Protection of Women's Rights Means Human Rights Protection——Marking the 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

On December 18, 1979, the 34th General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women with an overwhelming majority of the votes in its favor. Over the past 30 years, the Convention has come to be known by increasing numbers of governments and people, particularly women＇s organizations. It has played an increasingly great role in protecting women＇s rights and enhancing women＇s status in society.

Conclusions on the Implementation of Regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions from 1996 to 2012 in the Chinese Mainland

The regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions(NSSMPR for short) is defined by the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters.The first stage of implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR in the Chinese mainland was finished from 1996 to 2005.The second stage is being carried on from 2006 to 2020.With the support of the National Social Science Foundation,this paper follows up and evaluates the implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR from 1996 to 2012 in the Chinese mainland.Based on analysis of earthquake examples and investigation data,we find that the effect of disaster mitigation is good,and on this basis,some suggestions are proposed to improve the regulation of NSSMPR.

论构建以私权利保护为中心的性骚扰法律规制体系

性骚扰以及规制性骚扰 ,既是一个社会问题 ,也是一个法律问题。从法律上研究性骚扰和规制性骚扰 ,一方面是要研究性骚扰行为的性质和构成以及法律制裁 ,另一方面更为重要的是要研究规制性骚扰制度的构建。后者的意义和价值更为重大。世界各国的规制性骚扰制度的历史 ,从一开始就是沿着两个方向发展的 ,一个是以职场的劳动者保护为中心 ,一个是以人的私权利保护为中心。中国特色的规制性骚扰法律制度 ,应当以人的私权利的保护为中心 ,保护人的性自主权不受非法侵害。

当代西方环境运动述评

环境问题已被公认为21世纪人类面临的最富有挑战性的课题之一。当代西方环境运动的发展主要经历了自然保护运动、环境保护主义和生态保护主义三个阶段。三阶段各有其表现特征、观点及主要团体的结构特点。当代西方环境运动对环境运动在中国的实施与发展有借鉴和启迪意义。

对英国媒介教育“保护主义”的诊断与超越——大卫·帕金翰的媒介教育思想及其启示

大卫.帕金翰是英国著名的媒介教育思想家,他在基于历史事实和时代发展状况的基础上,对英国媒介教育中的传统保护主义进行了诊断,指出"童年之死"是传统保护主义的最大恶果,并就此提出了"超越保护主义"的思想观点。在"超越保护主义"的设计上,帕金翰要求为儿童赋权,使媒介回归现实世界,成为可自主支配的教育资源。

健康与贸易,孰轻孰重?——SPS措施的保护目的探讨

卫生与植物检疫(SPS)措施是各国以科学为依据制定的保护消费者健康和环境安全的法规标准。随着SPS措施在国际贸易中的广泛使用,其保护目标常常被质疑是为了保护贸易,而非健康。本文基于2001—2018年WTO成员针对农产品的SPS通报数据,分别选取代表“健康保护”和“贸易保护”的指标,采用零膨胀负二项回归模型(ZINB),研究SPS措施的保护目的。结果发现,与健康相关的变量与WTO成员的SPS措施通报数显著相关,SPS措施主要是为了保护消费者的健康,但也存在贸易保护的嫌疑;发达国家SPS措施保护贸易的嫌疑更大;加工农产品SPS措施相比初级农产品更具有贸易保护倾向。

宪政视角下的地方利益

地方保护主义既是地方政权滥用权力的结果,也是中央与地方关系被政治化的后果。如果把地方保护主义视为中央保护主义的自然映射,那么,地方保护主义当中包含着地方利益这一合理内核。要构建健康的中央与地方关系,应当承认地方利益的合法性、合理性,并建立有效的地方利益表达机制。同时,应当以法律手段界定地方权力的范围及其运行模式,以保障地方利益的合法性、正当性。

当前金融保护主义的影响、趋势及对策

由美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机对实体经济和金融部门都造成了严重的冲击,欧美等发达经济体和印度、巴西等新兴市场国家经济增长放缓,不少国家陷入衰退。为防止危机进一步蔓延,对实体经济造成更严重的影响,金融保护主义成为一些国家的重要救市工具。本文对当前金融保护主义的形式、国内外影响和未来趋势进行了分析,并提出相应的策略应对金融保护主义的挑战,对我国金融市场的有序开放具有一定的借鉴意义。

从库尔博一案看欧盟竞争法对中国的启示

实行真正的社会主义市场经济体制，需要通过法制建设建立一个完善的公平竞争机制。鉴于欧洲国有企业垄断问题同样具有普遍性，欧盟竞争法似乎比美国竞争法在监控自然垄断和行政垄断方面更值得借鉴。本文通过以欧洲法院的一个具体案例--库尔博案，说明欧盟竞争法对完善中国竞争法的启示。

Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining

Aiming to address the following major engineering issues faced by the Pingdingshan No. 12 mine:(1) difficulty in implementing auxiliary lifting because of its depth(i.e., beyond 1000 m);(2) highly gassy main coal seam with low permeability;(3) unstable overlying coal seam without suitable conditions for implementing conventional mining techniques for protective coal seam; and(4) predominant reliance on ‘‘under three" coal resources to ensure production output. This study proposes an integrated, closed-cycle mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining(MDGBM) technique. The proposed approach involves the mining of protective coal seam, underground dressing of coal and gangue(UDCG), pressure relief and gas drainage before extraction, and backfilling and mining of the protected coal seam. A system for draining gas and mining the protective seam in the rock stratum is designed and implemented based on the geological conditions. This system helps in realizing pressure relief and gas drainage from the protective seam before extraction. Accordingly, another system, which is connected to the existing production system, is established for the UDCG based on the dense medium-shallow trough process. The mixed mining workface is designed to accommodate both solid backfill and conventional fully mechanized coal mining, thereby facilitating coal mining, USCG, and backfilling. The results show that: The mixed mining workface length for the Ji15-31010 protected seam was 220 m with coal production capacity 1.2 million tons per year, while the backfill capacity of gangue was 0.5 million tons per year. The gas pressure decreased from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, and the total amount of safely mined coal was 1.34 million tons. The process of simultaneously exploiting coal and draining gas was found to be safe, efficient, and green.This process also yielded significant economic benefits.

A Numerical Investigation of the Stress Relief Zones Around a Longwall Face in the Lower Seam for Gas Drainage Considerations

Extraction of a protective coal seam (PVCS)-below or above a coal seam to be mined with the potential of coal andgas outburst risk-plays an important role not only in decreasing the stress field in the surrounding rock mass but alsoin increasing the gas desorption capacity and gas flow permeability in the protected coal seam (PTCS). The PVCSis mined to guarantee the safe mining of the PTCS. This study has numerically evaluated the stress redistributioneffects using FLAC3D model for a longwall face in Shanxi Province. The effects of mining depth, mining height andinter-burden rock mass properties were evaluated using the stress relief angle and stress relief coefficient. Verticalstress distribution, stress relief angle and stress relief coefficient in the PTCS were analyzed as the face advancedin the PVCS. The results showed that the stress relief achieved in different locations of the PTCS varied as the faceadvanced. Sensitivity analyses on the pertinent variables indicate that the stress relief in the PTCS is affected mostby the mining depth followed by the inter-burden lithology and the mining height. Furthermore, the elastic moduliof different layers within the inter-burden rock mass are more important than their uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) and Poisson’s ratio. These observations can guide gas drainage borehole design to minimize the accidentsof coal and gas outbursts.

Unequal Error Protection Based on Expanding Window Fountain for Object-Based 3D Audio

This paper proposes an unequal error protection（UEP）coding method to improve the transmission performance of three-dimensional（3D）audio based on expanding window fountain（EWF）.Different from other transmissions with equal error protection（EEP）when transmitting the 3D audio objects.An approach of extracting the important audio object is presented,and more protection is given to more important audio object and comparatively less protection is given to the normal audio objects.Objective and subjective experiments have shown that the proposed UEP method achieves better performance than equal error protection method,while the bits error rates（BER）of the important audio object can decrease from 10^（–3） to 10^（–4）,and the subjective quality of UEP is better than that of EEP by 14%.

国际经济保护主义与经济全球化的调整期

在当今全球各国涌动蔓延的保护主义浪潮,突破了传统的贸易保护主义框架,广泛渗透和覆盖至国际经济的各个领域。国际经济保护主义体现为以保护本国经济利益为目的的阻碍甚至逆转经济全球化的政策措施的总和,是经济全球化与各国自身经济利益之间的潜在冲突在经济衰退期内集中爆发所引发的必然调整。它并非是一个不断加剧的过程,而是与经济周期直接联系、在全球经济复苏的脆弱期集中兴起的。面对这一特殊形势,中国要注重短期的应对策略与长期的产业创新规划相结合,并特别关注下一个新科技革命的到来。

美国媒体素养教育理念变迁分析——从“保护主义”到“超越保护主义”

美国的媒体素养教育实施时间并不长,但积累的丰富经验值得中国借鉴。本文主要从文化观念、媒介生态环境以及师生角色定位三方面分析了美国的媒体素养教育从"保护主义"到"超越保护主义"的变迁过程,以期为中国媒体素养教育的发展提供借鉴。

印度的安全保护主义与中国

贸易保护主义是经常被提到的经济学专门词汇,然而安全保护主义对国家经贸关系的影响有时比经贸保护主义的影响还要大。贸易保护主义与安全保护主义密切相关,但是两者有一定的区别。贸易保护主义的范围广、指标模糊、界定抽象,而安全保护主义则恰恰相反。安全保护主义涉及到中印关系与发展的陆基设施、海基设施和网络设施三个主要领域,其可以界定为一个国家出于安全考虑或解释来限制它和另外一个国家的贸易合作。本文将提供讨论的基础,并列举一些安全保护主义案例来促进双方对这个概念与后果的认识。