Tailoring the microenvironment of Ti sites in Ti-containing materials for synergizing with Au sites to boost propylene epoxidation

Au sites supported on Ti-containing materials(Au/Ti-containing catalyst)are currently considered as a promising catalyst for the propylene epoxidation owing to the synergistic effect that hydrogen peroxide species formed on Au sites diffuses to the Ti sites to form the Ti-hydroperoxo intermedi-ates and contributes to the formation of propylene oxide(PO).In principle,thermal treatment will significantly affect the chemical and physical structures of Ti-containing materials.Consequently,the synergy between tailored Ti sites with different surface properties and Au sites is highly ex-pected to enhance the catalytic performance for the reaction.Herein,we systematically studied the intrinsic effects of different microenvironments around Ti sites on the PO adsorption/desorption and conversion,and then effectively improved the catalytic performance by tailoring the number of surface hydroxyl groups.The Ti^(Ⅵ)material with fewer hydroxyls stimulates a remarkable enhance-ment in PO selectivity and H_(2)efficiency compared to the Ti^(Ⅵ)material that possessed more hydrox-yls,offering a 7-fold and 4-fold increase,respectively.As expected,the Ti^(Ⅵ)+Ⅳand Ti^(Ⅳ)materials also exhibit a similar phenomenon to the Ti^(Ⅵ)materials through the same thermal treatment,which strongly supports that the Ti sites microenvironment is an important factor in suppressing PO con-version and enhancing catalytic performance.These insights could provide guidance for the rational preparation and optimization of Ti-containing materials synergizing with Au catalysts for propylene epoxidation.

Catalytic Reaction Kinetics of Propylene Dimerization to 4-Methyl-1-Pentene Using Cu-K/K_(2)CO_(3) Solid Base Catalyst

The catalysis technology of propylene dimerization to form 4-methyl-1-pentene(4MP1)using a Cu-K/K_(2)CO_(3) solid base catalyst is a well-known heterogeneous catalytic reaction.In this study,the intrinsic kinetics of propylene dimerization were studied in a fixed-bed continuous reactor.Internal and external diffusion during the dimerization reaction experiments were eliminated by adjusting the flow rate of the carrier gas and the particle size of the catalyst support.Then,the concentration changes of each substance at the outlet of the catalyst bed under different residence times were investigated.Moreover,the suitable reaction kinetics equations was derived using the Langmuir Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson kinetic model.Finally,the activation energy for each reaction involved in the dimerization reaction was calculated.The activation energies of 4MP1,branched by-products,and 1-hexene were 115.0,150.8,and 177.4 kJ/mol,respectively.The effect of process conditions on propylene dimerization with solid base catalysts was studied through kinetic model simulation.By comparing the theoretical values obtained from the simulation with the experimental results,the applicability and accuracy of the kinetic model were verified.

Manipulating Zn^(2+)solvation environment in poly(propylene glycol)-based aqueous Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)electrolytes for high-voltage hybrid ion batteries

Compared with aqueous single-ion batteries,rechargeable aqueous hybrid ion batteries,especially Li^(+)/Zn^(2+)hybrid ion batteries,are receiving extensive interest owing to their low cost,high operating voltage,and energy density.However,their working voltage and lifespan are limited by the decomposition of water and the growth of Zn dendrites.Herein,detrimental side reactions induced by the water reduction and the Zn dendrite growth are successfully suppressed by a poly(propylene glycol)(PPG)-based hybrid ion electrolyte[(1 m Zn(TFSI)2+10 m LiTFSI)in PPG/H2O].The addition of PPG in the electrolyte can not only enhance the bonding strength of hydrogen-bond in water but also tailor the solvation sheath of Zn2+as revealed by synchrotron X-rays.The participated solvation of PPG with Zn^(2+)can weaken Zn-H_(2)O interactions and redistribute Zn^(2+)flux on the surface of the Zn anode,thus inducing favorably even deposition of Zn.In addition,the decomposition of TFSI-contributes a ZnF_(2)-enriched solid electrolyte interface at the Zn anode to further prevent water decomposition and restrain Zn dendrites.The PPG-based electrolyte enables 2.1 V LiMnO_(2)//Zn batteries to deliver high specific capacities(121.7 mAh g^(-1)for a coin cell and 90 mAh g^(-1)for a pouch cell),and maintain 80%of the capacity over 700 cycles at 0.5 C,suggesting a promising pathway for highly reversible aqueous hybrid ion batteries.

Stability and Thermal Property Optimization of Propylene Glycol-Based MWCNT Nanofluids

Propylene glycol-based MWCNT(multi-walled carbon nanotubes)nanofluids were prepared in the framework of a two-step method and by using a suitable PVP(polyvinyl pyrrolidone)dispersant.The BBD(Box-Behnken design)model was exploited to analyze 17 sets of experiments and examine the sensitivity of the absorbance to three parameters,namely the concentration of MWCNT,the SN ratio(mass ratio of carbon nanotubes to sur-factants)and the sonication time.The results have revealed that,while the SN ratio and concentration of MWCNT have a strong effect on the absorbance,the influence of the sonication time is less important.The sta-tistical method of analysis of variance(ANOVA)was further used to determine the F-and p-values of the model.Five experiments were run to validate this approach.Since sample 2 was found to display the greatest absorbance,it was selected for stability monitoring as well as thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements.This sample has been found to be stable;the viscosity decreased with increasing temperature;the addition of MWCNT nano-particles was more effective in improving the thermal conductivity of propylene glycol than other methods in the literature.Moreover,the MWCNT nanofluid based on propylene glycol exhibited higher thermal conductivity at low temperatures.

CuCe-SAPO-34选择性催化丙烯还原柴油车尾气氮氧化物

采用等体积浸渍法制备Cu Ce-SAPO-44分子筛催化剂,用于选择性催化丙烯还原柴油车尾气氮氧化物(C3H_(6)-SCR)。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_(2)吸附-脱附、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、H_(2)程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)和NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等方法对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征。研究表明,引入的铈与铜物种之间存在相互作用,有利于生成更多的孤立Cu^(2+)物种,提高了分子筛催化剂的低温氧化还原性能,从而提高了Cu CeSAPO-34的低温脱硝活性。同时,双金属分子筛骨架上具有丰富的Lewis酸性位,有助于C3H_(6)和NO_(x)的吸附和活化。当Cu∶Ce=4∶2时,Cu Ce-SAPO-34催化剂具有最佳的脱硝性能,在含有10%O_(2)和5%H_(2)O的柴油车尾气氛围中,在250℃最高能实现90%以上的脱硝效率。

高硅ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸性的协同调控及其催化甲醇制丙烯反应性能

通过碱处理结合铬改性策略实现了对高硅ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸性的协同调控,制备出了一种具有适宜酸性的高硅多级孔沸石催化剂。在碱处理的过程中,通过精细调节合成凝胶组成,在沸石晶体中引入的丰富共生界面,诱导了介孔的形成,从而打破了沸石硅铝比对常规碱处理法的限制。在铬改性的过程中,独特的多级孔结构促进了铬在催化剂中的分散,从而实现了对酸性的深度改性。在甲醇制丙烯催化反应中,制备的催化剂表现出了极佳的催化稳定性以及很高的丙烯和总低碳烯烃选择性。

C_(4)烯烃转化制丙烯工艺及催化剂研究

目的开发C_(4)烯烃催化裂解制丙烯工艺和催化剂制备工艺技术,完成小试和工业侧线试验。方法采用固定床评价装置考查了催化剂配方、改性及工业条件对催化剂活性、选择性、稳定性能的影响。结果以ZSM-5分子筛为活性组分的催化剂在C_(4)烯烃转化制丙烯反应中具有较好的活性、选择性、稳定性和再生性,磷的引入未改变催化剂的晶型结构,但降低了催化剂酸性位点数量,并调节了催化剂的n(B酸)/n(L酸),随着磷负载量增加到5%(w),分子筛中磷与铝的相互作用逐渐增强,磷可以和骨架铝和非骨架铝相互作用。结论C_(4)烯烃的转化率达到80%以上,丙烯的选择性达到35%~45%,催化剂的单程寿命达到一个月以上,且经再生后,再生恢复率达95%。

锂系聚烯烃弹性体(TPOE)与聚烯烃树脂的共混行为及性能研究

本文剖析了锂系热塑性聚乙烯-丙烯-丁烯-异丙烯(TPOE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM4770P)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE8480)和聚烯烃(TPO/CA10A)树脂的分子结构,探究了这类聚合物的热学性能和物理机械性能,研究了不同用量的TPOE对PP/PE树脂共混物的热学性能和物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,TPOE/PE=1.6~2.5、TPOE/PP=1.4~2.5的共混物,其热学性能和物理机械性能均可与CA10A及POE8480相媲美。

C_(3)产业链高质量发展研究及建议

分析预测了我国丙烯及其衍生物聚丙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、苯酚/丙酮、环氧丙烷、丁辛醇等的市场供需情况;指出了我国C_(3)产业链产能全面过剩的原因;提出了新形势下进入C_(3)产业链的切入点、高质量发展建议。

Catalytic cracking of light diesel over Au/ZSM-5 catalyst for increasing propylene production

The catalytic cracking of light diesel oil （235–337 ＆#176;C） over gold‐modified ZSM‐5 was investigated in a small confined fluidized bed at 460 ＆#176;C and ambient pressure. Different Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared by a modified deposition‐precipitation method by changing the preparation procedure and the amount of gold loading and were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorp‐tion‐desorption, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3, transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. It was found that a small amount of gold had a posi‐tive effect on the catalytic cracking of light diesel oil and increased propylene production at a rela‐tively low temperature. The maintenance of the ZSM‐5 MFI structure, pore size distribution and the density of weak and strong acid sites of the Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts depended on the preparation pa‐rameters and the Au loading. Simultaneous enhancement of the micro‐activity and propylene pro‐duction relies on a synergy between the pore size distribution and the relative intensity of the weak and strong acid sites. A significant improvement in the micro‐activity index with an increase of 4.5 units and in the propylene selectivity with an increase of 23.2 units was obtained over the Au/ZSM‐5 catalyst with an actual Au loading of 0.17 wt%.

聚丙烯催化剂研究进展

综述了聚丙烯(PP)催化剂的研究进展,包括Ziegler-Natta(Z-N)、茂金属、后过渡金属及复合催化剂,重点分析了载体、助催化剂、给电子体对Z-N催化剂活性、结构及性能的影响,并对比了各类催化剂的优缺点。指出今后需在反应机理、合成工艺、聚合物形貌控制等方面对催化剂进行深入研究和设计,在保证催化剂成本的同时,产出性能指标更加优异的PP产品。

Study on kinetics of propylene polymerizationat different temperatures via Monte Carlo simulation

The elementary reactions of propylene polymerization catalyzed by conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts was proposed according to the comprehensive view and without considering the effect of any impurity in the material on propylene polymerization. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was employed to investigate the kinetics of propylene polymerization in order to determine the validity of the stationary state assumption and the effects of the polymerization temperature on the polymerization. The simulated total amount of active species, which only increases quickly at the beginning of the polymerization, indicates that the stationary state assumption in the studied system is valid. Moreover, significant effects of polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion, and the molecular weight and its distribution were also analyzed. The simulated results show that the consumption rate of propylene increases with the increase of polymerization temperature; the maximum values of the number-average degree of polymerization are constant at different polymerization temperatures, however, the peak appears earlier with the higher temperature; as the polymerization temperature increases, the average molecular weight decreases and the molecular weight distribution changes greatly.

中国丙烯及下游产品发展回顾及展望

介绍了2023年中国丙烯及下游产品的供需情况,包括产能、产量、进口量、出口量、消费量及当量消费量,对2023年中国丙烯及下游产品价格及利润情况进行分析,并对2024年中国丙烯及下游产品发展进行展望。

离子液体催化CO_(2)与环氧丙烷合成碳酸丙烯酯反应动力学研究

利用自制烷基功能化催化剂催化环氧丙烷(PO)与CO_(2)环加成生成碳酸丙烯酯(PC),对催化剂用量,反应温度,反应压力及反应时间进行优化,推导了该催化剂催化PC合成的反应机理并建立了动力学方程,讨论了不同温度下PO转化率和PC生成速率随时间变化的规律。实验结果表明,当催化剂用量为0.8%(w)、反应温度140℃、反应压力4.0 MPa、反应时间2.0 h时,PO转化率可达99.61%,PC收率达99.25%。PC合成反应速率与PO的浓度呈线性关系,并遵循一级反应动力学规律。

Effects of Oral Administration of Propylene Glycol and Ca-P-Mg Mixture on Milk Quality and SCC of Dairy Cows after Birth

In order to further study the postpartum care technology of dairy cows,the effects of oral administration of propylene glycol or Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts on milk quality and SCC of dairy cows after birth were investigated. The results showed that the milk fat and dry matter contents in the dairy cows administered with Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts were higher than those in the dairy cows administered with propylene glycol（P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in milk sugar and protein contents and SCC between the two administration groups.

CO_(2)-环氧丙烷合成碳酸丙烯酯:氢键供体效应研究

“双碳”背景下,CO_(2)的综合利用迎来了挑战与机遇,将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品对于节能减排和碳循环利用具有重要意义。其中,将CO_(2)与环氧化合物经过环加成反应转化为环状碳酸酯是碳资源循环利用的重要方式之一。研究了环氧丙烷(PO)在以四丁基溴化铵(TBABr)为催化剂的均相体系中氢键供体效应对环加成反应的影响,探究了不同碳数醇类以及酚类极性对反应的影响。研究发现,在温和条件(100℃、2 h、1.5 MPa)下,以邻苯二酚为氢键供体时,PO的转化率可以达到99.8%,碳酸丙烯酯(PC)选择性可以达到99.51%,性能远远高于无氢键供体体系。此外,通过建立线性溶剂化能关系式以及Kamlet-Taft表达式,定量描述了氢键供体(醇类、酚类)极性参数对反应性能的影响,阐明了氢键供体对提高CO_(2)-PO环加成反应效率的影响。

丙烯气相直接氧化制环氧丙烷铜基催化剂研究进展

环氧丙烷(PO)作为一种用途广泛的有机化合物原料,主要用于合成聚氨酯塑料。聚氨酯塑料因其卓越的弹性、耐久性和多样性,在许多日用品及工业产品中发挥着重要作用。传统的环氧丙烷生产方法常常步骤繁琐并且效率不高,因此科学界持续寻找更为简洁和环保的合成路径。近年来,通过利用分子氧直接环氧化丙烯来合成环氧丙烷的技术引起了人们广泛的兴趣,因为这种方法有望简化生产流程,同时减少有害副产品的生成。通过介绍不同形貌(八面体、立方体、纳米管、纳米棒等)、不同粒径氧化亚铜的调节和制备方法,讨论催化性能的影响因素,例如氧化亚铜的形貌、载体、粒径等,探索不同元素(卤族元素、碱土金属等)掺杂对氧化亚铜催化性能的不同作用方式。在论述这些实验观察和结果的基础上,通过进一步讨论丙烯环氧化反应的可能机理和途径,针对环氧化反应提供详细的分子水平的视角。通过这项研究,希望能够更有效地设计催化剂,优化制备过程,并为环氧丙烷的绿色生产作出贡献,推动聚氨酯塑料行业的可持续发展。

茂金属催化剂催化丙烯与乙烯共聚合研究

以桥联茂金属催化剂催化丙烯与乙烯共聚合,探究了助催化剂、反应温度、共聚单体用量、n(Al)∶n(Zr)和n(B)∶n(Zr)等对丙烯与乙烯共聚合及聚合物结构与性能的影响,优化了间歇溶液聚合的工艺参数,制备了丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物。在合适条件下,该催化体系的活性最高达2.05×10^(7)g/(mol·h)。溶液聚合小试最佳工艺条件:反应温度为70℃,n(Al)∶n(Zr)=150,n(B)∶n(Zr)=1.5。

Color and Gloss Changes of a Lignin-Based Polyurethane Coating under Accelerated Weathering

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the properties of polyurethane coatings based on lignin nano-particles.For this purpose,the prepared coatings were applied to pine wood surfaces and weathered artificially.Subsequently,color and gloss of the coatings were measured before and after the weathering test.Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)micrographs prepared from the coatings showed that the average size of nano-particles in the polyurethane substrate was approximately 500 nm.Nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR)spectroscopy showed that strong urethane bonds were formed in the nano-lignin-based polyurethane.Differential calorimetric analysis(DSC)test revealed that the glass-transition temperature(Tg)of lignin nanoparticles modified with diethylenetriamine(DETA)was 112.8℃ and Tg of lignin nano-particles modified with ethylenediamine(EDA)was 102.5℃,which is lower than the Tg of un-modified lignin(114.6℃)and lignin modified with DETA(126.8℃)and lignin modified with EDA(131.3℃).The coatings modified with lignin nano-particles had a greater change in gloss.The lignin nano-particles in the modified coating are trapping hydroxyl radicals which reduces photoactivity and yellowing of the polyurethane by about 3 times compared to unmodified polyurethane coatings.After weathering test,the nano-lignin-based coating had a rougher surface with a lower contact angle(0.78°)compared to the unmodified polyurethane coating(0.85°).

丙烯环氧化工艺概述及催化剂研究进展

综述了目前已工业化的丙烯环氧化生产环氧丙烷的工艺,包括氯醇法、共氧化法、异丙苯氧化法和过氧化氢氧化法等。以氧气为氧化剂的直接氧化法是最理想的环氧丙烷生产技术,但目前尚未实现工业应用。结合氧气直接氧化法的技术特点,重点讨论了用于该方法的催化剂的研究进展、反应原理及存在的问题,并对其未来的应用和发展方向进行了展望。