废烟气脱硝催化剂中TiO_(2)资源化回收实验研究

采用高温碱浸和酸洗的方法对废选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂进行处理,研究碱浸和酸洗对催化剂各组分的浸出效果,考察温度对催化剂浸出行为的影响规律。结果表明,碱浸温度的提高促进V和W的浸出,210℃时V和W的浸出率分别为82.38%和74.92%。经高温碱浸和酸洗处理后,Al、Ca、Na等杂质的最高浸出率均可达98%以上,回收TiO_(2)的纯度较高,可用于生产新催化剂。高温碱浸会破坏催化剂的结构,有利于后续HCl处理对杂质的去除,除杂效果优于直接酸洗处理。高温碱浸过程中会生成Na_(2)TiO_(3),经HCl反应并水解后会形成新的TiO_(2)颗粒,形成更多的小孔,比表面积增大。

Propene and CO oxidation on Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^(2-) diesel oxidation catalysts:Effect of sulfate on activity and stability

Platinum/cerium-zirconium-sulfate（Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-）） catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation.Catalytic activities were evaluated from the combustion of propene and CO.Sulfate（SO_4^（2-））addition improved the catalytic activity significantly.When using Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） with 10 wt%SO_4^（2-）,the temperature for 90%conversion of propene and CO decreased by 75℃ compared with Pt/Ce-Zr.The conversion exceeded 95%at 240℃ even after 0.02%sulfur dioxide poisoning for 20 h.Temperature-programmed desorption of CO and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed an improvement in Pt dispersion onto the Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） support,and the increased number of Pt particles built up more Pt^（-）-（SO_4^（2-））^（-） couples,which resulted in excellent activity.The increased total acidity and new Bronsted acid sites on the surface provided the Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） with good sulfur resistance.

紫外光促进电子迁移对Pt/TiO_(2)催化剂CO催化氧化性能的影响

为了提高CO催化氧化性能,将Pt/TiO_(2)催化剂在液相中进行紫外照射预处理以增加电子−空穴迁移速率,诱导Pt颗粒长大,然后制备不同UV照射时间的Pt/TiO_(2)催化剂,测试样品的催化性能和氧化能力,表征样品表面的活性颗粒直径、金属分散度和元素价态,并利用原位红外光谱研究CO催化反应机理的变化。研究结果表明,制备的Pt颗粒直径为1~2 nm,经过8 h UV预处理的Pt/TiO_(2)催化剂颗粒直径最大,Pt0含量增加,且具有最佳的CO催化性能,CO的完全转化温度降低了约45℃,活性位点的TOF提高15倍。通过对反应机理的分析发现,UV照射能减少副反应发生,提高CO转化率。

基于晶格匹配Pt-Co-ZnO三元界面催化剂设计及其催化CO_(2)加氢性能

针对精准构建多组分固体催化剂纳米多元界面的难题,鉴于六方晶型氧化亚钴(hcp-CoO)与氧化锌(ZnO)具有超高的晶格匹配度(大于99.8%),采用晶格匹配策略定向构建Pt-Co-ZnO三元界面,设计合成了三元催化剂Pt-ZnO@CoO,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、扫描透射电镜(STEM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、二氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO_(2)-TPD)等方法对其形貌、元素分布、物相结构、元素含量、还原能力和吸附能力进行了表征,进而在固定床反应器上评价了其CO_(2)加氢反应的催化性能。结果表明:在制备的Pt-ZnO@CoO催化剂上,Co、Pt均高度分散于ZnO表面;催化剂经过还原处理,CoO和Pt前体被还原为纳米颗粒,从而形成Pt-Co-ZnO三元界面;Pt-ZnO@CoO催化剂对CO_(2)加氢反应显示出优异的催化活性和稳定性,这是因为其具有高密度的界面位点、较强的还原能力和较强的CO_(2)吸附能力。

Hydrogen production performance of the non⁃platinum⁃based MoS_(2)/CuS cathode in microbial electrolytic cells

MoS_(2)/CuS composite catalysts were successfully synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method with sodium molybdate dihydrate,thiourea,oxalic acid,and copper nitrate trihydrate as raw materials.The hydrogen pro-duction performance of MoS_(2)/CuS prepared with different molar ratios of Mo to Cu precursors(n_(Mo)∶n_(Cu))as cathodic catalysts was investigated in the two-chamber microbial electrolytic cell(MEC).X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),linear scanning voltammetry(LSV),electrochemical impedance analysis(EIS),and cyclic voltammetry(CV)were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts for testing and analyzing the hydrogen-producing performance.The results showed that the hydrogen evolution performance of MoS_(2)/CuS-20%(nMo∶nCu=5∶1)was better than that of platinum(Pt)mesh,and the hydrogen production rate of MoS_(2)/CuS-20%as a cathode in MEC was(0.2031±0.0237)m^(3)_(H_(2))·m^(-3)·d^(-1) for 72 h at an applied voltage of 0.8 V,which was slightly higher than that of Pt mesh of(0.1886±0.0134)m^(3)_(H_(2))·m^(-3)·d^(-1).The addition of a certain amount of CuS not only regulates the electron transfer ability of MoS_(2) but also increases the density of active sites.

Enhanced CO oxidation over potassium-promoted Pt/Al_2O_3 catalysts:Kinetic and infrared spectroscopic study

A series of K-promoted Pt/Al2O3 catalysts were tested for CO oxidation. It was found that the addition of K significantly enhanced the activity. A detailed kinetic study showed that the activation energies of the K-containing catalysts were lower than those of the K-free ones, particularly for catalysts with high Pt contents （51.6 k）/mol for 0.42K-2.0Pt/Al2O3 and 6：3.6 kJ/mol for 2.0Pt/Al2O3 ）. The CO reaction orders were higher for the K-containing catalysts （about -0.2） than for the K-free ones （about -0.5）, with the former having much lower equilibrium constants for CO adsorption than the latter. In situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that surface CO desorption from the 0.42K-2.0Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was easier than from 2.0Pt/Al2O3. The promoting effect of K was therefore caused by weakening of the interactions between CO and surface Pt atoms. This decreased coverage of the catalyst with CO and facilitated competitive O2 chemisorption on the Pt surface, and significantly lowered the reaction barrier between chemisorbed CO and O2 species.

Catalytic oxidation of low concentration formaldehyde over Pt/TiO_(2) catalyst

Formaldehyde(HCHO) is an important indoor pollutant.Catalytic oxidize low concentration HCHO is an effective way to eliminate indoor pollution.In this study,a series of Pt/TiO_(2) catalysts are prepared by impregnation and reduced by NaBH_4.The effects of loading amount of Pt and cry stal type of TiO_(2) on the physical and chemical properties and the catalytic performance in HCHO oxidation reaction are investigated.The results show that the quantity of active site and the oxygen vacancy of catalysts increa sed with increasing Pt content,which is beneficial to promote the further performance of catalysts.Nevertheless,with the further rises of Pt content,the specific surface area further decreases,and the proportion of Pt^(2+) species on the catalyst surface which is significant to catalytic properties also decreases,causing catalytic performance decreases.Compared with the catalyst supporting on rutile,the Pt/α-TiO_(2) catalyst supporting on anatase has larger specific surface area,more Pt^(2+) phase and easier to form oxygen vacancy in the support,which cause better catalytic performance.The catalyst with Pt content of0.1 wt% and supported by anatase TiO_(2) has the best catalytic performance.The HCHO conversion efficiency reaches 98% and 100% at 50℃ and 100 ℃, and the stabilization time is longer than 140 h.

Identification of relevant active sites and a mechanism study for reverse water gas shift reaction over Pt/CeO_2 catalysts

Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction can serve as a pivotal stage in the CO2 conversion processes, which is vital for the utilization of CO2. In this study, RWGS reaction was performed over Pt/CeO2 catalysts at the temperature range of 200-500 degrees C under ambient pressure. Compared with pure CeO2, Pt/CeO2 catalysts exhibited superior RWGS activity at lower reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the calculated TOF and E-a values are approximately the same over these Pt/CeO2 catalysts pretreated under various calcination conditions, indicating that the RWGS reaction is not affected by the morphologies of anchored Pt nanoparticles or the primary crystallinity of CeO2. TPR and XPS results indicated that the incorporation of Pt promoted the reducibility of CeO2 support and remarkably increased the content of Ce 3 + sites on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, the CO TPSR-MS signal under the condition of pure CO2 flow over Pt/CeO 2 catalyst is far lower than that under the condition of adsorbed CO2 with H-2 -assisted flow, revealing that CO2 molecules adsorbed on Ce3+ active sites have difficult in generating CO directly. Meanwhile, the adsorbed CO2 with the assistance of H-2 can form formate species easily over Ce3+ active sites and then decompose into Ce3+-CO species for CO production, which was identified by in-situ FTIR. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B. V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles supported on double-shelled C/TiO2 hollow spheres material as highly efficient methanol oxidation catalysts

Catalyst support is extremely important for future fuel cell devices.In this work,we developed doubleshelled C/TiO2(DSCT)hollow spheres as an excellent catalyst support via a template-directed method.The combination of hollow structure,TiO2 shell and carbon layer results in excellent electron conductivity,electrocatalytic activity,and chemical stability.These uniformed DSCT hollow spheres are used as catalyst support to synthesize Pt/DSCT hollow spheres electrocatalyst.The resulting Pt/DSCT hollow spheres exhibited high catalytic performance with a current density of 462 mA mg^-1 for methanol oxidation reaction,which is 2.52 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C.Furthermore,the increased tolerance to carbonaceous poisoning with a higher If/Ibratio and a better long-term stability in acid media suggests that the DSCT hollow sphere is a promising C/TiO2-based catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells applications.

Evaluation of H2 Influence on the Evolution Mechanism of NOx Storage and Reduction over Pt–Ba–Ce/c-Al2O3 Catalysts

In this investigation, Pt–Ba–Ce/c-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of H2 on the evolution mechanism of nitrogen oxides (NOx) storage and reduction (NSR). The physical and chemical properties of the Pt–Ba–Ce/c- Al2O3 catalysts were studied using a combination of characterization techniques, which showed that PtOx, CeO2, and BaCO3, whose peaks were observed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, dispersed well on the c-Al2O3, as shown by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and that the difference between Ce3+ and Ce4+, as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), facilitated the migration of active oxygen over the catalyst. In the process of a complete NSR experiment, the NOx storage capability was greatly enhanced in the temperature range of 250–350℃, and reached a maximum value of 315.3μmol·gcat^-1 at 350℃, which was ascribed to the increase in NO2 yield. In a lean and rich cycling experiment, the results showed that NOx storage efficiency and conversion were increased when the time of H2 exposure (i.e., 30, 45, and 60 s) was extended. The maximum NOx conversion of the catalyst reached 83.5% when the duration of the lean and rich phases was 240 and 60 s, respectively. The results revealed that increasing the content of H2 by an appropriate amount was favorable to the NSR mechanism due to increased decomposition of nitrate or nitrite, and the refreshing of trapping sites for the next cycle of NSR.

Boosting the water gas shift reaction on Pt/CeO_(2)-based nanocatalysts by compositional modification: Support doping versus bimetallic alloying

The water gas shift reaction is of vital significance for the generation and transition of energy due to the application in hydrogen production and industries such as ammonia synthesis and fuel cells.The influence of support doping and bimetallic alloying on the catalytic performance of Pt/Ce O_(2)-based nanocatalysts in water gas shift reaction was reported in this work.Various lanthanide ions and 3d transition metals were respectively introduced into the Ce O_(2)support or Pt to form Pt/Ce O_(2):Ln(Ln=La,Nd,Gd,Tb,Yb)and Pt M/Ce O_(2)(M=Fe,Co,Ni)nanocatalysts.The sample of Pt/Ce O_(2):Tb showed the highest activity(TOF at 200℃=0.051 s^(-1))among the Pt/Ce O_(2):Ln and the undoped Pt/Ce O_(2)catalysts.Besides,the sample of Pt Fe/Ce O_(2)exhibited the highest activity(TOF at 200℃=0.12 s^(-1))among Pt M/Ce O_(2)catalysts.The results of the multiple characterizations indicated that the catalytic activity of Pt/Ce O_(2):Ln catalysts was closely correlated with the amount of oxygen vacancies in doped ceria support.However,the different activity of Pt M/Ce O_(2)bimetallic catalysts was owing to the various Pt oxidation states of the bimetals dispersed on ceria.The study of the reaction pathway indicated that both the samples of Pt/Ce O_(2)and Pt/Ce O_(2):Tb catalyzed the reaction through the formate pathway,and the enhanced activity of the latter derived from the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies along with promoted water dissociation.As for the sample of Pt Fe/Ce O_(2),its catalytic mechanism was the carboxyl route with a higher reaction rate due to the moderate valence of Pt along with improved CO activation.

Fabrication of C@MoxTi1-xO2-δ nanocrystalline with functionalized interface as efficient and robust PtRu catalyst support for methanol electrooxidation

A core shell structured C@MoxTi1-xO2-δnanocrystal with a functionalized interface(C@MTNC-FI)was fabricated via the hydrothermal method with subsequent annealing derived from tetrabutyl orthotitanate.The formation of anatase TiO2 was inhibited by the simultaneous presence of the hydrothermal etching/regrowth process,infiltration of Mo dopants and carbon coating,which endows the C@MTNC-FI with an ultrafine crystalline architecture that has a Mo-functionalized interface and carbon-coated shell.Pt Ru nanoparticles(NPs)were supported on C@MTNC-FI by employing a microwave-assisted polyol process(MAPP).The obtained Pt Ru/C@MTNC-FI catalyst has 2.68 times higher mass activity towards methanol electrooxidation than that of the un-functionalized catalyst(Pt Ru/C@TNC)and 1.65 times higher mass activity than that of Pt Ru/C catalyst with over 25%increase in durability.The improved catalytic performance is due to several aspects including ultrafine crystals of TiO2 with abundant grain boundaries,Mofunctionalized interface with enhanced electron interactions,and core shell architecture with excellent electrical transport properties.This work suggests the potential application of an interface-functionalized crystalline material as a sustainable and clean energy solution.

Synthesis and study of λ-MnO_2 supported Pt nanocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

A λ-MnO2 supported Pt nanocatalyst（5 wt.% Pt/λ-MnO2） was synthesized using a facile approach.X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, scanning electronic microscope（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） were used for catalyst structure and morphology characterization, which showed that the metallic Pt particles were attached on a λ-MnO2 surface through the interaction between Pt and λ-MnO2.Cyclic voltammetry（CV） was used to test the catalytic activity of Pt/λ-MnO2 toward methanol oxidation, which showed that Pt/λ-MnO2 catalyst has much higher catalytic activity than baseline Pt/C catalyst.

Different roles of MoO_(3)and Nb_(2)O_(5)promotion in short-chain alkane combustion over Pt/ZrO_(2)catalysts

Pt/ZrO_(2)catalysts promoted with MoO_(3)and Nb_(2)O_(5)were tested for the combustion of short-chain alkanes(namely,methane,ethane,propane,and n-hexane).For short-chain alkane combustion,the inhibition of MoO_(3)(for the methane reaction)dramatically transformed to promotion(for the ethane,propane,and n-hexane reactions)as the carbon chain length increased,whereas the remarkable promotion of Nb_(2)O_(5)gradually weakened with an increase in the carbon chain length.Based on a detailed study of the oxidation reactions of methane and propane over the catalysts,the different roles of the promoters in the reactions were ascribed to differences in the acidic properties of the surface and the oxidation or reduction states of the Pt species.The MoO_(3)promoter could decorate the surface of the Pt species for a Pt-Mo/ZrO_(2)catalyst,whereas the Nb_(2)O_(5)promoter on the support could be partially covered by Pt particles for a Pt-Nb/ZrO_(2)catalyst.The formation of accessible Pt-MoO_(3)interfacial sites,a high concentration of metallic Pt species,and a high surface acidity in Pt-Mo/ZrO_(2)were responsible for the enhanced activity for catalytic propane combustion.The lack of enough accessible Pt-Nb_(2)O_(5)interfacial sites but an enhanced surface acid sites in Pt-Nb/ZrO_(2)explained the slight improvement in activity for catalytic propane combustion.However,the stabilized Pt^(n+)species in Pt-Nb/ZrO_(2)were responsible for the much-improved activity for methane combustion,whereas the Pt^(n+)species in Pt-Mo/ZrO_(2)could be reduced during the oxidation reaction,and the fewer exposed surface Pt species because of MoO_(3)decoration accounted for the inhibited activity for methane combustion.In addition,it can be concluded that MoO_(3)promotion is favorable for the activation of C-C bonds,whereas Nb_(2)O_(5)promotion is more beneficial for the activation of C-H bonds with high energy.

NOx storage and reduction assisted by non-thermal plasma over Co/Pt/Ba/γ-Al2O3 catalyst using CH_(4) as reductant

NOx storage and reduction(NSR)technology has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies for the removal of nitric oxides(NOx)from lean-burn engines,and the potential of the plasma catalysis method for NOx reduction has been confirmed in the past few decades.This work reports the NSR of nitric oxide(NO)by combining non-thermal plasma(NTP)and Co/Pt/Ba/γ-Al2O3(Co/PBA)catalyst using methane as a reductant.The experimental results reveal that the NOx conversion of NSR assisted by NTP is notably enhanced compared to the catalytic efficiency obtained from NSR in the range of 150°C–350°C,and NOx conversion of the 8%Co/PBA catalyst reaches 96.8%at 350°C.Oxygen(O_(2))has a significant effect on the removal of NOx,and the NOx conversion increases firstly and then decreases when the O_(2)concentration ranges from 2%to 10%.Water vapor reduces the NOx storage capacity of Co/PBA catalysts on account of the competition for adsorption sites on the surface of Co/PBA catalysts.There is a negative correlation between sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and NOx conversion in the NTP system,and the 8%Co/PBA catalyst exhibits higher NOx conversion compared to other catalysts,which shows that Co has a certain SO_(2)resistance.

Pt-SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)-WO_(3)固体超强酸催化剂的制备及其异构化性能评价

在Pt-SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)固体超强酸中引入WO_(3)制备了Pt-SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)-WO_(3)固体超强酸催化剂,采用N 2吸附-脱附、XRD、TPD、TPR和Py-IR等手段对所制备催化剂进行了分析表征;在5 mL连续固定床反应装置上,考察了WO_(3)含量对Pt-SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)-WO_(3)催化剂作用下正己烷临氢异构化反应活性的影响。结果表明:WO_(3)的引入能够显著调节Pt-SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)-WO_(3)催化剂中四方晶相ZrO_(2)含量、比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径和酸量等,使暴露在催化剂表面的活性中心明显增加;在反应温度240℃、反应压力2.0 MPa、体积空速1.0 h-1、氢气/正己烷体积比600的条件下,WO_(3)质量分数16%的Pt-SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)-WO_(3)催化剂的异构化活性最高,正己烷转化率为82.27%,异构化率为81.32%,二甲基丁烷选择性为34.28%。

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE POLARIZING FORCE OF CATIONS AND THE ELECTROPHILIC CHARACTER AND CATALYTIC PERFORMANCES OF PROMOTED Pt-Al_2O_3 CATALYST

The electronic modification effect of various metal oxides over Pt-Al;O;catalyst andthe relationships between the polarizing force of cations（PFC）and the electrophiliccharacter（EC）and catalytic performances（CP）of promoted Pt catalyst have been studiecby competitive hydrogenation reaction method（CHRM）and test reaction,i.e.hydrogena-tion of benzene and hydrogenolysis of cyclopentane.

碳载Pt-TiO_2复合催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

报道了通过化学还原和溶胶 -凝胶法制备不同组成的 Pt-Ti O2 /C催化剂及其对甲醇的氧化反应 .结果表明 ,该催化剂具有很好的电催化活性和稳定性 .催化剂中的 Ti和 Pt的原子比为 1 /2时 ,催化剂的性能最好 .在 5 0 0℃下热处理后 ,催化剂的性能得到进一步的改善 .这种催化剂有望能在 DMFC中获得实际使用 .

Pt/TiO_2/ZSM-5催化剂的制备及其催化转化正丁烷

采用溶胶-凝胶法和等体积浸渍法,分别对ZSM-5分子筛进行Ti O2改性和Pt负载,获得了具有脱氢-裂解双功能的Pt/Ti O2/ZSM-5催化剂,采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、TEM、XPS和NH3-TPD对样品的晶体结构,孔结构、形貌、活性金属价态和酸性质等进行了表征,并研究了正丁烷在此催化剂上催化转化制备低碳烯烃的反应规律。研究结果表明,Ti O2的引入,一方面使得改性后的ZSM-5分子筛获得了额外的酸性中心,特别是强酸性位含量的增加,有助于促进正丁烷的活化;另一方面Pt与Ti O2之间存在＂金属-载体＂强相互作用（SMSI）,在H2还原气氛下,Pt能够促进Ti O2的还原,生成Ti3＋物种,而Ti3＋的存在增加了Pt周围的电荷密度,降低了Pt对低碳烯烃（2C^=-3C^=）的吸附能力,抑制了深度脱氢和生焦反应,从而提高双功能催化剂对烯烃的选择性。当H2还原温度为450℃时,Pt/10Ti O2/ZSM-5催化剂在625℃下的正丁烷转化率为76.1%,低碳烯烃（2C^=-3C^=）收率为50.9%,分别比Pt/ZSM-5催化剂提高了16.7%和12.6%。

Pt、N共掺杂TiO_2在可见光下对三氯乙酸的催化降解作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂纳米TiO2(N-TiO2),并用光分解沉积法在N-TiO2表面负载微量金属Pt(0.5%(w)),形成铂-氮共掺杂纳米TiO2(Pt/N-TiO2).实验结果表明,Pt、N共掺杂纳米TiO2紫外可见光吸收边带较纳米TiO2红移约20nm,并在400～500nm处有弱的吸收.Pt/N-TiO2电极在可见光区的光电流约为纳米TiO2电极的6倍.以Pt/N-TiO2为催化剂,催化三氯乙酸(TCA)光降解反应,室温下经可见光照射2h后TCA降解率约为8%.N掺杂减小了TiO2的禁带能隙,使它在可见光区具有光催化活性,适量Pt掺杂抑制了光生载流子的复合,加速了电子界面传递速度,Pt、N共掺杂使两种效应相结合,进一步提高了光催化反应性能.