Diagnosis and treatment of primary seminoma of the prostate:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Primary seminoma of the prostate(PSP)is a rare type of extragonadal germ cell tumour that is easily misdiagnosed,owing to the lack of specific clinical features.It is therefore necessary for clinicians to work toward improving the accuracy of PSP diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old male patient presenting with acute urinary retention was admitted to a local hospital.A misdiagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia led to an improper prostatectomy.Histopathology revealed PSP invading the bladder neck and bilateral seminal vesicles.Further radiotherapy treatment for the local lesion was performed,and the patient had a disease-free survival period of 96 mo.This case was analysed along with 13 other cases of PSP identified from the literature.Only four of the cases(28.6%)were initially confirmed by prostate biopsy.In these cases,imaging examinations showed an enlarged prostate(range 6-11 cm)involving the bladder neck(13/14).Of the 14 total cases,11(78.6%)presented typical pure seminoma cell features,staining strongly positive for placental alkaline phosphatase,CD117,and OCT4.The median age at diagnosis was 51(range 27-59)years,and patients had a median progression-free survival time of 48(range 6-156)mo after treatment by cisplatin-based chemotherapy combined with surgery or radiotherapy.The remaining three were cases of mixed embryonal tumours with focal seminoma,which had clinical features similar to those of pure PSP,in addition that they also had elevated serum alpha fetoprotein,beta-human chorionic gonadotropin,and lactose dehydrogenase.CONCLUSION PSP should be considered in patients younger than 60 years with an enlarged prostate invading the bladder neck.Further prostate biopsies may aid in proper PSP diagnosis.Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is still the main primary therapy for PSP.

TRIM44蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨三结构域蛋白44(TRIM44)在前列腺增生与前列腺癌中的表达差异,分析其表达与前列腺癌的临床病理及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测96例前列腺癌和60例前列腺增生组织中TRIM44蛋白的表达,并分析TRIM44表达与前列腺癌临床病理参数以及预后的关系。结果前列腺癌组中TRIM44的阳性表达率(64.16%)明显高于前列腺增生组织(20.00%),差异有显著性(χ^(2)=25.591,P<0.05);T3~T4分期、N1分期前列腺癌组织TRIM44高表达率明显高于T1~T2分期、N0分期(χ^(2)=5.629~5.721,P<0.05);前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)>20μg/L前列腺癌中的TRIM44高表达率明显高于PSA≤20μg/L组(χ^(2)=10.532,P<0.05);Gleason高评分组的前列腺癌组织中TRIM44的高表达率高于Gleason低评分组(χ^(2)=6.097,P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,TRIM44高表达病人的总生存率明显低于TRIM44低表达病人(χ^(2)=5.494,P<0.05);单因素生存分析显示,T分期、N分期、M分期、Gleason评分以及TRIM44表达与前列腺癌病人的不良预后相关(HR=1.968~7.416,95%CI=1.099~13.342,P<0.05);Cox多因素回归分析显示,TRIM44高表达是前列腺癌病人的独立预后因素(HR=1.873,95%CI=1.051~3.337,P=0.033)。结论TRIM44在前列腺癌组织中高表达,其表达与前列腺癌病人的临床分期、Gleason评分以及不良预后密切相关。

Using CT imaging to delineate the prostatic apex for radiation treatment planning

Background and Objective: In computed tomography (CT)-based radiotherapy planning for prostate cancer, it is difficult to precisely delineate the prostatic apex because of its relationship with the urogenital diaphragm and bulbospongiosus musculature. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans of the patients with prostate cancer to investigate the relationship between the prostatic apex and the anatomic structure visible on CT, and to provide evidence for localizing the prostatic apex in radiotherapy planning. Methods: MRI and CT scans of 108 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed to measure the distances between the prostatic apex and the bottom of ischial tuberosities, the bottom of obturator foramen, the bottom of pubic symphysis, and the bulb of the penis. The volume of the prostate was measured to analyze its relationship with the localization of the prostatic apex. Results: The prostatic apex was located (13.1 ± 3.3) mm above the bulb of the penis, (11.0 ± 5.4) mm above the bottom of the obturator foramen, (31.3 ± 5.5) mm above the ischial tuberosities, and (7.1 ± 4.7) mm above the bottom of the symphysis pubis. There was no correlation between the size of the prostate and the localization of the prostatic apex. Conclusions: The variance of the distance between the prostatic apex and the bulb of the penis is smaller than that of the distance between the apex and bony anatomy. Delineating the target to 6 mm above the bulb of the penis can cover the prostatic apex in 95% of the patients with prostate cancer, delineating to the bottom of obturator foramen can cover the prostatic apex in 100% of the patients.

Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-metastatic and metastatic prostate cancer:A meta-analysis and systematic review

Objective: To analyze data available in the literature regarding a possible prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients stratified in non-metastatic and metastatic diseases.Methods: A literature search process was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In our meta-analysis, the pooled event rate estimated and the pooled hazard ratio were calculated using a random effect model.Results: Forty-two articles were selected for our analysis. The pooled risk difference for non-organ confined PCa between high and low NLR cases was 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.03-0.15) and between high and low PLR cases increased to 0.30 (95% CI: 0.16-0.43). In non-metastatic PCa cases, the pooled hazard ratio for overall mortality between high and low NLR was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.78-1.88) and between high and low PLR was 1.47 (95% CI: 0.91-2.03), whereas in metastatic PCa cases, between high and low NLR was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.44-2.13) and between high and low PLR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.87-1.24).Conclusion: The prognostic values of NLR and PLR in terms of PCa characteristics and responses after treatment show a high level of heterogeneity of results among studies. These two ratios can represent the inflammatory and immunity status of the patient related to several conditions. A higher predictive value is related to a high NLR in terms of risk for overall mortality in metastatic PCa cases under systemic treatments.

Expression and Implication of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in Prostate Neoplasm

Summary: To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein in prostate cancer (Pca) and its biological significance, the expression of HIF-1α was assayed by means of immunohistochemical technique in 42 prostate cancer, 12 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN) and 9 normal prostate tissue (NP) specimens. Western blot was used to examine the expression of HIF-1α in prostate cancer cell line (PC-3M) induced by different oxygen tension. HIF-1α expression was positive in 33 Pca and 9 PIN specimens, and the positive rate of HIF-1α was higher in distant metastasis patients than in patients without metastasis of prostate cancer (P<0.05), while there was no expression of HIF-1α in NP. The level of HIF-1α in PC-3M significantly increased with the decrease of oxygen tension (P<0.01). Overexpression of HIF-1α is the preliminary event of the formation of Pca, which may induce carcinoma into malignant phenotype. Thus it may serve as an early diagnosis marker and the novel target for Pca treatment.

KAI1/CD82 gene expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and late-stage prostate cancer in Chinese

Aim: To evaluate KAII/CD82 expression in Chinese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and late-stage carcinoma of prostate (CaP). Methods: Thirty Chinese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 34 withCaP (adenocarcinoma clinical stage C and D) were analyzed by means of immunohistochemical methods. Results:The KAII/CD82 expression in BPH tissue was all positive, which was uniformly located on the glandular cell mem-brane at the cell-to-cell borders, but KAII/CD82 expression in metastasis CaP tissues was either significantly lower thanthat of BPH or negative, and the immunostaining pattern was not continuous. In late-stage CAP KAII/CD82 expressionwas correlated inversely to the pathological grade ( P < 0.05), but not to clinical stage ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:The authors believe that decreased and negative KAII/CD82 expression in late-stage CaP may be related to tumor pro-gression and metastasis, and appears to be a prognostic marker.

Altered Expression of Connexin-43 and Impaired Capacity of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Prostate Cancer Cells

Connexin-43 (Cx43) expression in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and the potency of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the cells were investigated, with an attempt to elu- cidate the reason why the so-called 'bystander effect' mediated by thymidine kinase (TK) suicide gene therapy on PCa cells is not of significance and to explore the role of GJIC in PCa carcinogenesis. mRNA and protein expression of Cx43 in a PCa cell line PC-3m was detected by re- verse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and strapt-avidin-biotin-enzyme complex (SABC) immunohistochemical staining, and inherent GJIC of PC-3m cells was assayed by scrape-loading and dye transfer (SLDT) assay. The expression of Cx43 in human normal and malig- nant prostate tissues was determined by SABC immunohistochemistry as well. It was found that Cx43 mRNA and protein expression in PC-3m cells was slightly reduced as compared with positive controls and the location of Cx43 protein was aberrant in cytoplasm rather than on membrane. As- sessment of paraffin sections demonstrated that the expression of Cx43 protein in PCa cells was ab- normally located and markedly diminished as compared with normal prostatic epithelial ones, dis- playing a negative correlation to the pathological grade (χ2=4.025, P<0.05). Additionally, capacity of inherent GJIC in PC-3m cells was disrupted, which was semi-quantified as (+) or (-). It was indi- cated that both down-regulated expression of Cx43 mRNA and aberrant location of Cx43 protein par- ticipated in the mechanisms leading to deficient GJIC in PC-3m cells. Lack of efficient GJIC is a molecular event, which may contribute not only to limited extent of 'bystander effect', but also to initiation and progression of prostatic neoplasm.

Cognitive magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion transperineal targeted biopsy combined with randomized biopsy in detection of prostate cancer

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common cancers among men.Various strategies for targeted biopsy based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mp-MRI)have emerged,which may improve the accuracy of detecting clinically significant PCa in recent years.AIM To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of a template for cognitive MRIultrasound fusion transperineal targeted plus randomized biopsy in detecting PCa.METHODS Data from patients with an increasing prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level but less than 20 ng/mL and at least one lesion suspicious for PCa on MRI from December 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent cognitive fusion transperineal template-guided targeted biopsy followed by randomized biopsy outside the targeted area.A total of 127 patients with complete data were included in the final analysis.A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted,and a two-sided P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS PCa was detected in 66 of 127 patients,and 56 cases presented clinically significant PCa.Cognitive fusion targeted biopsy alone detected 59/127 cases of PCa,specifically 52/59 cases with clinically significant PCa and 7/59 cases with clinically insignificant PCa.A randomized biopsy detected seven cases of PCa negative on targeted biopsy,and four cases had clinically significant PCa.PSA density(OR:1.008,95%CI:1.003-1.012,P=0.001;OR:1.006,95%CI:1.002-1.010,P=0.004)and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)scores(both P<0.001)were independently associated with the results of cognitive fusion targeted biopsy combined with randomized biopsy and targeted biopsy alone.CONCLUSION This single-centered study proposed a feasible template for cognitive MRIultrasound fusion transperineal targeted plus randomized biopsy.Patients with higher PSAD and PI-RADS scores were more likely to be diagnosed with PCa.

Incremental value of magnetic resonance imaging in the advanced management of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a major public health burden throughout the world.The high incidence of prostate cancer,combined with earlier detection and downstaging at the time of diagnosis,and the slow natural progression and biological heterogeneity of the disease,has made its management a complex and controversial issue.There is growing demand for patient-specific therapies that can minimize treatment morbidity while maximizing treatment benefits.There are a number of clinical parameters and clinical nomograms to help with the choice of treatment.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a technique which makes safer,more individualized therapies possible due to high spatial resolution,superior contrast resolution,multiplanar capability,and a large field of view.Other MRI techniques such as MR spectroscopic imaging,dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI or perfusion MRI,and diffusion-weighted imaging complement MRI by reflecting tissue biochemistry,Brownian motion of water molecules,and capillary wall permeability,respectively.This editorial review highlights the incremental value of MRI in the advanced management of prostate cancer to non-invasively improve cancer staging,biologic potential,treatment planning,therapy response,local recurrence,and to guide target biopsy for clinical suspected cancer with previous negative biopsy.Finally,some future prospects for MRI in prostate cancer management are given.

Pathological findings following radical prostatectomy in patients who are candidates for active surveillance： impact of varying PSA levels

Active surveillance is an acceptable treatment option in men with a low-risk prostate cancer. In the present study, we have retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 509 men who fit the criteria for active surveillance but selected radical prostatectomy. Then, the impact of varying prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels on the risk of upstaging and upgrading in these patients was assessed. Pathological characteristics of patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria under three active surveillance criteria--those of the University of California-San Francisco, the National Cancer Institute and the European Association of Urology--were examined. The proportion of men who were deemed candidates for active surveillance but were subsequently upstaged or upgraded was determined. Of 509 patients, 186 （36.5%）, 132 （25.9%） and 88 （17.3%） men fulfilled the active surveillance criteria, respectively. Upgrading （Gleason scores 7-10） ranged from 32.8% to 38.6%, while upstaging （≥ pT3） ranged from 10.2% to 12.5%, depending on the three active surveillance criteria. After a median follow-up of 24 months, three patients developed a biochemical recurrence. When the impact of varying PSA levels was examined using a test for trend analysis in the context of PSA for each protocol, rates of upstaging were lower in men with PSA 〈4 ng m1-1. However, there was no impact of varying PSA levels on upgrading. In conclusion, commonly used active surveillance protocols carry the risks of upgrading and upstaging. More reliable and accurate markers are needed to better stratify the risks of men who are appropriate candidates for active surveillance.

Impact of tertiary Gleason pattern 5 on prostate cancer aggressiveness:Lessons from a contemporary single institution radical prostatectomy series

Objective:To better evaluate tertiary Gleason pattern reporting and to evaluate the impact of tertiary Gleason pattern 5(TP5)on prostate cancer pathological features and biochemical recurrence at our large single institution.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 1962 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP)for prostate cancer;TP5 was reported in 159 cases(8.1%).Men with Gleason score(GS)7 and GS 8 disease were divided into subgroups with and without TP5,and histopathological features were compared.Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the impact on TP5 on biochemical-free survival(BFS).Results:Tumors possessing GS 3+4 with TP5 were more likely to exhibit extraprostatic extension(EPE)and had a larger tumor diameter(TD)than GS 3+4 alone.GS 3+4 with TP5 was also associated with positive surgical margins(SM),seminal vesicle involvement(SVI),and higher pre-operative prostate-specific antigen(PSA)values,but without statistical significance.GS 4+3 with TP5 more commonly presented with EPE,positive SM,SVI,and greater TD and pre-operative PSA level than GS 4+3 alone.In multivariate analysis,Gleason score,EPE,and TP5 were overall independent risk factors for PSA recurrence in this cohort.Additionally,GS 4+3 with TP5 was associated with shorter time to recurrence versus GS 4+3 alone.Conclusion:Our results emphasize the importance of TP5 and suggest that criteria for tertiary pattern reporting in prostate cancer should be standardized.Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of tertiary patterns in prognostic models.

Prostatic sarcoma of the Ewing family in a 33-year-old male e A case report and review of the literature

Ewing sarcoma is the second most common primary bone tumor seen in children and adolescents,typically presenting between 10 and 20 years of age.Extraosseous sarcomas of the Ewing family in adults are rare.We report a manifestation of this tumor entity in the periprostatic tissue of a 33-year-old male and discuss our treatment approach.Transrectal biopsy is a feasible and simple diagnostic tool for unclear pelvic masses.Multi-modal therapy and central registries are needed to gain knowledge of rare pelvic tumors like Ewing sarcoma.

Serum testosterone suppression and potential for agonistic stimulation during chronic treatment with monthly depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for metastatic prostate cancer

Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.

MIM软件自动勾画前列腺癌危及器官

目的观察MIM软件自动勾画前列腺癌危及器官的效果,筛选最佳数据库病例数和匹配数。方法随机选取111例前列腺癌CT资料,以1例为Atlas模板、以100例建立5个数据库(n=20、40、60、80、100),其余10例为测试集;根据戴斯相似系数(DSC)、雅卡尔相似系数(JSC)、豪斯多夫距离(HD)及平均最小距离(MDA)评价MIM软件于不同匹配数(5、9)下对各数据库自动勾画危及器官的效果。结果MIM软件勾画双侧股骨头、膀胱及脊髓效果较好,勾画小肠和直肠效果一般。匹配数为5时,MIM软件勾画各数据库各危及器官效果差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);匹配数为9时,其勾画20例数据库小肠的DSC、JSC优于其他数据库(P均<0.05)。MIM软件勾画100例数据库直肠的DSC优于40例数据库(P<0.05),勾画40例数据库直肠的JSC优于100例数据库(P<0.05)。结论MIM软件自动勾画前列腺癌危及器官较好;以40例为模板数据库、选择匹配数5可提高勾画小肠和直肠效果。

Undescended epididymo-testicular metastasis from prostatic carcinoma

Dear Sir, Metastasis of prostatic carcinoma to testis is un- common in the clinical situation, and the involvement of the epididymis is even rarer. Heidrich et al. [1] found only 80 cases of testicular involvement in prostate cancer in published reports. In 1993, Wiebe et al. [2] found only 14 previous cases of epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma in published work. The simulta- neous involvement of testis and epididymis was reported by Suhler and Blanchard in 1980 [3]. To our knowledge, this was the first documented case of a prostatic carcinoma metastasizing to undescended testis and epididymis.

Analysis on chromosome 8 heterozygosity loss in humanprostate carcinoma and high grade prostaticintraepithelial neoplasia

Objective: To analysis the chromosome 8 heterozygosity loss in human prostate carcinoma and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: Pure DNA was obtained from prostate neoplasms and normal tissues by tissue microdissection. The chromosome 8 heterozygosity loss was detected by PCR based micro-satellite polymorphism analysis technique using 14 pairs of microsatellite primers in 10 samples of prostate carcinoma and 10 samples of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Results: There were different frequencies of chromosome 8 heterozygosity loss in 10 samples of prostate carcinoma. 8p23.1-p23.2 and p21-p22 were two high frequency heterozygosity loss regions. Chromosome 8 heterozygosity loss was detected in 3 samples of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusion: There were high frequency heterozygosity loss regions on chromosome 8 of prostate carcinoma, located at 8p23.1-p23.2 and p21-p22. The high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate carcinoma share the same allelic loss on 8p. Tumor suppressor genes located at these two regions may be potentially involved in the initiation and progression of prostate carcinoma.

Cooperative Therapeutic Effects of Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene/Ganciclovir System and Chemotherapeutic Agents on Prostate Cancer in vitro

The killing effects of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene/ganciclovir （HSV-tk/GCV） approach by the addition of several commonly clinical chemotherapeutic agents on hormone refractory prostate cancer （HRPC） cells PC-3m were investigated. After transferring of the HSV-tk gene into PC-3m cells, mRNA and protein expression of HSV-tk was detected by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and strept avidin-biotin complex （SABC） im- munohistochemical method. The killing effect of GCV, cisplatin （CDDP）, etoposide （VP-16）, vincristine （VCR）, methotrexate （MTX）, 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu）, and suramin on PC-3m cells was evaluated by morphological assessment analysis, trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay respectively. Additionally, the cooperative effect of HSV-tk/GCV system combined with the above agents on the target cancer cells was determined by MTT. Furthermore, apoptosis and necrosis induced by GCV plus 5-Fu or suramin was analyzed by flow cytometry （FCM）. The results showed that that there was HSV-tk mRNA and protein expression in pDR2-tk plasmid transduced PC-3m cell. Combination of GCV with VP-16, VCR, 5-Fu or suramin led to an enhanced cellular killing effect, but with CDDP resulted in a reduced one and with MTX in an approximate one. FCM revealed that synergistic use of GCV and 5-fu or suramin resulted in a rather large proportion of apoptosis and necrosis with the apoptosis index being 36.38 % and 35.51%, and the proportion of necrosis being 33.05 % and 28.87 %, respectively. In conclusion, HSV-tk/CGV approach by addition of certain clinical available chemotherapeutic drugs brings on statistically significant enhanced cell killing over single-agent treatment. Our results highlight the potential for such new combination therapies for future treatments of HRPC.

Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer improves biochemical recurrence free survival compared to salvage radiotherapy

AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients receiving adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy following prostatectomy with adverse pathologic features and an undetectable prostate specific antigen(PSA).METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients who received post-prostatectomy radiation at Loyola University Medical Center between 1992 and 2013. Adverse pathologic features(Gleason score ≥ 8, seminal vesicle invasion, extracapsular extension, pathologic T4 disease, and/or positive surgical margins) and an undetectable PSA following prostatectomy were required for inclusion. Adjuvant patients received therapy with an undetectable PSA, salvage patients following biochemical recurrence(BCR). Post-radiation BCR, overall survival, bone metastases, and initiation of hormonal therapy were assessed. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analyses and stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression(HR) were performed. RESULTS: Post-prostatectomy patients(n = 134) received either adjuvant(n = 47) or salvage(n = 87) radiation. Median age at radiotherapy(RT) was 63 years, and median follow-up was 53 mo. Five-year post-radiation BCR-free survival was 78% for adjuvant vs 50% salvage radiotherapy(SRT)(Logrank P = 0.001). Patients with radiation administered following a detectable PSA had an increased risk of BCR compared to undetectable: PSA > 0.0-0.2: HR = 4.1(95%CI: 1.5-11.2; P = 0.005); PSA > 0.2-1.0: HR = 4.4(95%CI: 1.6-11.9; P = 0.003); and PSA > 1.0: HR = 52(95%CI: 12.9-210; P < 0.001). There was no demonstrable difference in rates of overall survival, bone metastases or utilization of hormonal therapy between adjuvant and SRT patients. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant RT improves BCR-free survival compared to SRT in patients with adverse pathologic features and an undetectable post-prostatectomy PSA.

前列腺影像报告和数据系统2.1版联合前列腺特异性抗原密度对特异性抗原灰区前列腺临床显著癌的诊断价值

目的基于双中心数据,探讨前列腺影像报告和数据系统2.1版(PI-RADS v2.1)联合前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)在前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)灰区(4~10 ng/ml)患者中对临床显著性前列腺癌(csPCa)的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析2017年1月—2022年5月解放军总医院第一医学中心(中心一)和解放军总医院第六医学中心(中心二)行多参数磁共振成像且具备病理结果的PSA灰区前列腺疾病患者的临床及影像资料。将中心一患者作为训练组(220例),中心二患者作为测试组(50例)。训练组应用Logistic回归确定csPCa的独立预测因素,并分析多参数组合对csPCa的诊断效能,在测试组进行验证。结果训练组csPCa和非csPCa组前列腺体积、PSAD、PI-RADS v2.1评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-6.468、6.589、75.676,P均<0.001);Logistic回归分析显示PI-RADS v2.1评分和PSAD是csPCa的独立危险因素(P均<0.001)。训练组和测试组PI-RADS v2.1+PSAD组成的Logistic回归模型预测PSA灰区csPCa的曲线下面积为0.860(95%CI 0.808~0.903)、0.906(95%CI 0.790~0.970);Logistic回归模型的曲线下面积高于PI-RADS v2.1和PSAD,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。当PI-RADS v2.1评分为低或中危组且PSAD<0.15 ng/ml^(2)时,训练组和测试组的csPCa检出率较低。结论PI-RADS v2.1评分和PSAD是预测PSA灰区csPCa的独立危险因素,两者联合应用对PSA灰区csPCa的诊断效能优于两者单独应用,有助于临床活检决策。

基于IVIM影像组学模型对前列腺癌和前列腺增生的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨基于体素内不相干运动(IVIM)中真性扩散系数(D)、伪扩散系数(D*)及灌注分数(f)图影像组学模型对前列腺癌和前列腺增生的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析南京医科大学附属泰州市人民医院2019年1月—2021年5月经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的前列腺癌患者106例、前列腺增生患者100例的影像资料,患者均行常规MRI检查及IVIM检查。首先应用Firevoxel软件获得IVIM序列D、D*及f图,将所得伪彩图导入ITK-SNAP软件勾画感兴趣区。采用Pyradiomics软件进行高通量特征提取,最后采用最大相关最小冗余及最小绝对收缩和选择算子稀疏约束法算法筛选影像组学特征并构建模型。采用随机抽样方法将患者按7∶3分成训练组144例与验证组62例,通过受试者工作特征曲线对3个模型的诊断效能进行验证,用决策曲线分析评估影像组学模型的临床预测效能。结果基于D、D*及f图像组学模型预测前列腺癌和前列腺增生,训练组中曲线下面积分别为0.987、0.978、0.992,验证组中曲线下面积分别为0.985、0.975、0.985。决策曲线显示D、D*及f图影像组学模型在临床上可以获得较好的净获益,其中D图组学模型最高。结论基于IVIM序列D、D*及f图的影像组学模型对前列腺癌和前列腺增生具有较高的鉴别诊断效能。