In proximal humeral fracture except AO classification 11A1, fixations with a locking plate and nails are recommended. We performed mechanical tests to investigate whether retrograde intramedullary nailing has fixation...In proximal humeral fracture except AO classification 11A1, fixations with a locking plate and nails are recommended. We performed mechanical tests to investigate whether retrograde intramedullary nailing has fixation stability comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nailing and locking plate which achieve clinically favorable outcomes. In retrograde intramedullary nailing, a nail entry point is made in the diaphysis, for which reduction of stiffness of the humerus is of concern. Thus, we investigated the influence of a nail entry point made in the diaphysis on humeral strength. Retrograde intramedullary nailing had fixation stability against bending and a force loaded in the rotation direction comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nail and locking plate. Displacement by the main external force loaded on the humerus, compressive load, was less than half in the bone fixed by retrograde intramedullary nailing compared with that in the bone fixed with a locking plate, showing favorable fixation stability. It was clarified that stiffness of the humerus against rotation and a load in the compression direction is not reduced by a nail entry point made by retrograde intramedullary nailing.展开更多
Objective：To evaluate functional outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral internal locking system （PHILOS） plate for proximal humerus fractures.Methods：We reviewed 51...Objective：To evaluate functional outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral internal locking system （PHILOS） plate for proximal humerus fractures.Methods：We reviewed 51 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with PHILOS plate between the years 2007 to 2012.There were 35 men and 16 women with a mean age of 38 years （range 24-68）.There were 41 patients in the age group of ＜60 years and 10 patients in the age group of ＞60 years.According to Neer classification system,8,15 and 23 patients had 2-part,3-part,and 4-part fractures,respectively and 5 patients had 4-part fracture dislocation.All surgeries were carried out at our tertiary care trauma centre.Functional evaluation of the shoulder at final follow-up was done using Constant-Murley score.Results：The mean follow-up period was 30 months （range 12-44 months）.Two patients were lost to followup.Of the remaining 49 patients,all fractures were united clinically and radiologically.The mean time for radiological union was 12 weeks （range 8-20 weeks）.At the final follow-up the mean Constant-Murley score was 79 （range 50-100）.The results were excellent in 25 patients,good in 13 patients,fair in 6 patients and poor in 5 patients.During the follow-up,four cases of varus malunion,one case of subacromial impingement,one case of deep infection,one case of intraarticular screw penetration and one case of failure of fixation were noted.No cases of avascular necrosis,hardware failure,locking screw loosening or nonunion were noted.Conclusion：PHILOS provides stable fixation in proximal humerus fractures.To prevent potential complications like avascular necrosis,meticulous surgical dissection to preserve vascularity of humeral head is necessary.展开更多
文摘In proximal humeral fracture except AO classification 11A1, fixations with a locking plate and nails are recommended. We performed mechanical tests to investigate whether retrograde intramedullary nailing has fixation stability comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nailing and locking plate which achieve clinically favorable outcomes. In retrograde intramedullary nailing, a nail entry point is made in the diaphysis, for which reduction of stiffness of the humerus is of concern. Thus, we investigated the influence of a nail entry point made in the diaphysis on humeral strength. Retrograde intramedullary nailing had fixation stability against bending and a force loaded in the rotation direction comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nail and locking plate. Displacement by the main external force loaded on the humerus, compressive load, was less than half in the bone fixed by retrograde intramedullary nailing compared with that in the bone fixed with a locking plate, showing favorable fixation stability. It was clarified that stiffness of the humerus against rotation and a load in the compression direction is not reduced by a nail entry point made by retrograde intramedullary nailing.
文摘Objective：To evaluate functional outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral internal locking system （PHILOS） plate for proximal humerus fractures.Methods：We reviewed 51 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with PHILOS plate between the years 2007 to 2012.There were 35 men and 16 women with a mean age of 38 years （range 24-68）.There were 41 patients in the age group of ＜60 years and 10 patients in the age group of ＞60 years.According to Neer classification system,8,15 and 23 patients had 2-part,3-part,and 4-part fractures,respectively and 5 patients had 4-part fracture dislocation.All surgeries were carried out at our tertiary care trauma centre.Functional evaluation of the shoulder at final follow-up was done using Constant-Murley score.Results：The mean follow-up period was 30 months （range 12-44 months）.Two patients were lost to followup.Of the remaining 49 patients,all fractures were united clinically and radiologically.The mean time for radiological union was 12 weeks （range 8-20 weeks）.At the final follow-up the mean Constant-Murley score was 79 （range 50-100）.The results were excellent in 25 patients,good in 13 patients,fair in 6 patients and poor in 5 patients.During the follow-up,four cases of varus malunion,one case of subacromial impingement,one case of deep infection,one case of intraarticular screw penetration and one case of failure of fixation were noted.No cases of avascular necrosis,hardware failure,locking screw loosening or nonunion were noted.Conclusion：PHILOS provides stable fixation in proximal humerus fractures.To prevent potential complications like avascular necrosis,meticulous surgical dissection to preserve vascularity of humeral head is necessary.
