Legislative Protection for Women's Rights and Interests after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

The process of legislative protection for women’s rights and interests of the new China can be divided into two phases: The first phase is from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China to the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside

Improvement of Legislation System of Protecting Women’s Rights and Interests in China——Taking the Amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests as an Opportunity

The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests has been amended twice since it was promulgated 1992,and it has formed a relatively complete legislation system together with relevant laws and regulations,accumulating experience of judicial application in practice.In the current proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests,the main issues that should be considered are:First,the legislative purpose of this law should be reviewed to clarify the three legislative positions of the Law on Women’s Rights and interests,in terms of protection,practice and foundation.Second,it is necessary to grasp whether the text content is appropriate and rectify any defects in the existing text.Third,it should explore how to reform and implement specific systems from the micro perspective to improve the specific systems of women’s personal,property,and social rights and interests.Fourth,it should strengthen the systematic interaction with other norms at different levels and implement the principle of gender equality stipulated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.Fifth,attention should be paid to the necessity of invoking the Law in judicial practice,the possibility of operation and the effectiveness of enforcement.The proposed amendment of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and interests should also sum up the experience of local legislation and judicial decisions and improve the quality of judicial application of the law so that is truly responds to the practical needs and challenges of the protection of women’s rights and interests and the implementation of gender equality in the new era.

Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests in Macao

1. Introduction With China＇s reform and opening up, great achievements have been witnessed by all of us in the protection of human rights, the basic pursuit of which is gen- der equality. Remarkable achievements have also been accomplished in the pro- tection of women＇s rights and interests. It has been 12 years since Macao＇s mann to its motherland. Over these years, Macao, under the framework of the ＂Basic Law＂ has successfully practiced the great concept of ＂one country, two systems,

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

Creating an Institutional Environment for Protecting the Rights and Interests of China’s Dispatched Labor

Employment is fundamental in improving the livelihood of the people and social security is the source ofhuman happiness. This is how the international community protects and improves basic human rights. It is also the policy China has adopted to achieve sustainable economic and social development. Furthermore, it is clear evidence of China＇s respect and protection of human rights.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

Laws,Defects and Countermeasures on the Circulation of Rural Housing Land——From the Perspective of Farmer Rights Protection

The thesis combs the existing legal provisions about rural housing land from the perspectives of use restriction,means restriction,subject restriction and mortgage prohibition,and finds out their defects,namely,weakening real right,confused knowledge about the integration of house property and land property,the loophole in Land Administration Law,the bans on the rural residents' purchase of housing land and so on.Then the thesis expounds the harms of restricting the circulation of housing land,for example,it will result in underground transaction of housing lands;lead to untenanted lands and waste of resources;bring about financing difficulty for peasants;do harm to the interest of land owners(rural collective economic organizations) and so on.The thesis further proposes to establish the legal lease model to solve the problems in the circulation of housing lands,specifically explains the definition of the legal lease model of housing lands,illustrates its detailed information from the aspects of object,subject and content and elaborates a series of problems involving,how to distribute the rent of housing lands,as well as how to perfect relevant procedures and formalities in the credit circulation of housing lands so as to realize the legitimate and effective circulation of rural housing lands and protect the peasants' interests.

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

高校“非升即走”制度下教师权益保障困境及破解路径

随着“非升即走”成为我国高等学校教师聘任的主流制度,高校教师的权益保障问题在人事制度改革和相关立法中的重要性和紧迫性日益凸显。结合理论研究和司法实践来看,我国高校教师面临的权益保障困境主要表现为“学术青椒”的尴尬:在“非升即走”聘用合同签订前,高校教师的法律身份模糊;在签订合同时,高校教师的主体性尤其是平等参与权缺失;在履行合同中,高校教师权利救济渠道不畅。这些问题的主要原因在于“学术锦标赛”的异化:高校人事管理的相关法律内容模糊、高校办学自主权边界不清和“非升即走”制度的价值偏离。破解“非升即走”制度下高校教师权益保障的现实困境的关键在于学术生态的优化:国家层面应明确“非升即走”聘用合同是“具有行政要素的劳动合同”的法律属性,重构高校教师“兼具公权与私权性质的特殊劳动者”的法律身份,完善高校教师聘任的相关法律体系;高校层面应重塑“非升即走”的制度价值,充分发挥制度的激励和促进作用,完善“非升即走”制度内容及配套措施,健全教师权益保障机制。

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women

ContentsChapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsChapter Ⅱ Political RightsChaptet Ⅲ Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and EducationChapter Ⅳ Rights and Interests Relating to WorkChapter Ⅴ Rights and Interests Relating to PropertyChapter Ⅵ Rights Relating to the PersonChapter Ⅶ Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and FamilyChapter Ⅷ Legal ResponsibilityChaptet Ⅸ Supplementary

SA8000标准与《中华人民共和国劳动法》比较分析

SA8000作为一个以保护劳工权益为内容的社会责任管理体系,从童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、 自由结社与集体谈判、平等就业、惩罚性措施、工作时间、工资薪酬、管理系统等九个方面给予企业规范性要 求。而《中华人民共和国劳动法》作为中国市场经济条件下保护劳动者权益的法律,对此也有明确规定。中国企 业应当按照《中华人民共和国劳动法》指引,完善企业劳动制度,才能应对SA8000标准的推行。

农村宅基地流转的法律现状·缺陷及对策——以农民权益保护为视角

从用途限制、方式限制、对象限制及禁止抵押等4个方面对农村宅基地有关的现行法律规定进行梳理,发现现行法律规定的不足,如物权弱化、房地一体主义的理论困惑、土地管理法中的漏洞、对城镇居民购买宅基地的限制等。道出宅基地流转限制的危害,如会导致宅基地隐形交易;导致土地闲置、资源浪费;导致农民融资难;损害了土地所有者(农村集体经济组织)的利益等。提出建立宅基地流转的法定租赁模式作为农村宅基地流转问题的出路,具体说明了宅基地法定租赁模式的含义,从主体、客体、内容3方面阐述了宅基地法定租赁模式的具体内容,并明确了如何解决卖掉房屋的农民的居住问题,如何处理超标占用宅基地、如何分配宅基地租金、如何健全宅基地债权式流转相关的程序和手续等问题,以实现农村宅基地合法有效的流转,维护农民权益。

无地农民产生原因、收入来源与生存现状研究——基于河北省32个县的调查分析

土地承包期延长30年不变的政策导致大量无地农民的产生,通过对河北省32个县、41个村、194户无地农民的成员构成、收入来源、权益保护以及所在地区政策执行程度及调整的问卷调查,分析了无地农民产生的原因与生存现状,并有针对性地提出了收回已经迁出人员土地、开发荒地增加耕地的数量、增加农民生产和生活支持力度、发展农产品加工业等相关对策,以解决无地农民的民生问题。

“地缘维权”组织与农民工的权益保障——基于对福建泉州农民工维权组织的考察

维护农民工权益的现行策略难以切实发挥有效作用,维权困境的根源在于农民工缺乏真正代表自身利益的组织。“以地缘为纽带的维权组织”的出现说明了农民工对于组织资源的渴望,这种维权方式有其特点与功能,同时也存在局限。建立正式的、合法的、以地缘为纽带的农民工维权组织,是维护和保障农民工权益的可能之举,政府应采取有效措施给予恰当的引导,以使其健康发展。

关于城市化进程中被征地农民的权益保障问题

研究目的:在中国城市化进程中,失地农民愈来愈多,在当前的制度安排下,失地农民面临着严重的生存与发展问题,提出了维护失地农民权益的思路与政策建议。研究方法:归纳分析法和文献资料法。研究结果:分析了当前失地农民权益受损的主要原因,指出了对待失地农民利益应遵循平等与公平、按市场经济规律办事以及共同富裕的原则,提出从严格界定“公共利益”;明晰集体土地产权,合理确定各土地产权的补偿标准;实施多元化的征地补偿方式,将失地农民纳入社会保障体系等保障失地农民权益的思路。研究结论:解决失地农民的生存与发展问题,让失地农民分享城市化与经济发展的成果,这才是真正的和谐社会,才是真正的城市化。

基于企业理论的“农民工”权益保护研究

随着农村劳动力的过剩,很多农民选择了城市务工,但是损害农民工权益的现象屡屡发生。研究"农民工"权益在企业的保护方案,首先要解决企业理论与"三农"政策的内在一致性。从原有企业理论出发,可以建立社会网络产业结构信息系统、各地区各行业"农民工"权益信息系统,给不同区域企业与"农民工"传递"农民工"权益及其变动信息,保护"农民工"的权益。

基于农户视角的农民土地权益保护机制研究

基于农户视角,利用中国大陆26个省份问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型从微观层面就农户自身能力及其可动员的资源对土地权益保护的影响进行实证分析,结果显示:农户在农村社区所拥有的政治资源以及参与合作社组织能够提高农户的农业经营满意度;农户自身拥有的谈判能力和缔约能力,以及通过参与合作社组织能够提高农户的农地流转满意度;农户拥有的政治资源能够提高农户的农地征用补偿满意度。

土地承包经营权出资中农民权益保护研究

随着土地承包经营权市场化的深入,土地承包经营权出资中农民权益保障问题亟待解决。通过对土地承包经营权进行物权性和社会保障性分析,阐明土地承包经营权出资理论基础,剖析土地承包经营权出资中农民权益缺损的制度瑕疵,从农民利益出发,对土地承包经营权出资进行立法、执法、司法及法律监督的制度构建。

论农村土地征收与农民权益保护

国家对农村集体所有土地的征收与农民财产权保护之间存在着冲突。因征收活动中公益目的泛化与征收程序失范,国家的征收权容易被滥用;加之补偿标准偏低与保障制度缺位,使农民的财产权益难以得到有效保护。规范政府的征地行为,保护被征地农民的权益已成为法治政府与和谐社会建设中的一项重要任务。基于此,可以采取下列措施:严格区分农地征收中的公益目的和非公益目的,规范农地征收的程序,解决农地征收中的公平补偿问题,强化对被征地农民权益的救济,建立健全被征地农民的保障机制等。