Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples were collected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing from March to May 2001....Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples were collected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing from March to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg, Al, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while the enrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low during the dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data show that the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors to the particles in Beijing.展开更多
To develop a microbe-based bioremediation strategy for cleaning up thorium-contaminated sites, we have investigated the biosorption behavior and mechanism of thorium on Bacillus sp. dwc-2, one of the dominant species ...To develop a microbe-based bioremediation strategy for cleaning up thorium-contaminated sites, we have investigated the biosorption behavior and mechanism of thorium on Bacillus sp. dwc-2, one of the dominant species of bacterial groups isolated from soils in Southwest China. Thorium biosorption depended on the p H of environment, and its rapid biosorption reached a maximum of up to 10.75 mg Th per gram of the bacteria(wet wt.) at pH 3.0. The biosorption agreed bettter with Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich model, indicating that thorium biosorption was a monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters, negative change in Gibbs free energy and positive value in enthalpy and entropy, suggested that the biosorption was spontaneous,more favorable at higher temperature and endothermic process with an increase of entropy. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) indicated that thorium initially binded with the cell surface, while transmission electron microscopy(TEM) revealed that Th deposited in the cytoplasm and served as cores for growth of element precipitation(e.g., phosphate minerals) or by self-precipitation of hydroxides, which is probably controlled by ion-exchange, as evidenced by particle induced X-ray emission(PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry(EPBS). Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) further indicated that thorium biosorption involved carboxyl and phosphate groups and protein in complexation or electrostatic interaction. Overall results indicated that a combined electrostatic interaction-complexation-ion exchange mechanism could be involved in thorium biosorption by Bacillus sp. dwc-2.展开更多
The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is used to determine the chemical ingredients of seven main elements in the samples of Ru Guan porcelain glazes and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln in Baofeng County a...The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is used to determine the chemical ingredients of seven main elements in the samples of Ru Guan porcelain glazes and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln in Baofeng County and the samples of celadon glaze from Zhanggongxiang kiln in Ruzhou City. The PIXE data are then analyzed by scatter analysis and fuzzy cluster method for determining their classification and provenance. The results show that there are obvious differences between the ingredients of glaze material of Ru Guan porcelain and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln, of which the former ingredients are stable and its source is localized, and that the sources and ingredients of the glaze of Ru Guan porcelain and those of celadon glaze from Zhanggongxiang kiln are not wholly the same, of which the latter sources are much scattering.展开更多
基金supported by China National Key Basic Research Science Foundation Project(G1999043400)the Hundred Talents Program(Global Environmental Change)by the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40205017)Social Commonweal Research Project(2002DIA20012)by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples were collected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing from March to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg, Al, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while the enrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low during the dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data show that the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors to the particles in Beijing.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21071102 and 91126013)Joint Funds of China National Natural Science Foundation and China Academy of Engineering Physics(No.U1330125)the National Fund of China for Fostering Talents in Basic Science(No.J1210004)
文摘To develop a microbe-based bioremediation strategy for cleaning up thorium-contaminated sites, we have investigated the biosorption behavior and mechanism of thorium on Bacillus sp. dwc-2, one of the dominant species of bacterial groups isolated from soils in Southwest China. Thorium biosorption depended on the p H of environment, and its rapid biosorption reached a maximum of up to 10.75 mg Th per gram of the bacteria(wet wt.) at pH 3.0. The biosorption agreed bettter with Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich model, indicating that thorium biosorption was a monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters, negative change in Gibbs free energy and positive value in enthalpy and entropy, suggested that the biosorption was spontaneous,more favorable at higher temperature and endothermic process with an increase of entropy. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) indicated that thorium initially binded with the cell surface, while transmission electron microscopy(TEM) revealed that Th deposited in the cytoplasm and served as cores for growth of element precipitation(e.g., phosphate minerals) or by self-precipitation of hydroxides, which is probably controlled by ion-exchange, as evidenced by particle induced X-ray emission(PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry(EPBS). Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) further indicated that thorium biosorption involved carboxyl and phosphate groups and protein in complexation or electrostatic interaction. Overall results indicated that a combined electrostatic interaction-complexation-ion exchange mechanism could be involved in thorium biosorption by Bacillus sp. dwc-2.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10205013, 50572097, 50432010) the Crackajack Youth Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 0612000300)+2 种基金 the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 0511013900)the Foundation of Henan Education Office (Grant No. 200510459008)the Open Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the primary study construction of "the Tenth Five-year Plan" and "211 Project" of Zhengzhou University-Chinese Ancient Civilization and Archaeology.
文摘The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is used to determine the chemical ingredients of seven main elements in the samples of Ru Guan porcelain glazes and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln in Baofeng County and the samples of celadon glaze from Zhanggongxiang kiln in Ruzhou City. The PIXE data are then analyzed by scatter analysis and fuzzy cluster method for determining their classification and provenance. The results show that there are obvious differences between the ingredients of glaze material of Ru Guan porcelain and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln, of which the former ingredients are stable and its source is localized, and that the sources and ingredients of the glaze of Ru Guan porcelain and those of celadon glaze from Zhanggongxiang kiln are not wholly the same, of which the latter sources are much scattering.
