and the problem of whether a knowledge system has greater value is essentially a problem of whether it is relatable to other knowledge systems, so as to expand its community of believers展开更多
本文报告对前文所述文昌乡中心小学四个流行性癔病发病班137名学生进行了问卷调查,其中曾发病者36人(女31,男5)与未发病的45人(女38,男7)对照组进行比较。结果显示发病组 EPQ 测定 N 分(神经质)高,平时情绪消极,应对能力差,依赖性强,体...本文报告对前文所述文昌乡中心小学四个流行性癔病发病班137名学生进行了问卷调查,其中曾发病者36人(女31,男5)与未发病的45人(女38,男7)对照组进行比较。结果显示发病组 EPQ 测定 N 分(神经质)高,平时情绪消极,应对能力差,依赖性强,体质较差,关系密切同学中患病者多,害怕鬼神等特点,与对照组相比,均有显著性差异。展开更多
文摘The Malleus Maleficarum(1486)by Henry Institoris and Jacques Sprenger was written in order to help inquisitors identify,persecute,and prosecute witches.The book is well-known but not studied as much as one could think,and is sometimes confused with another treatise written in 1669,which includes works by demonologists,such as Jean Nider,Bernard Basin,and Bartolomeo de Spina.This can be explained by the fact that several successive editions were published,which changed the essence of the first essay,until the 17th century.My argument is that the first edition was paradoxical and not as strict as one could imagine.The book was a“bible”for the inquisition about the subjugation of witches,but in the same way,the book seemed to be far too rationalistic when confronted with satanism and superstition.Indeed,we believe that the thesis of the Malleus Maleficarum was also a new way of conceiving of knowledge,fighting against superstition by using the tools of early rationalism at the end of the 15th century.The witches’knowledge that is investigated in the book is confronted with theology,as well as with reason.There is significant evidence of the writers’rationalistic view about occultism and belief.
文摘Fengshui, which can be translated as Wind-Water literally in English, is an ancient Chinese system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to the flow of Qi, and whose favorable or unfavorable effects are taken into account when sitting and designing buildings. Similar systems exist in many other cultures such as Vastu Shastra in India, which consists of precepts born out of a traditional and archaic view on how the laws of nature affect human dwellings. Although prospered in ancient society, modem reactions to Fengshui are mixed. The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience states that principles of Fengshui are quite rational, but folk remedies and superstitions have been incorporated into its eclectic mix. In this paper, we do not distinguish Fengshui and other similar systems between science and superstition, but try to propose a criterion for judging whether a knowledge system is valuable, and if so, to whom it is valuable. We will end up arguing that, a knowledge system satisfying the criterion of relatively true property is valuable at least to its community of believers, and the problem of whether a knowledge system has greater value is essentially a problem of whether it is relatable to other knowledge systems, so as to expand its community of believers
文摘本文报告对前文所述文昌乡中心小学四个流行性癔病发病班137名学生进行了问卷调查,其中曾发病者36人(女31,男5)与未发病的45人(女38,男7)对照组进行比较。结果显示发病组 EPQ 测定 N 分(神经质)高,平时情绪消极,应对能力差,依赖性强,体质较差,关系密切同学中患病者多,害怕鬼神等特点,与对照组相比,均有显著性差异。
