Predicting the Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Constructing a Prognostic Model Based on CD8+T Cell-Related Immune Genes

Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)poses a significant challenge for treatment efficacy.CD8+T cells,which are pivotal immune cells,can be effectively analyzed for differential gene expression across diverse cell populations owing to rapid advancements in sequencing technology.By leveraging these genes,our objective was to develop a prognostic model that accurately predicts the prognosis of patients with TNBC and their responsiveness to immunotherapy.Methods Sample information and clinical data of TNBC were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and METABRIC databases.In the initial stage,we identified 67 differentially expressed genes associated with immune response in CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we narrowed our focus to three key genes,namely CXCL13,GBP2,and GZMB,which were used to construct a prognostic model.The accuracy of the model was assessed using the validation set data and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Furthermore,we employed various methods,including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway,immune infiltration,and correlation analyses with CD274(PD-L1)to explore the model's predictive efficacy in immunotherapeutic responses.Additionally,we investigated the potential underlying biological pathways that contribute to divergent treatment responses.Results We successfully developed a model capable of predicting the prognosis of patients with TNBC.The areas under the curve(AUC)values for the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival predictions were 0.618,0.652,and 0.826,respectively.Employing this risk model,we stratified the samples into high-and low-risk groups.Through KEGG enrichment analysis,we observed that the high-risk group predominantly exhibited enrichment in metabolism-related pathways such as drug and chlorophyll metabolism,whereas the low-risk group demonstrated significant enrichment in cytokine pathways.Furthermore,immune landscape analysis revealed noteworthy variations between(PD-L1)expression and risk scores,indicating that our model effectively predicted the response of patients to immune-based treatments.Conclusion Our study demonstrates the potential of CXCL13,GBP2,and GZMB as prognostic indicators of clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses in patients with TNBC.These findings provide valuable insights and novel avenues for developing immunotherapeutic approaches targeting TNBC.

Smad8 is involvement in follicular development via the regulation of granulosa cell growth and steroidogenesis in mice

Background:SMAD family proteins(SMADs)are crucial transcription factors downstream of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-ß)/SMAD signaling pathways that have been reported to play a pivotal role in mammalian reproduction.However,the role of SMAD family member 8(SMAD8,also known as SMAD9),a member of the SMAD family,in mammalian reproduction remains unclear.Methods:We employed RNA interference techniques to knock down Smad8 expression in mouse granulosa cells(GCs)to investigate the effects of Smad8 on GC growth and steroidogenesis.Results:Our findings revealed a significant decrease in the proliferative capacity and a substantial increase in the apoptosis rate of GCs after transfection with Smad8-siRNA for 48 h.Subsequent hormone assays demonstrated a significant decrease in estradiol(E2)levels,whereas progesterone(P4)remained unchanged.Further mechanistic analysis showed that the mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(Pcna),Cyclin D2,cell cycle-dependent kinase 4(Cdk4),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),estrogen receptor(Er),luteinizing hormone receptor(Lhr)and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1(Cyp19a1)significantly decreased.Conversely,the mRNA of cysteine aspartate proteinase 3(Caspase 3)significantly increased,wheras Bcl2-associated X(Bax),folliclestimulating hormone receptor(Fshr)and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1(Cyp11a1)remained unchanged compared to the controls.Conclusion:This study indicates that Smad8 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation,promotes apoptosis,reduces Er and Lhr transcription,and decreases E2 production in mouse GCs.These findings suggest that Smad8 may serve as a novel genetic marker for mammalian reproduction.

Identification of prognostic molecular subtypes and model based on CD8+ T cells for lung adenocarcinoma

Background:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CD8+T)cells function critically in mediating anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients.Characterizing the specific functions of CD8+T cells in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)could help better understand local anti-tumor immune responses and estimate the effect of immunotherapy.Methods:Gens related to CD8+T cells were identified by cluster analysis based on the single-cell sequencing data of three LUAD tissues and their paired normal tissues.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),consensus clustering,differential expression analysis,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and Cox regression analysis were conducted to classify molecular subtypes for LUAD and to develop a risk model using prognostic genes related to CD8+T cells.Expression of the genes in the prognostic model,their effects on tumor cell invasion,and interactions with CD8+T cells were verified by cell experiments.Results:This study defined two LUAD clusters(CD8+0 and CD8+1)based on CD8+T cells,with cluster CD8+0 being significantly associated with the prognosis of LUAD.Three heterogeneous subtypes(clusters 1,2,and 3)differing in prognosis,genome mutation events,and immune status were categorized using 42 prognostic genes.A prognostic model created based on 11 significant genes(including CD200R1,CLEC17A,ZC3H12D,GNG7,SNX30,CDCP1,NEIL3,IGF2BP1,RHOV,ABCC2,and KRT81)was able to independently estimate the death risk for patients in different LUAD cohorts.Moreover,the model also showed general applicability in external validation cohorts.Low-risk patients could benefit more from taking immunotherapy and were significantly related to the resistance to anticancer drugs.The results from cell experiments demonstrated that the expression of CD200R1,CLEC17A,ZC3H12D,GNG7,and SNX30 was significantly downregulated,while that of CDCP1,NEIL3,IGF2BP1,RHOV,ABCC2 and KRT81 was upregulated in LUAD cells.Inhibition of CD200R1 greatly increased the invasiveness of the LUAD cells,but inhibiting CDCP1 expression weakened the invasion ability of LUAD cells.Conclusion:This study defined two prognostic CD8+T cell clusters and classified three heterogeneous molecular subtypes for LUAD.A prognostic model predictive of the potential effects of immunotherapy on LUAD patients was developed.

Inhibitory Effect of Flavonoid Glycosides from Chlorophytum comosum on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 5-8F Cells and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]To study the inhibitory activity of two flavonoid glycosides isolated from Chlorophytum comosum Laxum R.Br on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line 5-8F in vitro and its mechanism.[Methods]The flavonoid glycosides were isolated and purified from the ethanol alcoholic extract of the roots of Liliaceae plant Chlorophytum comosum by silica gel column chromatography,macroporous resin column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20,and reverse column chromatography(ODS).The inhibitory activity of flavonoid glycosides on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was analyzed by CCK-8 method,and the potential mechanism was preliminarily analyzed by molecular docking.[Results]Two flavonoid glycosides were identified as isovitexin 2″-0-rhamnoside and 7-2″-di-O-β-glucopyranosylisovitexin.Two flavonoid glycosides showed promising inhibitory effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F,with IC_(50) values of 24.8 and 27.5μmol/L,respectively.Molecular docking results showed that the potential targets of two flavonoid glycosides include CyclinD1,Bcl-2β-Catenin,ILK,TGF-β,in addition,two glycosides showed higher predicted binding affinity towards CyclinD1,which verifies the cytotoxicity of the two compounds on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F in vitro.[Conclusions]Two flavonoid glycosides are the active molecules in Chlorophytum comosum that can inhibit the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,and have the potential to be used in the research and development of anti nasopharyngeal carcinoma drugs.

miR-567通过调控CDK8在NSCLC增殖、迁移和细胞周期中的作用及其临床相关性研究

目的探讨微小RNA(miR)-567通过调控周期蛋白依赖性激酶8(CDK8)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)增殖、迁移和细胞周期中的作用及其临床相关性研究。方法收集40例NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织和临近癌旁组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测miR-567和CDK8的表达。将miR-NC mimic、miR-567 mimic、oe-NC和oe-CDK8转染至A549和H1975细胞中,使用qRT-PCR检测miR-567和CDK8的表达,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖水平,Transwell法检测细胞迁移水平,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化。通过荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-567与CDK8的靶向性。结果在NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织中,miR-567表达降低,而CDK8表达升高,二者呈负相关(P<0.05)。在A549和H1975细胞中,miR-567 mimic组相较于miR-NC mimic组,miR-567表达升高,CDK8表达降低,细胞增殖和迁移水平降低,细胞G1期比例升高,S期比例降低;miR-567 mimic组在正常型CDK8中,荧光强度低于miR-NC mimic组;miR-567 mimic+oe-CDK8组相较于miR-567 mimic+oe-NC组,CDK8表达升高,细胞增殖和迁移水平升高,细胞G1期比例降低,S期比例升高。结论miR-567通过靶向抑制CDK8表达,控制肿瘤细胞在S期阻滞,从而抑制NSCLC的增殖和迁移能力。

MFG-E8抑制青光眼大鼠视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的 探讨乳脂肪球表皮生长因子8 (MFG-E8)在青光眼大鼠视神经保护中的作用与机制。方法 构建青光眼大鼠模型,将MFG-E8或D89E注射至大鼠玻璃体腔内。检测大鼠的眼压变化。通过HE染色、TUNEL染色、免疫荧光染色分别检测大鼠视网膜组织病理损伤、节细胞凋亡和小胶质细胞激活水平;通过Western blotting检测视网膜组织中cleaved caspase-3、caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9、caspase-9和BAX蛋白表达;通过ELISA和实时定量PCR检测视网膜组织中IL-10、TGF-β和NGF的表达水平。结果 与对照组相比,青光眼大鼠的眼压显著增加,视网膜神经节细胞复合体(GCC)层变薄,凋亡节细胞增加,cleaved-caspase 3/caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9和BAX水平升高,IBA1阳性细胞数增加,且IL-10、TGF-β、NGF水平增高;经MFG-E8治疗后,青光眼大鼠视网膜GCC层厚度增加,cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9、BAX水平降低,IBA1阳性细胞数和IL-10、TGF-β、NGF水平均增加;而MFG-E8失活异构体D89E处理后,大鼠青光眼进展进一步加重。结论 MFG-E8能够介导小胶质细胞激活,抑制神经节细胞凋亡,减缓大鼠青光眼的进展。

急性胆囊炎患者胆囊切除术后血清CCK-8、TREM1水平与发生感染的关系

目的分析急性胆囊炎(AC)患者胆囊切除术后血清胆囊收缩素-8(CCK-8)、髓系细胞触发受体1(TREM1)水平与发生感染的关系。方法将该院2020年12月至2022年12月收治的70例胆囊切除术后发生感染的AC患者纳入研究组,66例胆囊切除术后未发生感染的AC患者纳入对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清CCK-8、TREM1水平。采用Pearson相关分析胆囊切除术后发生感染AC患者血清中CCK-8、TREM1水平与炎症因子水平的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清CCK-8、TREM1水平对AC患者胆囊切除术后发生感染的诊断价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AC患者胆囊切除术后感染的影响因素。结果研究组与对照组有胆囊结石、胆囊周边积液比例比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组血清CCK-8水平明显降低,TREM1水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胆囊切除术后发生感染的AC患者血清CCK-8水平与CRP、IL-8、TNF-α水平均呈负相关(P<0.05),TREM1水平与CRP、IL-8、TNF-α水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CCK-8与TREM1联合检测诊断AC患者胆囊切除术后发生感染的曲线下面积(AUC)明显大于CCK-8、TREM1单独检测的AUC(Z=5.703,P<0.001;Z=4.584,P<0.001)。有胆囊结石、胆囊周边积液及血清CCK-8水平降低、血清TREM1水平升高均为AC患者胆囊切除术后发生感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论胆囊切除术后发生感染的AC患者血清CCK-8水平降低,TREM1水平升高,二者联合检测能够提高对AC患者胆囊切除术后发生感染的诊断价值。

不同品牌ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养上清液中IL-8对比研究

目的 对比研究2种不同品牌ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养上清液中人白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平情况。方法 不同浓度聚肌胞苷酸(Poly I:C)刺激A549细胞10、24 h,收集细胞上清液,共获得40份样本,分为1~10组,每组4份。采用2种ELISA试剂盒(试剂盒A、试剂盒B)检测细胞培养上清液中IL-8水平,对比2个试剂盒检测得到的组间数据或同组数据的一致性或差异性。结果 2种试剂盒拟合曲线中相关系数值分别为:0.999 600、0.999 602,检测标准品结果相关性良好。试剂盒B检测样品1、2组中IL-8水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但试剂盒A检测样品1、2组中IL-8水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2种试剂盒检测样品8、9组及样品9、10组中IL-8水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。仅试剂盒B检测样品1、5组中IL-8水平明显低于试剂盒A,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 不同品牌ELISA试剂盒均可用于检测IL-8水平,但检测结果仍在一定程度上存在差异。为避免实验误差,研究中应尽量选择同一个厂家生产的同品牌试剂盒。

乳腺癌患者病理特征与Bcl-2、CXCL13、PAX8表达情况的关系分析

目的分析乳腺癌患者病理特征与B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2基因(Bcl-2)、趋化因子配体13(CXCL13)、配对盒基因8抗体(PAX8)表达情况的关系。方法收集2021年1月至2023年1月该院收治的160例乳腺癌患者临床资料。采用免疫组化法对其癌组织与癌旁组织Bcl-2、CXCL13、PAX8表达情况进行检测,并分析3项指标与患者病理特征的关系。结果与癌旁组织比较,癌组织Bcl-2、CXCL13、PAX8阳性率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与雌激素受体(ER)阴性、肿瘤最大径≥3 cm、孕激素受体(PR)阴性患者比较,ER阳性、肿瘤最大径<3 cm、PR阳性患者中Bcl-2高表达占比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与无淋巴结转移、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者比较,淋巴结转移、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者中CXCL13高表达占比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、高/中分化、无淋巴结转移患者比较,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、低分化、有淋巴结转移患者中PAX8高表达占比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ER、PR表达情况与Bcl-2表达情况呈正相关(P<0.05),肿瘤最大径与Bcl-2表达情况呈负相关(P<0.05);临床分期、淋巴结转移情况与CXCL13、PAX8表达情况呈正相关(P<0.05);分化程度与PAX8表达情况呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者Bcl-2、CXCL13、PAX8表达情况对疾病的发生和发展具有明显影响,有望成为评估乳腺癌患者病情严重程度的标志物。

The Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cells Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy

In the tumor immune microenvironment, CD8+ T cells differentiate towards functional failure. The exhaustion of CD8+ T cells (Tex) showed varying degrees of effect dysfunction, loss of proliferation ability, and sustained high expression of a variety of inhibitory receptors, with metabolic and epigenetic changes. Tex cells are heterogeneous, including several subsets with different characteristics at different stages of differentiation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can restore the effect or function of Tex cells, indicating that this T cell subset plays a key role in tumor immunotherapy. The understanding of the mechanism of CD8+ T cell exhaustion will be helpful to the implementation of tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the production, differentiation and functional characteristics of Tex cells and their relationship with tumor immunotherapy.

转录因子HOXC13通过上调PCNA表达促进喉鳞状细胞癌AMC-HN-8细胞的恶性生物学行为

目的:本研究旨在探讨转录因子HOXC13在喉鳞状细胞癌(LSCC)中的表达、功能及可能的调控机制。方法:常规培养LSCC细胞,将其分为sh-NC组、sh-HOXC13组、pcDNA3.1-NC组、pcDNA3.1-HOXC13组、pcDNA3.1-PCNA组和sh-HOXC13+pcDNA3.1-PCNA组,用转染试剂将相应核酸和质粒转染各组细胞。用数据库数据分析HOXC13mRNA在LSCC组织中的表达;收集2019年1月至2022年12月在联勤保障部队第九八〇医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术切除的62对LSCC组织及配对的癌旁组织,免疫组织化学法检测中国人LSCC组织中HOXC13蛋白的表达,qPCR检测中国人LSCC组织、癌旁组织以及各组细胞中HOXC13和PCNAmRNA的表达,MTS法检测各组AMC-HN-8细胞的增殖能力,平板克隆实验检测各组AMC-HN-8细胞的克隆形成能力,Transwell小室实验检测各组AMC-HN-8细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,双萤光素酶报告基因实验和染色质免疫沉淀技术(ChIP)验证HOXC13与PCNA之间的结合关系。结果:HOXC13和PCNA在LSCC组织和细胞中均呈高表达(P<0.05或P<0.01)且两者的表达水平呈正相关(P<0.01),HOXC13的表达水平与TNM分期有明显关联(P<0.01)。敲减HOXC13可明显抑制AMC-HN-8细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力(均P<0.01),过表达HOXC13则促进TU686细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力(均P<0.01)。HOXC13可与PCNA启动子区结合并调控其转录。敲低PCNA可部分逆转HOXC13对AMC-HN-8细胞的恶性生物学行为的促进作用(均P<0.01)。结论:HOXC13通过上调PCNA促进LSCC细胞的恶性生物学行为,HOXC13是LSSC临床诊断和治疗的潜在靶点。

miR-125a靶向转录无调性碱性螺旋环螺旋转录因子8对肺腺癌恶性进展的影响

目的探讨miR-125a通过靶向转录无调性碱性螺旋环螺旋转录因子8(ATOH8)对肺腺癌恶性进展的影响。方法通过在线数据库UALCAN分析ATOH8在肺腺癌中的表达水平及其与患者生存率的相关性,以及miR-125a在肺腺癌中的表达水平及其与肺癌进展的关系;提取肺腺癌及癌旁正常组织总RNA,实时PCR分析ATOH8表达水平差异;将ATOH8过表达载体转染至肺腺癌细胞中,CCK-8法检测过表达ATOH8对肺腺癌细胞存活能力的影响;预测与ATOH8的3’非翻译区(UTR)结合的微RNA(miRNA),将miR-125a模拟物和抑制物转染至肺腺癌细胞中,实时PCR和Western blotting检测ATOH8的表达水平变化。结果数据库及实时PCR验证结果显示,ATOH8在肺腺癌组织中显著下调(P<0.01);过表达ATOH8能够显著降低肺腺癌细胞存活能力(P<0.05);高表达ATOH8组患者5年生存率显著升高(P<0.05);miR-125a能够与ATOH8的3’UTR结合,显著抑制其表达(P<0.05)。miR-125a在有吸烟史、中晚期和淋巴转移的肺腺癌患者中显著上调(P<0.05)。结论ATOH8是肺腺癌潜在的抑癌基因,能够抑制肺腺癌细胞存活的能力,影响患者的5年生存率。miR-125a表达水平与吸烟史、肿瘤分期和淋巴转移密切相关。miR-125a能够靶向抑制肺腺癌患者ATOH8表达,是ATOH8在肺腺癌中异常表达的潜在因素。

MicroRNA-370-5p inhibits pigmentation and cell proliferation by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 expression in sheep melanocytes

In mammals,microRNAs(miRNAs)play key roles in multiple biological processes by regulating the expression of target genes.Studies have found that the levels of miR-370-5p expression differ significantly in the skins of sheep with different hair colors;however,its function remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the roles of miR-370-5p in sheep melanocytes and found that the overexpression of miR-370-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation(P<0.01),tyrosinase activity(P=0.001)and significantly reduced(P<0.001)melanin production.Functional prediction revealed that the 3′-untranslated region(UTR)of MAP3K8 has a putative miR-370-5p binding site,and the interaction between these two molecules was confirmed using luciferase reporter assays.In situ hybridization assays revealed that MAP3K8 is expressed in the cytoplasm of melanocytes.The results of quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses revealed that overexpression of miR-370-5p in melanocytes significantly inhibits(P<0.01)MAP3K8 expression via direct targeting of its 3′UTR.Inhibition of MAP3K8 expression by siRNA-MAP3K8 transfection induced a significant inhibition(P<0.01)of melanocyte proliferation and significant reduction(P<0.001)in melanin production,which is consistent with our observations for miR-370-5p.Target gene rescue experiments indicated that the expression of MAP3K8 in melanocytes co-transfected with miR-370-5p and MAP3K8-cDNA(containing sites for the targeted binding to miR-370-5p)was significantly rescued(P≤0.001),which subsequently promoted significant increases in cell proliferation(P<0.001)and melanin production(P<0.01).Collectively,these findings indicate that miR-370-5p plays a functional role in inhibiting sheep melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis by downregulating the expression of MAP3K8.

Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains hepatocellular carcinoma development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+T cellmediated antitumor immune responses

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production of T cell effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ,and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 in tumor tissues.Thus,we implicated that combined blockade could ameliorate T cell exhaustion in HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains HCC development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.

System analysis based on the T cell exhaustion‑related genes identifies CD38 as a novel therapy target for ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer(OV)is highly heterogeneous tumor with a very poor prognosis.Studies increasingly show that T cell exhaustion is prognostically relevant in OV.The aim of this study was to dissect the heterogeneity of T cell subclusters in OV through single cell transcriptomic analysis.The single RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)data of five OV patients were analyzed,and six major cell clusters were identified after threshold screening.Further clustering of T cell-associated clusters revealed four subtypes.Pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation,G2M checkpoint,JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling were significantly activated,while the p53 pathway was inhibited in the CD8+exhausted T cells.The standard marker genes of CD8+T cell exhaustion were screened to develop a T-cell related gene score(TRS)based on random forest plots in TCGA cohort.The patients with low TRS have better prognosis compared to the patients with high TRS in both TCGA and GEO.In addition,most genes included in the TRS showed significant differences in expression levels between the high-and low-risk groups.Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the MCPcounter and xCell algorithms,which revealed significant differences between the two risk groups,indicating that the different prognoses may stem from the respective immune landscapes.In addition,CD38 knockdown in OV cell lines increased apoptosis and inhibited invasion in vitro.Finally,we performed a drug sensitivity analysis and identified six potential drug candidates for OV.To summarize,we identified the heterogeneity and clinical significance of T cell exhaustion in OV and built a superior prognostic model based on T cell exhaustion genes,which can contribute to the development of more precise and effective therapies.

白细胞介素8在骨再生中的作用及机制

背景:白细胞介素8是一种重要的细胞因子,研究发现它在骨再生过程中可通过多途径发挥着重要的作用。目的:综合叙述白细胞介素8对骨再生影响的作用机制,为接下来白细胞介素8的研究提供思路。方法:通过检索中国知网数据库(1999年1月至2023年2月)及PubMed数据库(1985年1月至2023年2月)中关于报道白细胞介素8在骨相关细胞及血管化中作用的相关文献,中文检索词为“白细胞介素8,骨修复,骨代谢,间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,血管化”,英文检索词为“interleukin-8”or“bone repair”or“bone metabolism”or“mesenchymal stem cells”or“osteoblasts”or“osteoclasts”or“vascularization”,初检得到中英文文献508篇,按纳入排除标准共纳入51篇文章进行综述分析。结果与结论:据现有研究显示白细胞介素8能够通过多途径促进骨细胞再生助力骨愈合,其主要分为3个方面:①促进骨细胞及间充质干细胞、成骨细胞等的增殖和分化、促使细胞朝着促进骨愈合的方向发展;②白细胞介素8能够促进血管生成,为骨组织提供充足的营养和氧气,从而进一步提高骨愈合的质量和稳定性;③白细胞介素8有利于缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶等的表达,可营造利于骨再生的微环境,从而促进骨组织的再生和修复。综上所述,白细胞介素8在骨愈合中发挥着重要的作用,它能够促进骨细胞增殖和分化、促进血管生成和提高骨再生的机械性能,也能通过破骨细胞、间充质干细胞等作用点影响骨代谢。

Peripheral CD4^(+)CD8^(+) double positive T cells:A potential marker to evaluate renal impairment susceptibility during systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus nephritis(LN) has a high incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients, but there is a lack of sensitive predictive markers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between the CD4^(+)CD8^(+)double positive T(DPT) lymphocytes and LN. The study included patients with SLE without renal impairment(SLE-NRI), LN, nephritic syndrome(NS), or nephritis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Biochemical measurements were performed with peripheral blood in accordance with the recommendations proposed by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories. The proportions of DPT cells in the LN group were significantly higher than that in the SLE-NRI group(t=4.012, P<0.001), NS group(t=3.240,P=0.001), and nephritis group(t=2.57, P=0.011). In the LN group, the risk of renal impairment increased significantly in a DPT cells proportion-dependent manner. The risk of LN was 5.136 times(95% confidence interval, 2.115–12.473) higher in cases with a high proportion of DPT cells than those whose proportion of DPT cells within the normal range. These findings indicated that the proportion of DPT cells could be a potential marker to evaluate LN susceptibility, and the interference of NS and nephritis could be effectively excluded when assessing the risk of renal impairment during SLE with DPT cell proportion.

高氏盆炎方二号方对慢性盆腔炎大鼠的抗炎抗粘连作用及对ICAM-1和caspase-8表达的影响

目的探讨高氏盆炎方二号方对慢性盆腔炎(CPID)大鼠的抗炎抗粘连作用及对细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和半胱天冬酶-8(caspase-8)表达的影响。方法首先通过体外抑菌试验观察高氏盆炎方二号方药液的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。将75只雌性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(n=10)和造模组(n=65)。造模10 d后,在造模组随机抽取5只大鼠处死,进行子宫组织HE染色后镜下呈慢性炎症改变,提示造模成功。随后将60只大鼠再随机分为模型组、中药组、中成药组及人胎盘组织液组,其中中药组又分为低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。模型组给予生理盐水2 mL/只灌胃,中药低、中、高剂量组分别给予高氏盆炎方二号方7、14、28 g/kg灌胃,中成药组给予蒲苓盆炎康颗粒3 g/kg灌胃,人胎盘组织液组给予人胎盘组织液1 mL/kg腹腔注射。以上各给药组均每日1次给药,连续给药20 d。末次给药24 h后处死大鼠并取子宫组织称重,计算子宫肿胀度及子宫系数;光镜下观察大鼠子宫组织病理学改变情况;用免疫组化法及Western-blot法检测大鼠子宫组织中ICAM-1和caspase-8蛋白表达水平。结果高氏盆炎方二号方对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及乙型溶血性链球菌有明显的抑菌作用。与空白组比较,模型组的子宫肿胀度升高,子宫系数降低(P<0.05),提示模型建立成功;与模型组比较,各给药组的子宫肿胀度降低(P<0.05),尤以中药组高、中剂量组及人胎盘组织液组改善显著。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠子宫组织中的ICAM-1蛋白表达水平降低,caspase-8蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),提示给药治疗有效;空白组与中药高剂量组、中药中剂量组及人胎盘组织液组的ICAM-1、caspase-8蛋白表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明以上三组疗效相当。结论高氏盆炎方二号方具有抑菌的作用,能够有效改善疾病症状、控制宫腔粘连的发展,修复受损的子宫组织形态及结构,其治疗机制可能与ICAM-1表达下调、caspase-8表达上调相关,可促进炎症细胞凋亡,增强机体抵抗力。

皮肤黑素瘤中细胞分裂周期相关蛋白8的表达水平及功能学分析

目的基于生物信息学方法分析CDCA8在皮肤黑素瘤组织中的表达水平及其相关生物学功能。方法TCGA数据库中下载皮肤黑素瘤数据集,分析CDCA8在皮肤黑素瘤组织中的表达,K-M曲线分析皮肤黑素瘤组织中CDCA8表达水平与总体生存率的关系,UALCAN数据库筛选皮肤黑素瘤中与CDCA8的共表达基因,并对共表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析。TIMER数据库分析皮肤黑素瘤组织中CDCA8与免疫细胞浸润的相关性。HPA数据库验证CDCA8在皮肤黑素瘤组织及正常组织中的表达差异。结果与正常组织相比,CDCA8在皮肤黑素瘤组织中明显高表达(P<0.5);与皮肤黑素瘤TP-53野生型相比,CDCA8表达水平在TP-53突变型中明显升高(P<0.05)。皮肤黑素瘤中CDCA8高表达组总体生存率显著低于CDCA8低表达组(HR=1.500,P=0.005)。皮肤黑素瘤组织中CDCA8共表达基因主要富集于细胞核、细胞质、细胞分裂、细胞周期、DNA修复、蛋白结合、RNA结合、细胞周期、DNA复制及细胞核质转运等过程。皮肤黑素瘤中CDCA8与B细胞(r=0.166,P<0.001)、CD8^(+)T细胞(r=0.176,P<0.001)、中性粒细胞(r=0.193,P<0.001)及树突状细胞(r=0.230,P<0.001)浸润程度存在显著正相关性。免疫组化显示CDCA8在皮肤黑素瘤组织中均呈现高强度表达,而在正常组织中无表达或低表达。结论CDCA8在皮肤黑素瘤组织中呈现高表达状态,与患者不良预后显著相关,CDCA8可能通过调控细胞周期及免疫细胞浸润参与皮肤黑素瘤的发病机制。

CDCA8在肿瘤发生发展及耐药中的研究进展

细胞分裂周期相关基因(CDCA)8是CDCA家族中的一个成员,早期在胚胎干细胞中被发现,用于调控有丝分裂期间着丝粒的定位及纺锤体的稳定性。近年越来越多的研究发现CDCA8在肺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤和胰腺癌等多种肿瘤组织中呈高表达,并与肿瘤的分级、不良预后密切相关。干扰CDCA8的表达会显著抑制肿瘤的生长以及转移,诱导细胞周期的阻滞及细胞凋亡,同时提高肿瘤细胞对顺铂和他莫昔芬的灵敏度,而对正常细胞影响较小。故认为CDCA8是治疗恶性肿瘤的一个潜在干预靶点。本文从预后情况、作用机制以及耐药关系出发,对CDCA8在肿瘤中的功能和作用的机制通路进行讨论,旨在为临床上肿瘤生物标志物的筛选及靶向药物研发提供新思路。