Analysis of good practice of Public Health Emergency Operations Centers

Objective: To study the public health Emergency Operations Centers(EOCs)in the US, the European Union, the UK and Australia, and summarize the good practice for the improvement of National Health Emergency Response Command Center in Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission. Methods: Literature review was conducted to explore the EOCs of selected countries. Results: The study focused on EOC function, organizational structure, human resources and information management. The selected EOCs had the basic EOC functions of coordinating and commanding as well as the public health related functions such as monitoring the situation, risk assessment, and epidemiological briefings. The organizational structures of the EOCs were standardized, scalable and flexible. Incident Command System was the widely applied organizational structure with a strong preference. The EOCs were managed by a unit of emergency management during routine time and surge staff were engaged upon emergencies. The selected EOCs had clear information management framework including information collection, assessment and dissemination. Conclusions: The performance of National Health Emergency Response Command Center can be improved by learning from the good practice of the selected EOCs, including setting clear functions, standardizing the organizational structure, enhancing the human resource capacity and strengthening information management.

Leveraging the Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC)for pandemic response: opportunities and challenges

Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) was conceptualized and established for coordinatinginformation and resources towards goal-oriented response in large scale public health emergency. Yet, theactivities undertaken by PHEOCs and their intended goals have not been fully optimized in current scenario.This paper revisited the collective efforts invested in PHEOC conceptualization and development, identified theopportunities and challenges in compliance with standards and framework, demonstrated the accountabilityof PHEOC network, thereby promoted best practice guidance for global public health emergency preparednessand response. This review will help navigate emergency response complexities leveraging PHEOC partnershipsand advance the ability to detect and respond to public health emergencies in low resource settings. The reviewshows that the information on how to adapt best practice guidance to local circumstances could incentivizethe full implementation of prevention, early detection and response to outbreaks. Identifying and correctingdeficiencies in effectiveness evaluation will provide the basis for continuous PHEOC improvement. With thegradually reopening economies and public services in some countries, there is an urgent need to emphasize andvalidate the collective efforts undertaken by PHEOCs for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.

How to allocate public health manpower in township health centers in China scientifically and reasonably

INTRODUCTION The global health issue is not a shortage of capital or technology, but a shortage of health manpower. Health human resource （HHR）, an important component of health resources, determines the quantity, quality and effectiveness of health service, thus greatly impacting on health service to the citizens.

Business Process Analysis and Simulation: The Contact Center of a Public Health and Social Information Office

This article proposes a framework, called BP-M* which includes: 1) a methodology to analyze, engineer, restructure and implement business processes, and 2) a process model that extends the process diagram with the specification of resources that execute the process activities, allocation policies, schedules, times of activities, management of queues in input to the activities and workloads so that the same model can be simulated by a discrete event simulator. The BP-M* framework has been applied to a real case study, a public Contact Center which provides different typologies of answers to users’ requests. The simulation allows to study different system operating scenarios (“What-If” analysis) providing useful information for analysts to evaluate restructuring actions.

Intention to Leave and Associated Factors among Health Professionals in Jimma Zone Public Health Centers, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Inadequate human resources are a major constraint to improving global health. The health sector is characterized by a high turnover coupled with internal as well as external brain drain but there is little information on intention to leave among health professionals in public health centers of Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State. The aim of this study is to assess intention to leave and associated factors among health professionals in public health centers of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study was conducted on seven randomly selected woredas (districts) which have 53 public health centers. All health professionals in sampled district public health centers were included (n = 505). Factor analysis was employed for all Likert scale instruments to extract factor(s) representing each of the scales using SPSS version 16.0. The qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis methods. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University. Results: Four hundred fifty five (90.1%) health professionals participated in the study;out of this, 290 (63.7%) had intention to leave. Among variables, job satisfaction (Beta = -0.298, (95% CI, -0.568 to -0.029), working environment (Beta = -0.612, (95% CI, -0.955 to -0.270), and organizational management (Beta = -0.552, (95% CI, 0.289 to 0.815) had statistically significant association with intention to leave among health professionals in public health centers of Jimma Zone. Conclusions: The overall intention to leave among health professionals was high. Level of job satisfaction, working environment, work pressure, and organizational management had statistically significant association with intention to leave. Thus, responsible bodies should aggressively work on the concerns identified, like, improvements in salary, promotion in terms of training/educational opportunity, improving working environment, and transfer of health professionals, and improvement of the leadership skills of managers.

Nutrition Programs through Public Health Centers in Korea

In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families.Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association.In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated.Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed

Analysis of CDC’s Role in Public Health Emergencies

Objective:To explore the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)in public health emergencies.Methods:The details of 12 public health events that occurred between January 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed to explore the roles of the CDC.Results:There were 160 patients involved in 10 public health events in 2021 and 48 patients involved in 2 public health events in 2022.Besides,the proportion of school public health events in 2022 was 0%,which was lower than in 2021,which was 80%(P<0.05).99.38%of patients during public health events were sent to the hospital promptly in 2022,which was higher than that in 2021,which was 81.25%(P<0.05).Furthermore,the average time taken for the CDC to control public health events in 2022 was 20.11±1.62 hours,and the average time taken to send inspection reports was shorter than that in 2021.The public satisfaction score was also higher in 2022 compared to 2021(P<0.05).Conclusion:The role of the CDC is to control infectious diseases.Therefore,it is important to pinpoint the existing problems in the strategies implemented by the CDC so that more improvements can be made to better prevent infectious diseases.

基于明尼苏达量表的安徽省乡镇公共卫生服务从业人员工作满意度研究

目的了解安徽省基层公共卫生服务从业人员的工作满意度及影响因素,并提出相应的建议。方法2021年1—4月采用分层随机整群抽样方法在皖北、皖中、皖南分别抽取乡镇卫生院公共卫生服务从业人员进行问卷调查。采用明尼苏达满意度短式量表调查从业人员工作满意度情况,采用多元线性回归进行工作满意度的影响因素分析。结果共调查了39个县723家乡镇卫生院的5430名公共卫生服务从业人员。其中,男性2112人(占38.90%),女性3318人(占61.10%);40~49岁人群居多(2240人,占41.25%);学历以大专及以上为主(3934人,占72.45%);所学专业最多的为临床医学(2503人,占46.10%);来自一般乡镇卫生院更多(3091人,56.92%)。工作总体满意度得分为(2.02±0.78)分,内部满意度得分为(1.94±0.71)分,外部满意度得分为(2.19±0.89)分。其中“我的报酬与我所做的工作量”得分最高,为(2.46±1.02)分;“能够做不违背自己良心的事情”得分最低,为(1.74±0.65)分。性别、职称、工作机构规模和单位培训重视程度是影响乡镇公共卫生服务从业人员工作满意度的主要因素(t=−4.61、2.28、2.70、−41.78,P均<0.05)。结论安徽省基层公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较高,外部满意度稍逊于内部满意度。建议通过加强人才培养、改善工作条件、提升薪酬待遇等途径提高基层公共卫生服务人员工作满意度。

2023年江苏省疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力现状调查

目的了解2023年江苏省各级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力现状,分析存在的问题及其原因。方法于2023年6月,采用普查的方式,问卷调查江苏省所有市级和县级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力(人员配置、指标检测能力及其计量认证通过率)现状,并对不同级别、不同地区疾控机构进行比较分析。结果调查覆盖江苏省全省13个设区市,95个县(市、区)。共回收疾病预防控制机构调查问卷111份,其中市级13份,县级98份;调查内容涵盖人员队伍状况和实验室检测能力5大类31项检测指标。在人员配置方面,市级疾控机构环境卫生岗位设置以专职为主,县级以兼职为主。31项检测指标中,以市级为单位,13家市级总指标计量认证通过率为86.1%(347/403),以县级为单位,98家县级总指标计量认证通过率为51.2%(1555/3038);在计量认证通过率方面,市级疾控机构高于县级。在具备检测能力且通过计量认证指标监测能力方面,室内空气PM2.5等8项;公共用品用具pH值等2项;游泳池水、浸脚池水及沐浴水浊度等5项指标监测能力在不同级别疾控机构之间存在差异(χ2为3.87~42.05,P<0.05)。不同地区疾控机构在31项检测指标中,室内空气类氨和集中空调通风系统冷却水及沐浴水类嗜肺军团菌在不同地区疾控机构之间存在差异(χ^(2)分别为8.81和6.39,P<0.05)。监测能力整体评估显示,市级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力普遍高于县级,且苏中地区监测能力超过苏南和苏北地区。结论按监测能力综合评估,江苏省县级疾控机构公共场所监测能力总体较低,不同级别疾控机构中市级在人员配置及卫生监测能力上均高于县级,不同地区疾控机构在人员配置及卫生监测能力上存在地区差异,苏北地区以年轻人为主,苏中地区监测能力超过苏南和苏北地区。

非正式出版物全域性共建共享可行性研究——以广东省书目中心为例

非正式出版物是特色馆藏的重要体现,在传承与发扬岭南文化过程中具有重要意义。但由于各种原因使之无法实现全域性共建共享。论文通过一系列可行性研究分析认为,以广东省书目中心建设为契机,通过拓展书目中心的服务职能,可以有效解决非正式出版物共建共享问题。

“以学生为中心”视域下的公共管理学科实证研究方法类课程教学改革研究

公共管理学科实证研究方法类课程的教学大多沿用理论型课程教学模式,忽略了方法类课程培养学生问题探寻与实践应用能力方面的特殊性,教学效果不甚理想。“以学生为中心”的教学理念强调“课程教学”供给与“学生学习”需求的对接,关注学生的主体角色与学习体验,打造开放交互的学习空间与教学支持体系,有效契合了实证研究方法类课程的知识属性与教学目标。推动“以学生为中心”的公共管理学科实证研究方法类课程教学模式构建,要实施需求导向的教学内容设计,开展问题驱动的教学方式改革,打造高效的学习辅助支持系统,构建多元包容的反馈评价机制。

罗切斯特社区中心与学校社会功能的拓展

20世纪初,罗切斯特社区中心开拓了一种新型的人际交往方式,使公立学校成为不同文化背景群体的交流阵地。罗切斯特社区中心是社区中心运动的先导,它充分利用现有学校建筑,推动了移民美国化进程。国内少有学者对该中心进行个案研究,美国学者虽有涉及该中心的研究,但很少有学者关注该中心在拓展学校社会功能,促使学校转型方面的贡献。本文在现有史料的基础上,以个案研究的形式,结合罗切斯特社区中心的发展过程,探究社区中心对公立学校发展产生的影响。研究认为,学校作为社区中心拓展了学校的社会功能,使得学校与社会的联系更加紧密,重塑了学校形象。

集约型公共计算机基础实验中心的建设实践

为降低多校区公共实验教学管理成本,解决二级学院计算机类实验室硬件设施重复建设的问题,本文提出集约型公共计算机基础实验中心的设计与建设方案。应用云技术将服务分为主干业务和辐射业务,对存储、网络、计算进行虚拟化,提供多类型的服务以应多类型应用场景。实践的结果显示,该方案能降低公共计算机基础实验中心的管理成本和难度,提高实验室管理效率。

上海疾控机构纵向型伦理审查委员会建设重要性、可行性与建设思路

上海疾控机构纵向型伦理审查委员会建设将是公共卫生伦理在疾病预防控制领域的重要探索,能够为强化疾控系统公共卫生伦理规范和管理、提升从业人员公共卫生伦理认知提供实践场域,对疾控机构开展现代化公共卫生治理有着积极的作用。研究从公共卫生的概念、学科范畴和治理实践等三方面论证出建设的重要性,即纵向型伦理审查委员会是公共卫生治理遵循公共卫生伦理约束和规范的有形手段和工具,是践行公共卫生伦理人群健康价值取向的约束型载体和集中体现。随后,阐明疾控机构的紧密型关系提供纵向型伦理审查委员会建设的社会环境可行性,疾控机构实践和科研的同质性特点促成工作场景与场域可行性。进而,从管理学视角,论证系统原理、人本原理、责任原理和效益原理等建设原理,从建设目标、主体、客体和规范等方面提出建设框架,为区域公共卫生伦理委员会建设设想提供实践经验。

人民算法:如何理解治理过程中的“人民”

在政治话语体系中,“人民”这一核心概念具有抽象性和整体性的特点。在治理过程中,“人民”一般会指向特定群体,呈现出分层分类和差异化特征。由于人民群体的异质性,实现以人民为中心的治理需在特定情境中清晰界定不同类型的人民群体及其需求。“人民算法”作为一种治理模式,旨在将以人民为中心的价值理念融入算法治理过程中,通过对不同人民群体的需求进行精确识别和优先级排序,实现对复杂需求及时且有效的回应。“人民算法”在运行过程中可细分为需求算法、冲突算法和决策算法三个基本维度,以实现人民需求与服务供给的精准衔接,从而构建出科学化与民主化的治理方案。在推动中国式现代化治理进程中融入“人民算法”的理念与模型,必须关注到少数者、参与弱势者、劳动者、代表者、“我者”等不同类型的人民群体,真正实现以人民为中心的智治与善治。

有色金属板带加工企业公辅设备集控中心方案设计

文章设计了一套完善的监视、控制一体化集控中心,通过公辅设备的集中监控,减少操作人员数量,合理优化运维人员配置,实现有色金属板带加工企业公辅系统高效运行、集约化管控的目标。

开放型区域产教融合实践中心建设:价值、困境与策略

开放型区域产教融合实践中心具有建设主体的多元性、建设面向的区域性、建设任务的明确性、建设模式的多样性、建设资源的共享性等特征。其是落实国家有关战略要求的体现,是改革探索深入推进与转型发展的产物,能为深化产教融合提供有效载体,可以推动中国现代职业教育体系建设。通过引企入校、企业培训中心转型、优化政府职业技能公共实训中心等方式来开展建设并取得一定进展。但是,实践中心建设面临职业院校积极主动但能力不足、企业有需求但动力不足、政府有责任但定位不清的困境。未来,实践中心建设需要进一步明确建设主体的责权利、完善多主体的多维推动机制和搭建多元主体协同共建平台。

基于史密斯执行模型的乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务项目执行效能及其影响因素甄别

目的:探讨乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能及其影响因素,为提高乡镇卫生院的服务质量和公共卫生水平提供参考和建议。方法:以史密斯执行模型为理论框架,通过分层整群抽样的方法,对四川省绵阳市和巴中市,以及黑龙江省哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔市的乡镇卫生院人员进行问卷调查,分析基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能及其驱动因素。结果:52.9%的被调查者对所在乡镇卫生院的基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能评价较低。影响执行效能的八个显著预测因素分别是:人员职责划分不合理(OR=2.695)、人员胜任力低(OR=2.258)、项目执行不均衡(OR=1.724)、项目执行缺乏持久力(OR=1.541)、群众健康观念不足(OR=2.026)、群众对乡镇卫生院的信任程度低(OR=1.361)、乡镇卫生院各利益相关方的业务协同机制不完善(OR=1.346)和信息化协同机制不完善(OR=1.095)。结论:乡镇卫生院应加强人员培训和管理,优化项目执行流程和策略,提高群众的健康意识和信任度,完善业务协同和信息化协同机制,以提高基本公共卫生服务项目的执行效能。

大型公立医院评审全流程管理策略实践与应用

医院评审是促进大中型公立医院实现高质量发展的关键抓手,全流程管理策略则是推动大中型公立医院实现高质量发展的重要手段。通过全流程管理策略可以充分融合医院资源优势、技术优势、资金优势和人才优势,探索全流程管理新业态、新模式,深入开展现代医院精细化运营管理,以医院评审培育新动能,用新动能推动新发展,以评促建、以评促改、评建并举,完善医院运营管理模式,提升医疗服务效率,优化医疗资源配置,推动医院更快更好地实现高质量发展。

基于“四化”路径的公立医院健康科普实践研究

目的探讨基于“四化”路径的公立医院健康科普实践成效。方法以“华福科普”等主题共享体系的科普实践为依据,依托大数据、互联网+、多媒体等技术运用,打造“体系制度化”“主题分类化”“形式多样化”和“内容输出精准化”的“四化”路径的科普实践模式。结果经过样本医院的健康科普实践研究证明:“四化”路径下的健康科普实践中涌现出众多优秀的科普作品;荣获多项省级以上科普荣誉;参与科普竞赛人数增幅25%以上;线下科普讲堂1/3及以上为华山医院高级职称专家;增设多个专病门诊;特色门诊患者满意度95%以上等。结论基于“四化”路径的科普实践方法对彰显公立医院的“公益性”职能、提升专科声誉度等具有显著效果。