Puccinia triticina(Pt), as the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, employs a plethora of effector proteins to modulate wheat immunity for successful colonization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effe...Puccinia triticina(Pt), as the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, employs a plethora of effector proteins to modulate wheat immunity for successful colonization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effector-mediated wheat susceptibility remains largely unexplored. In this study, an effector Pt_21 was identified to interact with the apoplast-localized wheat thaumatin-like protein TaTLP1 using a yeast two-hybrid assay and the Pt_21-TaTLP1 interaction was characterized. The interaction between Pt_21 and TaTLP1 was validated by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assay. A TaTLP1 variant,TaTLP1C71A, that was identified by the site-directed mutagenesis failed to interact with Pt_21. Pt_21was able to suppress Bax-mediated cell death in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and inhibit TaTLP1-mediated antifungal activity. Furthermore, infiltration of recombinant protein Pt_21 into leaves of transgenic wheat line overexpressing TaTLP1 enhanced the disease development of leaf rust compared to that in wild-type leaves. These findings demonstrate that Pt_21 suppresses host defense response by directly targeting wheat TaTLP1 and inhibiting its antifungal activity, which broadens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effector-mediated susceptibility in wheat.展开更多
Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most devastating rust fungi attacking wheat worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen from Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan ...Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most devastating rust fungi attacking wheat worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen from Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan provinces, China, were tested on wheat leaf rust differentials and the population structure was analyzed using four presumably neutral partial sequence markers such as elongation factor-1α(EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH), β-tubulin(TUB) and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit(RPB2). The phenotypic diversity of Yunnan and Sichuan populations was higher than that of Gansu and Henan populations. The four populations were separated into two clusters based on the pathogenic data. A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 32 haplotypes were identified among the four sequences. The 32 haplotypes were divided into two clusters in a neighbor-joining tree. Bayesian analyses also identified two clusters. Pairwise FST between populations in different regions were significantly different(P<0.05). Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that 68% of the total genetic variation was within populations.展开更多
Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widely distributed wheat rust in the world. In order to study the genetic structure of leaf rust population 14 pairs of AFLP and 6 pairs of FAFLP pr...Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widely distributed wheat rust in the world. In order to study the genetic structure of leaf rust population 14 pairs of AFLP and 6 pairs of FAFLP primers evaluated on 86 isolates samples collected in Iran during spring of 2009. Results showed that almost all investigated isolates were genetically different and special pattern of AFLP allele’s that confirm high genetic diversity within leaf rust population was observed. Analyses showed, all provinces were classified into three major groups particularly similar clusters were found between then neighboring provinces. Rust spore can follow the migration pattern in short and long distances to neighbor in provinces. Results indicated that the greatest variability was revealed by 97% of genetic differentiation within leaf rust populations and the lesser variation of 3% was observed between the rust populations. These results suggested that each population was not completely identical and high gene flow has occurred among the leaf rust population of different provinces. The highest differentiation and genetic distance among the Iranian leaf rust populations was detected between leaf rust population in Sistan and Baluchistan and highest similarity was observed between in Ardabil provinces. The high pathogenic variability of leaf rust races in Ardabil and Northern Khorasan may be an indication that these two regions are the center of origin of pathogenic arability. Present study shows that leaf rust population in Iran is highly dynamic and variable.展开更多
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an economically-important disease in wheat worldwide.A combination of different types of resistance genes may significantly enhance rust resistance under rust-favorable condit...Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an economically-important disease in wheat worldwide.A combination of different types of resistance genes may significantly enhance rust resistance under rust-favorable conditions.To investigate the interactions between the rust resistance gene Lr34 and the lesion mimic gene lm on 1BL in Ning 7840,a segregating F8-10 population of 180 recombinant inbred lines was developed from Ning 7840/Chokwang and evaluated for both lesion mimic expression and leaf rust response at the adult plant stage in a greenhouse.A major quantitative trait locus(QTL),derived from Sumai 3,was co-localized with Lr34 on chromosome 7D and explained 41.5% of phenotypic variations for rust severity and 22.1% for leaf tip necrosis(LTN).The presence of Lr34 was confirmed by Lr34-specific markers cssfr1 and cssfr2 in Ning 7840 and Sumai 3.Unlike Lr34,lm conditioned a spontaneous lesion mimic phenotype and had a significant effect on reducing uredinial size,and a smaller effect on severity.Additive effects were observed between lm and Lr34 for severity and LTN,and an epistatic effect was observed for infection type.Single marker analysis also identified several other QTL with minor effects on severity,infection type,or LTN.展开更多
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown throughout the winter time in Southern Brazil and turns out to be the main agricultural crop at such a year season in the State of Paraná. However, throughout the crop growin...Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown throughout the winter time in Southern Brazil and turns out to be the main agricultural crop at such a year season in the State of Paraná. However, throughout the crop growing season foliar diseases significantly compromise commercial yields in such a manner as to justify the application of fungicides at the right time to control foliar diseases in production fields. The aim of the current manuscript was to assess the impact of different timings for fungicide application (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin) on the control of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina E.) and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) diseases in two wheat genotypes featured by distinct levels of susceptibility in Southern Brazil. A field trial was conducted in Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil, in light of split plot statistical design at an experimental area belonging to CESCAGE. The following treatments were imposed in the current study: control (with no sprays);sprays at the first node, booting and heading;sprays at stem extension and flowering;sprays at booting and heading. Throughout the entire crop growing season, the control treatment was conducive to the highest severity levels for both diseases. The increasing of the area under the diseases progress curve assessed herein substantially impinged upon yield components of both wheat genotypes under scrutiny. In general, fungicide sprays at the first node did not culminate in economical advantages. The best timing for fungicide application was the one ascribed to booting and heading stages.展开更多
【目的】研究叶锈菌诱导小麦叶片的基因表达情况,从分子水平阐明小麦的抗病机制。【方法】以小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr41为材料,利用抑制差减杂交技术,构建叶锈菌诱导的小麦叶片cDNA文库,随机挑取文库中的阳性克隆测序,并对测序结果...【目的】研究叶锈菌诱导小麦叶片的基因表达情况,从分子水平阐明小麦的抗病机制。【方法】以小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr41为材料,利用抑制差减杂交技术,构建叶锈菌诱导的小麦叶片cDNA文库,随机挑取文库中的阳性克隆测序,并对测序结果进行功能注释和分类。【结果】成功构建了叶锈菌诱导的小麦叶片抑制差减杂交文库,共获得3 456个阳性克隆。挑取165个阳性克隆进行测序,获得160条高质量EST。对EST序列进行聚类后,共获得107条非重复序列(Unigene),与GenBank进行BLASTx和BLASTn同源比对,其中70条非重复序列与已知基因同源性很高,占全部非重复序列的65.4%。已知功能的EST涉及植物的能量代谢、信号转导、转录调控及抗病防卫等多方面。【结论】通过对功能已知的基因分析,推测促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(serine/threonine protein kinase)、GTP结合蛋白(GTP-binding protein)、钙网蛋白(calreticulin)、过氧化氢酶(catalase)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase)、多聚泛素基因(polyubiquitin)、锌指蛋白(zinc-finger protein)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase)、转脂蛋白(lipid transfer protein)、类甜蛋白(thaumatin-like)、几丁质酶(chitinase)等可能参与了小麦与叶锈菌的非亲和互作过程。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172384 and 31501623)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei (C2020204028)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province (20326505D)the “Hundred Talents Program” for the Introduction of High-level Overseas Talents in Hebei Province (E2020100004)。
文摘Puccinia triticina(Pt), as the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, employs a plethora of effector proteins to modulate wheat immunity for successful colonization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effector-mediated wheat susceptibility remains largely unexplored. In this study, an effector Pt_21 was identified to interact with the apoplast-localized wheat thaumatin-like protein TaTLP1 using a yeast two-hybrid assay and the Pt_21-TaTLP1 interaction was characterized. The interaction between Pt_21 and TaTLP1 was validated by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assay. A TaTLP1 variant,TaTLP1C71A, that was identified by the site-directed mutagenesis failed to interact with Pt_21. Pt_21was able to suppress Bax-mediated cell death in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and inhibit TaTLP1-mediated antifungal activity. Furthermore, infiltration of recombinant protein Pt_21 into leaves of transgenic wheat line overexpressing TaTLP1 enhanced the disease development of leaf rust compared to that in wild-type leaves. These findings demonstrate that Pt_21 suppresses host defense response by directly targeting wheat TaTLP1 and inhibiting its antifungal activity, which broadens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effector-mediated susceptibility in wheat.
基金financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671967)the National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2016YFD0300705)+1 种基金the National GMO New Variety Breeding Project, China (2014ZX0801101B)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-3)
文摘Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most devastating rust fungi attacking wheat worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen from Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan provinces, China, were tested on wheat leaf rust differentials and the population structure was analyzed using four presumably neutral partial sequence markers such as elongation factor-1α(EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH), β-tubulin(TUB) and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit(RPB2). The phenotypic diversity of Yunnan and Sichuan populations was higher than that of Gansu and Henan populations. The four populations were separated into two clusters based on the pathogenic data. A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 32 haplotypes were identified among the four sequences. The 32 haplotypes were divided into two clusters in a neighbor-joining tree. Bayesian analyses also identified two clusters. Pairwise FST between populations in different regions were significantly different(P<0.05). Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that 68% of the total genetic variation was within populations.
文摘Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widely distributed wheat rust in the world. In order to study the genetic structure of leaf rust population 14 pairs of AFLP and 6 pairs of FAFLP primers evaluated on 86 isolates samples collected in Iran during spring of 2009. Results showed that almost all investigated isolates were genetically different and special pattern of AFLP allele’s that confirm high genetic diversity within leaf rust population was observed. Analyses showed, all provinces were classified into three major groups particularly similar clusters were found between then neighboring provinces. Rust spore can follow the migration pattern in short and long distances to neighbor in provinces. Results indicated that the greatest variability was revealed by 97% of genetic differentiation within leaf rust populations and the lesser variation of 3% was observed between the rust populations. These results suggested that each population was not completely identical and high gene flow has occurred among the leaf rust population of different provinces. The highest differentiation and genetic distance among the Iranian leaf rust populations was detected between leaf rust population in Sistan and Baluchistan and highest similarity was observed between in Ardabil provinces. The high pathogenic variability of leaf rust races in Ardabil and Northern Khorasan may be an indication that these two regions are the center of origin of pathogenic arability. Present study shows that leaf rust population in Iran is highly dynamic and variable.
基金partly funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionthe National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research,Education and Extension Service,CAP (2006-55606-16629)the Kan-sas Agricultural Experiment Station,Manhattan,Kansas,USA (10-325-J)
文摘Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an economically-important disease in wheat worldwide.A combination of different types of resistance genes may significantly enhance rust resistance under rust-favorable conditions.To investigate the interactions between the rust resistance gene Lr34 and the lesion mimic gene lm on 1BL in Ning 7840,a segregating F8-10 population of 180 recombinant inbred lines was developed from Ning 7840/Chokwang and evaluated for both lesion mimic expression and leaf rust response at the adult plant stage in a greenhouse.A major quantitative trait locus(QTL),derived from Sumai 3,was co-localized with Lr34 on chromosome 7D and explained 41.5% of phenotypic variations for rust severity and 22.1% for leaf tip necrosis(LTN).The presence of Lr34 was confirmed by Lr34-specific markers cssfr1 and cssfr2 in Ning 7840 and Sumai 3.Unlike Lr34,lm conditioned a spontaneous lesion mimic phenotype and had a significant effect on reducing uredinial size,and a smaller effect on severity.Additive effects were observed between lm and Lr34 for severity and LTN,and an epistatic effect was observed for infection type.Single marker analysis also identified several other QTL with minor effects on severity,infection type,or LTN.
文摘Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown throughout the winter time in Southern Brazil and turns out to be the main agricultural crop at such a year season in the State of Paraná. However, throughout the crop growing season foliar diseases significantly compromise commercial yields in such a manner as to justify the application of fungicides at the right time to control foliar diseases in production fields. The aim of the current manuscript was to assess the impact of different timings for fungicide application (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin) on the control of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina E.) and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) diseases in two wheat genotypes featured by distinct levels of susceptibility in Southern Brazil. A field trial was conducted in Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil, in light of split plot statistical design at an experimental area belonging to CESCAGE. The following treatments were imposed in the current study: control (with no sprays);sprays at the first node, booting and heading;sprays at stem extension and flowering;sprays at booting and heading. Throughout the entire crop growing season, the control treatment was conducive to the highest severity levels for both diseases. The increasing of the area under the diseases progress curve assessed herein substantially impinged upon yield components of both wheat genotypes under scrutiny. In general, fungicide sprays at the first node did not culminate in economical advantages. The best timing for fungicide application was the one ascribed to booting and heading stages.
文摘【目的】研究叶锈菌诱导小麦叶片的基因表达情况,从分子水平阐明小麦的抗病机制。【方法】以小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr41为材料,利用抑制差减杂交技术,构建叶锈菌诱导的小麦叶片cDNA文库,随机挑取文库中的阳性克隆测序,并对测序结果进行功能注释和分类。【结果】成功构建了叶锈菌诱导的小麦叶片抑制差减杂交文库,共获得3 456个阳性克隆。挑取165个阳性克隆进行测序,获得160条高质量EST。对EST序列进行聚类后,共获得107条非重复序列(Unigene),与GenBank进行BLASTx和BLASTn同源比对,其中70条非重复序列与已知基因同源性很高,占全部非重复序列的65.4%。已知功能的EST涉及植物的能量代谢、信号转导、转录调控及抗病防卫等多方面。【结论】通过对功能已知的基因分析,推测促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(serine/threonine protein kinase)、GTP结合蛋白(GTP-binding protein)、钙网蛋白(calreticulin)、过氧化氢酶(catalase)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase)、多聚泛素基因(polyubiquitin)、锌指蛋白(zinc-finger protein)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase)、转脂蛋白(lipid transfer protein)、类甜蛋白(thaumatin-like)、几丁质酶(chitinase)等可能参与了小麦与叶锈菌的非亲和互作过程。
