Natural resource dependence, public education investment,and human capital accumulation

This paper examines the relationships between natural resource dependence, public education investment, and human capital accumulation. It addresses why the “blessing” of abundant natural resources often turns into a “curse” in many countries and regions, focusing on the crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital. According to our empirical analysis of provincial panel data from China, natural resource dependence is significantly and negatively correlated with human capital accumulation. The crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital exists only in the central and western regions of China. Our introduction of an interaction term for natural resource dependence and public education investment underscores the possibility of investing in public education to reduce the crowding-out effect of natural resource dependence on human capital. The government should utilize the income of the natural resource sector to increase investment in education to enhance local human capital.

Functions of Relationship Capital in Rural Public Sports Service

The field survey of two natural villages found that the relationship capital plays an important role in rural public sports service benefiting from the rural elite operation mode. However,negative effect brought by the relationship capital should not be neglected,including distorting the social equity,increasing social transaction cost,and weakening the public trust in government. It is a top priority to effectively evade its negative effect and bring into full play huge potential of the relationship capital.

Study on the Influence of Farmer Social Capital on Cooperative Supply Willingness of Agricultural Disaster Reduction Public Goods——Based on the Investigation on 515 Farmers

Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.

The association of various social capital indicators and physical activity participation among Turkish adolescents

Background: Physical activity participation(PAP) has been proven to improve health and promote optimal growth among adolescents. However,most adolescents do not meet the current physical activity(PA) recommendations in Turkey. The role of the social environment and social factors on PAP is being increasingly recognized. Although social capital(SC) indicators have been examined in high-income countries, there are few studies on developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SC indicators and PAP among Turkish adolescents.Methods: A survey was conducted among 19 high schools in 4 different cities in Turkey in 2016. A total of 506 female and 729 male high school students participated in this study. The dependent variable was overall PAP, which was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The independent variables included self-perceived family, neighborhood, and school SC. Self-rated health and obesity status, measured by body mass index, were other study covariates in multiple binary logistic regression models. Chi-square tests were used to assess the differences between genders.Results: PAP levels were significantly different between males and females. A higher percentage of males reported PAP(77.4%) compared to females(51.0%). Among males, teacher–student interpersonal trust and informal social control were inversely associated with PAP, while high students interpersonal trust was positively associated with increased odds of PAP. For females, students interpersonal trust was inversely associated with PAP.Conclusion: Various SC indicators are associated with PAP for males and females. These associations are different from findings of studies conducted in developed countries. Therefore, health-promotion interventions and policies should consider gender and different social agents on the social and cultural background to improve PAP among Turkish adolescents.

Performance and capital structure of IPOs in Pakistan from 2000 to 2015

Background:When a privately owned firm or privatized government entity raises capital by selling its stocks for the first time to general public,is known as initial public offering(IPO).The underpricing phenomenon and ownership structure are important characteristics of IPO process that significantly affect the short-run and long-run performance of private firm and privitized entity.This study compares the short-and long-run performance,and factors affecting these performances for both private IPOs and privatized IPOs in Pakistan.It further investigates the relationship between capital structor and initial underpricing for both group of IPOs.Methods:Event study methodology is used to compares short-and long-run performance spanning from March 2000 to June 2015 of two categories of IPOs issued in the Karachi Stock Exchange(KSE).Multivariate regression analysis is applied to examine the factors that affect the short-run and long-run performance as well as for investigating the relationship betwen underpricing and ownership structure for both group of IPOs.Results:We find that both categories outperform in IPOs at which they are offered to investors on first day of trading,although differences in mean are insignificant.Over a five-year buy-and hold strategy,privatizing IPOs outperform and private IPOs underperform returns on the benchmark KSE 100 Stock Index.The results reveal that the size of the private firm or government entity,aftermarket risk of IPOs,and subscription ratio are significantly associated with the underpricing of IPO shares brought to market.First-day returns,market volatility and retained ownership are associated with higher five-year performance.We find that the concentration of ownership is similar,for both categories of IPOs;and significantly positive related to underpricing.The size of the firm/entity,aftermarket risk,return on assets and subscription ratio also affect ownership concentration.Conclusions:Same level of underpricing in both private and privatized IPOs reveals that Pakistan’s government is committed to its privatization policies as they developed capital markets by underpricing of IPOs.To make dispersion in ownership structure and to involve more small investors,the regulatory authorities such as Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan(SECP are required to take some steps to minimize concentration in ownership structure).There is a need of some specific range of underpricing by issuers and SECP.

Venture capital in Japan and enlightenment to China

In the business world, there have always been people are willing to start business, and other people are willing to back them and share the risks and rewards of enterprises, so in a sense, there has always been entrepreneurship and venture capital （VC）. Despite of Japanese VC has gone through ups and downs, Japanese VC continues to lead Asia and is second only to U.S. Japanese government has recognized the economic benefits of fostering the creation and development of venture finns, and has applied themselves assiduously to the task of creating a supportive environment. This paper provides some context for understanding the Japanese venture capital industry. Then it set forth an evolution of Japanese venture capital. The heart of the paper is devoted to discussion of the key features of Japanese venture capital. This includes information concerning the size of the industry, the players, and the nature of the Japanese venture capital investment. This is followed by an analysis of some of the obstacles to a more vibrant Japanese venture capital industry which gives us some enlightenment to Chinese venture capital development now. This paper also shows that the relative of the US, the Japanese venture capital industry is a young, small industry. In a word, it shows that there is still a substantial space for further development, which makes VC is still a promising industry in Japan.

An Empirical Studyon the Impact of Corporate Social ResponsibilityInformation Disclosure on EquityCapital Cost

Taking public companies of Shenzhen A-share as samples,the paper analyses the impact of CSR disclosure on the cost of equity capital and the differences in various disclosure ways.The empirical results show that:the CSR disclosure has negative correlation with the cost of equity capital,and different ways of disclosure are not relative to the cost of equity capital.Corporate social responsibility information disclosure plays a critical role in the company's management.

REDISSE in Benin and Lessons Learned for the Management of Public Health Emergencies after Five Years of Implementation

Introduction: Benin was embarked on phase 3 of the REDISSE Benin project (Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement) which began in 2018. The objectives were in five key components namely, Surveillance and health information;Laboratory capacity building;Emergency preparedness and response;Human resources management for effective disease surveillance and epidemic preparedness;and Institutional Capacity Building, Project Management, Coordination and Advocacy. After five years of implementation, this study aimed at the documentation of lessons learned and best practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Apart from individual semi-structured interviews, a thematic workshops bringing together the project’s main stakeholders recruited on an exhaustive way by component to identify and validate lessons learned, good practices and propose improvement mechanisms to be taken into account by the sector. Criteria were set up and used to validate best practices and lessons learned. Results: A total 54 (Surveillance workshop), 47 (Preparedness & response workshop), 53 (Human Resources workshop), 26 (Laboratories workshop) participated to the thematic workshops, and five interviews. The good practices (33: 9 for animal health, 7 for human health and 17 crosscutting) and lessons learned (10: 3 for animal health and 7 for human health) have been identified and have been the subject, depending on the case, of proposals for improvement or conditions necessary for their maintenance. Discussion: The richness of a project lies not only in the immediate achievement of its results, but also and above all, in its usefulness for similar interventions, whether in the local, regional, national or international context. It is in this context that the REDISSE project has set out to make public the various lessons learned and best practices from the implementation of its activities over a period of some five consecutive years.

Changes of Wage Structures in Chinese Public and Private Sectors： 1995-2007

Using CHIP （Chinese Household Income Project Survey） data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types （SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs） in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups （40th-80th） in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups （5th-30th） in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.

GREEN BUILDING POLICY OPTIONS FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR

Green building is receiving increased attention in the public sector in the United States.Over the past ten years,public sector organizations have gone from“testing the waters”with green building pilot projects to developing wide-reaching policies that incorporate green building practices and standards as a formal part of capital project decision processes.A variety of approaches have been employed at the federal,state,and local levels that encourage or require green building practices on public sector projects.To date,however,there has been no systematic evaluation of the pros and cons of these policy options to provide a basis for organizations considering how best to construct a program to meet the needs of its specific context.This paper identifies,compares,and contrasts options that have been incorporated as part of green building programs for states and other public sector organization seeking to motivate green building practices in their capital projects and facilities.Three categories of options are considered:Policy,Program,and Evaluation options.The paper evaluates alternatives within each of these categories according to their potential social,environmental,and economic impacts as well as their likelihood of implementation success within the context of public agencies.The findings of this paper contribute a palette of options for policymakers to consider when drafting policies for their organizations,along with program options to be considered by those who must implement the policies.This work contributes a foundation for future research to further understand the relative effectiveness and impacts of policy elements on green building practice within public sector organizations.

The Rural Elite and the Supply of Public Goods in Rural Areas

Based on the theory of collective action and social capital theory,social capital is introduced into the game analysis of the supply of public goods between the rural elite and ordinary villagers.I establish the income model of public goods utility concerning the rural elite and ordinary villagers;research the incentive of social capital for the rural elite and villagers,and impact of social capital on the rural elite and villagers.Three inferences can be drawn from the model:the precondition for the elite to prompt the collective cooperation is having " good reputation" ;" good reputation" of the elite in the supply of public goods can abate farmers' motive of " free rider" ;the role of the elite in organizing the supply of public goods can save the transaction costs in the process of collective action.Taking the case of Shunhe Village,Panyu District,Guangzhou City,I explain this model.Finally,some policy recommendations are put forth as follows:rebuilding the community credit;giving full play to the role of the rural elite in the supply of public goods in rural areas.

Embedding Knowledge Management in Public Sector Procurement： Redesigning for the Knowledge Economy

There is a perception in the public, political, and trade discourse that private sector procurement performs ＂better＂ than does public sector procurement. This research considers whether this perception is justified. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing issues that influence procurement performance. The framework takes into account the organization＇s business goals, its procurement principles, the design of its procurement capability, the intellectual capital or knowledge that is used to support procurement operations, and the use of knowledge management methods. To represent these factors, the framework adapts the conceptual framework proposed by McElroy （2002）, leverages Andriessen＇s （2005） characterization of intellectual capital, and adopts Bedford＇s （2012） description of the practice of knowledge management. The results, though preliminary and exploratory, suggest that factors which are more often practiced in the private sector than the public sector contribute to higher performance.

新乡贤何以促进乡村公共性重建——一种理解框架重构的视角

新乡贤何以促进乡村公共性重建是一个需要深入思考的问题。当前,学界关于这一问题虽然形成了精英权威、社会资本、双重代理及核心行动者等4种典型解释模型,但其在理解框架层面存在国家与社会对立、嵌入性支配、现成性结果和割裂化分析等问题,需要构建一种私人—共同—公共领域转型互塑的理解框架来重新把握新乡贤促进乡村公共性重建的问题。在这一新的理解框架下,应坚持整体融合、互塑共生、合作共治等基本原则,增强新乡贤的角色自觉性与自主性,推动多种类型新乡贤形成治理合力,优化完善新乡贤促进乡村公共治理的机制,健全新乡贤促进乡村公共性重建的制度规范,构建新乡贤促进乡村公共性重建的监督反馈体系,从而推动新乡贤促进乡村公共性重建。

网格化管理对村民参与公共事务治理的影响

加强网格化管理是推进乡村治理现代化的重要抓手。基于2018年的中国劳动力动态调查数据,实证分析了网格化管理对村民参与公共事务治理的影响及作用机制。实证结果表明,网格化管理显著提高了村民参与公共事务治理的意愿,并且该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析发现,网格化管理能够通过强化以社会网络、社会信任和社会规范为代表的社会资本积累,从而缓解劳动力外流所带来的社会资本流失的负面影响,进而提高村民的公共事务治理参与意愿。进一步讨论发现,网格员队伍的专职化建设能够提高网格化管理的实施效果。村域异质性分析发现,网格化管理在人口规模较小和有社会组织的村庄,能够对村民的公共事务治理参与意愿发挥更加显著的促进作用。

社会资本对环境行为的影响机理研究

文章采用中国综合社会调查CGSS(2021)数据,从社会网络、社会信任和社会规范三个维度构建了社会资本变量,分析其对个体环境行为和团体环境行为的影响机理。研究结果发现,社会资本对环境行为存在直接影响,也存在中介变量和调节变量。具体来说,社会网络和社会规范对个体环境行为具有直接影响,社会信任和社会规范对团体环境行为具有直接作用。行为态度与环境态度在相关过程中呈现出了中介效应。效能感变量在社会规范及社会信任与环境态度的关系中均存在负向调节效应。

共同富裕背景下公共服务均等化对城乡居民收入差距的作用机制与实践检验

基于2011—2020年省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型、中介效应模型检验了公共服务均等化对城乡收入差距的影响、作用机制及空间差异。结果表明:第一,公共服务均等化水平的提升能够有效降低城乡居民收入差距;第二,公共服务均等化对城乡收入差距的影响存在空间异质性,在西部地区、人口净流出较多的地区,公共服务均等化对城乡收入差距的影响更为显著;第三,公共服务均等化可以通过促进劳动力流动与人力资本积累两个渠道影响城乡收入差距。研究结论为国家和政府在新时期推动经济持续稳定发展、保障和改善民生、全面推动社会建设、促进共同富裕提供了参考。

社会资本参与农业水价综合改革的理论与实践研究

社会资本是水利基础设施建设重要的资金筹措渠道。建立社会资本参与农业水价综合改革机制,鼓励和引导社会资本参与到农田水利基础设施的投资建设、运营管理和维修养护等方面,能够扩大农田水利设施建设有效投资、提高农田水利基础设施和相关公共服务的供给能力,发挥“两手发力”的要素资源配置优势、提升水资源管理能力、优化水资源配置格局,促进农业用水方式由粗放向节约集约转变,提高水资源整体承载能力。文章从理论层面研究提出了社会资本参与农业水价综合改革的总体思路,梳理了社会资本参与农业水价综合改革的方式与内容;并以陆良县恨虎坝项目区为例,从实践层面总结归纳社会资本参与恨虎坝项目区农业水价综合改革的做法及成效,以期为相关地区推进农业水价综合改革提供参考。

发挥政府市场治理功能 培育和发展未来产业

未来产业是具有显著战略性、引领性、颠覆性和不确定性的前瞻性新兴产业,是未来国际经济合作与竞争的关键支撑。本文在分析未来产业特点和发展特征的基础上,结合各国各地区促进未来产业政策的特点,重点讨论了政府在培育未来产业中的治理功能,提出协调好公有资本和民营资本的关系、催化政产学研合作和助力创新生态系统构建、促进未来产业技术标准体系、拓展国际技术和市场空间及发展适宜技术和产业等优化未来产业政策支持体系建议。

劳动模范:劳动荣誉符号的生产、建构与功能审视——来自深圳公交系统的案例分析

劳模作为“榜样的力量”具有劳动和道德的示范作用,劳动榜样的树立对于促进经济社会发展至关重要。现有关于劳模的研究具有一定局限性,忽视了作为“过程”的“劳模”。政策、组织、媒体和个体不仅是“劳模”生产逻辑链中的主要参与者和推动者,也是“劳模”这一符号资本的主要建构者。“劳模”的生产是结构和行动者二重化的结果。“劳模”的建构涵盖了符号资本获取、厚植、强化和延拓的四个环节。“劳模”的生产和建构最终目的都是使“劳模”在社会、行业和工作单位中的正向功能得以最大化释放。

城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿和能力研究——以西安城市居民为例

依据2022年针对西安城市居民的相关调查,采用相关分析和回归分析探讨城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿与能力的影响因素,将参与认知作为其中的中介变量,并从中探求加强城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿和能力的路径。结果表明:内部因素和外部因素对城市公共安全治理中公民参与意愿与能力同样具有影响;参与认知在内外部因素影响公民参与意愿与能力的路径中起到部分中介作用。