Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes by refined bamboo vinegar and preparation of the slow-release system with bamboo charcoal as the carrier

Background:Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases that can significantly impact a considerable proportion of individuals over their lifetime.Objective:This study focuses on the exploration of the application potential of bamboo vinegar in cosmetics.Materials and Methods:The stock solution of bamboo vinegar is subjected to reduced-pressure distillation at different temperatures to obtain refined bamboo vinegar.Then,inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)by refined bamboo vinegar is observed.Moreover,the refined bamboo vinegar is adsorbed and released with activated bamboo charcoal as the carrier.In all,this study aims to probe into the mechanism of the controlledrelease system of bamboo vinegar.Results:The results shows that the harmful substances(tar)in bamboo vinegar distilled at 70℃decreased by 94.44%,which is a more notable decrease compared with that in the stock solution.The total organic acid content in bamboo vinegar after reduced-pressure distillation is 11.840%,reaching the national standard for refined bamboo vinegar(GB/T 31734–2015).Additionally,the minimum inhibitory concentration of refined bamboo vinegar against P.acnes using the punch method is 7.90 mg/mL.This indicates that refined bamboo vinegar has the potential as a prospective raw material for formulations in anti-acne cosmetic products.Furthermore,the release rate of bamboo charcoal/bamboo vinegar in water for 15 min reaches 70.57%,which then slows down to a plateau.The slow-release behavior is agreed with the Ritger-Peppas model and is beneficial to relieve the irritation of bamboo vinegar to the skin and lengthen its bacteriostatic duration.Conclusion:The foregoing conclusions can serve as the theoretical foundation for the application of bamboo vinegar in anti-acne cosmetics.

利用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙固定化Propionibacterium freudenreichii NX-4制备丙酸

以Propionibacterium freudenreichii NX-4为研究对象,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠互配作为固定化载体,考察了其制备丙酸的最佳固定化条件:ρ(PVA)为10.7 g/L,ρ(海藻酸钠)为1.4 g/L,包埋量16%(质量分数),ρ(硼酸)为50 g/L,固定化时间18 h.经15批次的发酵验证,产量稳定,丙酸平均产量为19.64 g/L(葡萄糖40 g/L).以80 g/L的葡萄糖为C源固定化制备丙酸192 h,丙酸产量达35.4 g/L.

外源有机酸对于Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015发酵生产丙酸的影响

考察了外源有机酸(丙酸、乙酸、琥珀酸)对于游离细胞与纤维床反应器生产丙酸的影响。结果表明,以Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015为生产菌株时,纤维床反应器具有比游离细胞更强的丙酸、乙酸耐受性,其中丙酸的抑制现象比乙酸的更加严重。此外,外源琥珀酸可以作为丙酸合成的前体物质对P.freudenreichii CCTCC M207015发酵生产丙酸产生促进作用。

Mass Spectrometric Identification of Propionibacterium Isolates Requires Database Enrichment

Propionibacterium species are mostly environmental bacteria, some being commensal of mammals including humans, and sometimes pathogenic. These bacteria are poorly identified using routine laboratory methods. Recently, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has emerged as a rapid and efficient method to identify bacterial species. We evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF-MS for identification of all validated Propionibacterium species. Only four of the 15 tested reference strains (26.7%) were correctly identified at the species level, and P. acnes, the most common human pathogenic species was not identified. When applying MALDI-TOF-MS to 48 P. acnes strains, only 18.7% were correctly identified, suggesting an intraspecific variability of proteic profiles among Propionibacterium strains. However, by enriching the Bruker database with spectra from five of these strains and re-testing the other 43 strains against this new database, 93.0% were correctly identified. Our study demonstrates that MALDI-TOF-MS may be used for the identification of Propionibacterium isolates but requires a database enrichment in spectra from additional isolates.

Mycobacterium avium Paratuberculosis (MAP) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Are Frequently Detected in the Saliva of Patients Recently Diagnosed with Crohn Disease (CD) Whereas Oral Propionibacterium Acnes (PA) or Methylacetate (MA) in Their Breath Is Rare

We investigated the presence of MAP, CMV, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the saliva of patients presenting with periodontal disease, gingivitis or oral aphthosis. We also measured methylacetate in their breath and looked for the presence of PA on their tongue. All patients were prospectively enrolled into a two-year cohort study. We compared the group presenting with CD versus the group without CD. 167 patients were enrolled. 24 patients presented with CD. CMV and MAP were found concomitantly in 67% of CD patients (17 patients) whereas only 1 patient (<0.1%;p < 0.001) has these infectious agents in the comparative group. PA was rare in CD (25% versus 70.6%;p < 0.001). MA was low, especially with an empty stomach (0.59 ppm +/? 1.45 versus 5.14 ppm +/? 8.97;p < 0.001). It was concluded that the association MAP + CMV was frequently found in oral lesions of CD at an early stage. Detection of PA, MAP and CMV, as well as breath test could be easily performed and may participate to the early diagnosis of CD.

Improvement of Propionic Acid Production for Antifungal Activity from Whey by Calcium Alginate Immobilization of Propionibacterium acidipropionici TISTR 442

The improvement of propionic acid production for antifungal activity, as fermenting by calcium alginate immobilized cells of Propionibacterium acidipropionici TISTR 442 was investigated by using whey as substrate. Optimal condition for immobilization was performed by adjusting tube distance to CaCI2 solution to be 4-6 cm and 7 mL/min flow rate of alginate gel. The production of propionic acid by immobilized cells in a 2 L fermentor using 1% CaCO3 and 5 N KOH to control the pH at 6.5 gave maximum propionic acid and they had consistent potential to recycle 2 rounds of fermentation and produced the total of 29.24 g/L propionic acid （15.85 ± 0.25 g/L and 13.39 ± 0.25 g/L propionic acid from Batch 1 and Batch 2 fermentation, respectively）. Compared to free-cell fermentation, propionic acid productivity increased 20% （0.083 g/h vs. 0.070 g/h） and fermentation time reduced 11% （192 h vs. 216 h） in 2 L fermentor with 40 g/L initial total sugar from whey. The fermented propionic acid as well as the commercial propionic acid from chemical process was able to inhibit the growth of the fungal tested.

痤疮治疗的研究进展

痤疮是一种毛囊皮脂腺单位的慢性炎症性皮肤病,各种年龄阶段均可发病,青少年最常见。痤疮的发病是多因素造成的,其发病率高且易复发,严重者会遗留瘢痕,这对青少年的身心都存在着很大的影响。因此,早期进行饮食控制、养成良好习惯和及时治疗痤疮可以减少痤疮发病率、减少瘢痕的形成。目前临床治疗痤疮的方法也各式各样,主要有一般治疗、外用药物治疗、系统药物治疗、物理治疗、化学治疗,其中包括中医、西医治疗。

Antimicrobial activity of topical agents against Propionibacterium acnes： an in vitro study of clinical isolates from a hospital in Shanghai, China

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activities of topical agents against Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients admitted to a hospital in Shanghai, China. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the cultured P. acnes were determined in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Susceptibilities to clindamycin and erythromycin were compared in terms of gender, age, disease duration, previous treatment, and disease severity. A total of 69 P. acnes strains were isolated from 98 patients （70.41%）. The susceptibility to triple antibiotic ointment （neomycin/bacitracin/polymyxin B） and bacitracin was 100%. The susceptibility to fusidic acid was 92.7%. The resistance rates to neomycin sulfate, erythromycin, and clindamycin were 11.7%, 49.3%, and 33.4%, respectively. The high resistance rate to clindamycin and erythromycin was significantly affected by gender, previous treatment, and disease severity rather than by age and disease duration. Topical antibiotics should not be used separately for long-term therapy to avoid multiresistance. The use of topical antibiotics should be determined by clinicians on the basis of clinical conditions.

来源于植物提取物的群体感应抑制剂抑制痤疮致病菌机制的研究进展

痤疮致病菌主要有痤疮丙酸杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌。群体感应与细菌毒力因子的表达及生物膜的形成密切相关,是细菌存活的重要因素。目前已确定金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌的群体感应系统的类型,但痤疮丙酸杆菌的群体感应类型尚存在争议。副作用小的植物提取物类的群体感应抑制剂在痤疮的治疗中具备较大潜能。本文主要对来源于植物提取物的群体感应抑制剂在抑制痤疮致病菌中的机制研究进展进行综述。

贪婪皮肤杆菌致人工肩关节置换术后感染1例并文献复习

目的 探讨贪婪皮肤杆菌引起的人工关节假体周围感染(PJI)的临床特点及诊治方案。方法 总结1例贪婪皮肤杆菌引起的PJI患者的诊疗过程,检索数据库相关文献进行复习。结果 患者女性,65岁,身体质量指数(BMI)31.1 kg/m2,左肱骨近端骨折后行“左肱骨头假体置换术”,术后10个月伤口愈合不良伴渗出,左肩关节活动受限,诊断为人工肩关节置换术后感染。行感染扩创病灶清除术及假体取出术,组织、骨水泥、假体均培养出贪婪皮肤杆菌。检索并筛选出4篇文献,共报道30例因贪婪皮肤杆菌引起PJI的患者(髋关节28例,肩关节2例),78.6%(22例)的人工髋关节假体(THA)手术采用直接前入路(DAA);术前关节液培养阳性率为71.4%,29例进行外科手术结合敏感抗菌药物治疗;除一例患者反复感染,行3次手术外,其他患者预后良好。结论 贪婪皮肤杆菌引起的PJI常见于肥胖且采用DAA的THA患者,少数病例也见于人工肩关节置换术后。术前受累关节穿刺微生物培养敏感性较高,可为手术策略与抗感染方案的制定提供重要依据。

痤疮丙酸杆菌与皮肤健康的相关研究进展

痤疮丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes)是人体皮肤上的常驻菌,是毛囊皮脂腺内的主要微生物。痤疮丙酸杆菌因与痤疮发病有关,使其变得“臭名昭著”。然而,随着基因组学、蛋白组学以及代谢组学的发展,人们对痤疮丙酸杆菌有了新的认识,正常生理状态下它是人体共生菌,对宿主的健康发挥着重要作用。本文就痤疮丙酸杆菌的发现历程、生物学特征以及对皮肤健康的影响方面来归纳总结痤疮丙酸杆菌与皮肤健康的关系。

壬二酰胺MEA与阿地米屈的美白及抑菌功效研究

对壬二酰胺MEA与阿地米屈的痤疮丙酸杆菌抑菌效果和美白活性进行研究并对比。以测定抑菌率及MBC值来评价其抑菌效果;以抑制黑色素变化量以及酪氨酸酶活性效果,测定美白活性。实验结果表明:壬二酰胺MEA在2.0 mg/mL浓度下对酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为65.96%、黑色素变化量降低24.90%,对痤疮丙酸杆菌的MBC值为10.0 mg/mL、此浓度下抑菌率达到93.26%。阿地米屈基本不会抑制细胞黑色素生成,其MBC值为10.0 mg/mL,抑菌率为98.78%。壬二酰胺MEA对痤疮丙酸杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用及美白活性,更适合在治疗痤疮及美白产品中应用。

Unexpected positive cultures including isolation of Propionibacterium acnes in revision shoulder arthroplasty

Objective Little information is available to guide treatment strategies regarding patients with unexpected positive cultures （UPC）,including Propionibacterium acnes （PA）,without overt signs of infection in revision shoulder arthroplasty （RSA）.The purpose of our study was to analyze the prevalence,clinical meaning,treatment and prognosis of UPC in RSA.Data sources and study selection We performed a systematic review of the literature between 1950 and 2013 for all studies reporting on UPC for PA.Studies with the prevalence and prognosis of patients with UPC in RSA were analyzed.Results Six studies meeting our inclusion criteria yielded data for 1 402 patients who underwent a total of 1405 RSA.Based on the available data,following RSA 235 shoulders had UPCs with a pooled percentage of 16.7％ （235/1405）.The most commonly isolated bacteria from shoulders following RSA with UPCs was PA with pooled percentages of 63.4％ （149/235）.Occurrence of true infection from UPCs after RSA was seen in 24 shoulders （24/235,10.2％）.Antibiotic use did not influence the rate of the occurrence of true infection from UPCs （P=0.498）.Conclusions Our study showed a low risk of having a true infection from UPCs after RSA without clinical signs of preoperative infection at the time of the surgery.Therefore,prolonged antibiotic therapy may not be necessary in these patients.

A mixed culture of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as antifungal biopreservatives in bakery product

In this study,15 strains of Lactic acid bacteria(Allata et al.)and 6 strains of propionic acid bacteria(PAB)were firstly tested for their antifungal activity against three spoilage fungi,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium crustosum and Aspergillus flavus.Two strains of LAB and PAB were selected and assessed,alone or paired,for their abilities to inhibit the most resistant mold,Aspergillus niger.A mixed culture of P.freudenreichii D6 and L.plantarum L9 was found to be the most active and their optimal inoculum was 1×10^(8) and 1×10^(6) CFU/mL,respectively.Furthermore,the in situ antifungal effect of the mixed culture was evaluated against bakery product spoilage fungi.It was found that the growth of airborne fungi was delayed for up to 7 days.The cell number of L.plantarum L9 was slightly increased by the presence of P.freudenreichii D6.Quantification of three main acids(propionic,lactic and acetic acid)produced by the protective cultures suggested that acetic acid was mainly responsible for the antifungal activity.In conclusion,the mixed culture of P.freudenreichii and L.plantarum may be exploited as biopreservatives in bakery products.

痤疮丙酸杆菌对痤疮作用研究进展

痤疮丙酸杆菌(P.acnes)被广泛认为是痤疮的病因之一。近年来,随着对P.acnes研究的深入,发现其与痤疮患者的皮脂分泌、角化过度和炎症等病理过程有密切关联,表明其在痤疮发病机制中并不是独立的致病因素。本文综述了P.acnes在痤疮中的作用机制和研究进展,旨在为进一步诊治痤疮提供更深入的研究思路。

86株痤疮丙酸杆菌的耐药性及生物膜成膜能力分析

目的研究临床分离痤疮丙酸杆菌的耐药性及其生物膜成膜能力。方法选取2020年12月—2022年1月长沙市第四医院皮肤科门诊诊治的114例痤疮患者为研究对象。分离出痤疮丙酸杆菌,通过琼脂稀释法检测其对常用抗生素的耐药性;采用结晶紫染色法检测其生物膜形成能力;通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察生物膜结构;选取8株生物膜成膜能力较强的菌株Pa01、Pa02、Pa03、Pa04、Pa05、Pa06、Pa07和Pa08检测体外抗生素的敏感性,随机选取成膜能力阴性菌株(浮游菌)Pa12和成膜能力阳性菌株Pa03进行大鼠实验,复制痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株感染模型。将感染模型大鼠随机分为2组,每组6只,分别皮下注射30 mg/kg的米诺环素(米诺环素组)或1%DMSO(溶媒组),感染后第5天处死大鼠,测量脓肿的面积,并分离脓肿组织进行均浆计数和HE染色。结果本研究共分离出86株痤疮丙酸杆菌,分离率为75.4%。痤疮丙酸杆菌对甲硝唑和夫西地酸的耐药性最高,分别为93.0%和90.7%;对大环内酯类抗生素的耐药率为75.6%~88.4%。对米诺环素和多西环素的敏感性最高,耐药率仅分别为7.0%和8.1%。86株临床分离痤疮丙酸杆菌中,34株(39.53%)生物膜成膜能力阳性,其中,成膜能力强、中和弱的占比分别为9.30%(8/86)、12.79%(11/86)和17.44%(15/86)。不同成膜能力组的生物膜吸光度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且成膜能力强、中和弱组的吸光度比成膜能力阴性组均显著升高(P<0.05);对照组与米诺环素实验组(8μg/mL)菌株Pa01、Pa02、Pa03、Pa04、Pa05、Pa06、Pa07和Pa08的生物膜总量比较,差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。成膜能力阴性菌株Pa12中,米诺环素组的脓肿大小较溶媒组降低(P<0.05),米诺环素可显著抑制浮游菌Pa12脓肿的形成;米诺环素组的菌株载量较溶媒组减少(P<0.05),米诺环素能显著降低其脓肿痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株载量。成膜能力阳性菌株Pa03中,溶媒组和米诺环素组的脓肿大小和菌株载量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论痤疮丙酸杆菌对米诺环素和多西环素的敏感性较高,且该菌易形成生物膜导致耐药性增加。

菊茎叶精油微乳凝胶剂制备工艺优化及其有效成分测定、抑菌作用评价

目的优化菊茎叶精油微乳凝胶剂制备工艺,并测定其有效成分含量,评价其抑菌作用。方法以伪三相图面积、粒径、Zeta电位为评价指标,单因素试验优化微乳制备工艺。以外观性状、涂展性、耐热、耐寒、离心稳定性的综合评分为评价指标,单因素试验优化微乳凝胶剂制备工艺。UPLC、GC-FID法测定有效成分含量,考察抑菌作用。结果微乳最佳制备工艺为每100 g含菊茎叶精油0.396 g、薄荷精油7.15 mg、油酸乙酯4.37 g、吐温8021.82 g、丙三醇7.26 g、黄芩醇提物0.156 g、菊茎叶水提物0.234 g,水相加至100 g;微乳凝胶剂最佳制备工艺为每100 g含主药0.80%、卡波姆U203%、保湿剂15%、三乙醇胺2.4%。微乳及其凝胶剂中含量较高的成分为香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、黄芩苷、β-石竹烯、α-姜黄烯,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为2、4 mg/mL,对痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC分别为4、8 mg/mL。结论该方法简便、稳定、可行,可用于制备有效成分含量稳定、对致痘菌抑制效果明显的菊茎叶精油微乳凝胶剂,从而为其在化妆品中的进一步开发应用提供科学依据和技术支撑。

青蒿琥酯对痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的人皮脂腺细胞促炎症因子表达的影响

目的:研究青蒿琥酯(Art)对痤疮丙酸杆菌(P.acnes)诱导的人皮脂腺细胞(SZ95)促炎症因子表达的影响。方法:CCK8法检测不同浓度Art对人皮脂腺细胞活力的影响,筛选出适宜浓度的Art;RT-PCR、ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-1β的表达。结果:Art在25~100μmol/L剂量范围内以剂量依赖关系抑制了痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的人皮脂腺细胞分泌促炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论:Art可抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的人皮脂腺细胞分泌促炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β。

常山胡柚果皮精油对痤疮丙酸杆菌的体外抑制作用研究

以常山胡柚果皮为原料制备常山胡柚果皮精油(CHEO),分析其成分含量及对痤疮丙酸杆菌的体外抑制作用。结果表明:CHEO含有丰富的D-柠檬烯与松油烯,相对含量分别为30.45%与20.38%。CHEO对痤疮丙酸杆菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)分别为(3.80±0.20)、(11.30±0.50)mg/mL。通过生长曲线发现,1×MIC CHEO在48 h内能明显抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌生长;通过电镜观察发现,用CHEO处理后痤疮丙酸杆菌菌体多有破损、断裂,表明CHEO对痤疮丙酸杆菌有较强的体外抑菌活性。