不同施肥措施对岩质坡面覆土平台区葛(Pueraria lobata)生长影响的综合评价

为获得一种有利于石灰岩矿岩质坡面覆土平台区葛[Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi]快速生长的土壤基质改良措施,以无为杨家岭石灰岩矿东采区第三阶平台区已实施表层覆土的岩质坡面作为试验区,评价不同施肥措施对葛在重构土壤上的生长状况。试验小区设置:A(100%复合肥)、B(75%复合肥+25%有机肥)、C(50%复合肥+50%有机肥)、D(25%复合肥+75%有机肥)、E(100%有机肥)、CK(对照,不施肥)。2022年8月,对葛的生理生化指标进行分析,并用熵权法对葛的生长状况进行综合评价。结果表明:与CK相比,施肥措施均增加了葛的株长及其叶片的干重,提高了含水率、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量、可溶性蛋白质含量以及3种抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性,同时均降低了叶片的MDA含量。综合评价结果表明,25%复合肥+75%有机肥的处理最利于葛的生长,可用于该岩质坡面植被重建的生产实践。

Preparation and Performance of Pueraria lobata Root Powder/Polylactic Acid Composite Films

Petroleum-based materials,such as plastic,are characterized by adverse environmental pollution;as a result,researchers have sought alternative degradable plastics that are environmentally friendly,such as polylactic acid(PLA).PLA has shown great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics.In this study,seven different samples of unmodified Pueraria lobata root powder(PRP)with different contents(i.e.,0,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 wt%)and three different modified PRPs(i.e.,treated with NaOH,NaOH-KH-550,and Formic)were used to reinforce polylactic acid(PLA)via solution casting process.These prepared PRP/PLA composite films were characterized using SEM,FTIR,UV-visible spectra analysis,TG,DSC,weight loss measurement(wt%),and mechanical measurements.The results showed that the PRP modified with KH-550(PRPK)intensified the interaction in the interface region between the PRP and the PLA matrix,thus increasing the tensile strength(54.5 MPa),elongation at break(2.8%),and Young’s modulus(3310 MPa)of the PRPK/PLA biofilms.Contact angle measurement showed that the PRP treatments contributed to the hydrophobicity of films.The transparency of PRP-10/PLA film atλ_(800)was 11.09%,and its UVA and UVB transmittance were 3.28 and 1.16,respectively.After blending PLA with PRP,the PRP/PLA composite films exhibited excellent biodegradability.In summary,PRPK improved the mechanical properties of PLA and prevented the films from ultraviolet light,suggesting that PRPK-5/PLA film could be used as packaging materials.

Chemical Constituents from Pueraria lobata

Pueraria lobata ( Wild. ) Ohwi ( Ye-Ge in Chinese ) is a perennial herb ofthe genus Pueraria, which belongs to the Leguminosae family. It is commonly employed to relievefever and dysentery, promote the production of body fluid, reduce stiffness and pain of the nape,and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, e. g. hypertension, myocardial infarction, andarrhythmia. Previous phytochemical studies on P. lobata reported a number of bioactive isoflavones,e. g. daidzein, daidzin, and puerarin. Further investigation of its root has led to isolation offourteen compounds and their structures were identified as daidzein, ononin, daidzin, 3'' -methoxypuerarin, puerarin, pueroside B, daidzein-8-C-apiosyl- (1-6)-glucoside, 3''-hydroxy-puerarin,puerarinxyloside, daidzein-7, 4'' -O-glucoside, puerarin-4''-O-glucoside, mirificin-4''-O-glucoside,sissotorin, and pueroside C. Compounds 11 and 13 were isolated from the root of P. lobata for thefirst time.

野葛(Pueraria lobata)愈伤组织诱导及组织培养

以野葛茎尖分生组织为外植体,通过不同激素与MS培养基配比试验,筛选出野葛茎尖分生组织愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的最适培养基,建立野葛植株再生体系。试验结果表明:茎尖分生组织在MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L培养基上启动诱导愈伤组织,再转移到MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L继续诱导,愈伤组织诱导率高,繁殖能力旺盛。在MS+6-BA 1 mg/L培养基上愈伤组织分化率100%,生长能力较强。在MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,诱导生根率达到60%。

Ultrasonically Assisted Extraction of Isoflavones from Stem of Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi and Its Mathematical Model

Ultrasonically assisted extraction of isoflavones from the stem of Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi has been carried out with an ultrasonic extracting apparatus （20kHz, electrical power input to the transducer in 0-650W）. The influence of the electrical power input and extraction time on the＇extraction yield is investigated in water, n-butanol, and 95% （by volume） and 50% （by volume） ethanol aqueous solution. The experimental results indicate that the yields of total isoflavones are higher in ultrasonically assisted extraction than those obtained from con-ventional extraction.Moreover,a mathematical model is proposed,by introducing the electrical power input to index the ultrsound intensity,to describe the behavior of ultrasonically assisted extraction.It is found that the model calcuations are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Kinetics of Leaching Flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with Ethanol

The kinetics of leaching flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with ethanol was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, mechanical agitation rate, concentration of ethanol and feed particle size on leaching kinetics were examined. It is found that the smaller the feed particle size or the higher the leaching temperature, the higher the leaching rate. The leaching process can be described by the shrinking-core model. The apparent activation energy is 10.8kJ·mol^-1, suggesting that the leaching process is controlled by the inner diffusion. An empirical equation relating the flavonoids leaching rate constant to the feed particle size and leaching temperature was expected.

Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Promoting Isoflavonoid Production and Release of Pueraria Lobata Hairy Roots in Vitro

The effects of various rare earth elements on growth and isoflavonoid production in hairy root cultures of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (strain TR2) cultured in 500 ml flasks were studied. After 32 days of culture, the biomass of hairy roots increase 15 times and reach 3.2 g dry weight. Hairy root growth was inhibited by Y_2O_3, NaSeO_3 and Sm^(3+) because of brown formation. But significant promoting effect on root growth due to callus formation was observed in La^(3+) treatments. It is the most noteworthy that the production of total isoflavonoids and puerarin was enhanced greatly by La^(3+) treatment. A major portion of increased total isoflavonoids and puerarin was released into medium in La^(3+) treatment while the hairy root viabilities were preserved. Some specific secondary metabolite release processes could be induced by La^(3+) and their possible mechanism is discussed.

Comparative molecular docking studies of lupeol and lupenone isolated from Pueraria lobata that inhibits BACE1: Probable remedies for Alzheimer's disease

Objective: To discover lead lupane triterpenoid's potential isolated from Pueraria lobata roots against b-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1), which serve as a rate limiting step in amyloid beta(Aβ) production altering the course of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, enzyme kinetics study and molecular docking were conducted to establish the inhibition type and structure activity relationship.Methods: A systematic study of 70% ethanolic P. lobata root extract was employed to identify its BACE1 inhibitory potential. Further, BACE1 inhibitory potential of two lupane terpenoids, yielded from ethanolic extract, was assessed. In order to determine their inhibition mode, Lineweaver–Burk plots and Michaelis–Menten model for BACE1 was performed. Auto Dock 4.2 program in addition determined the molecular interaction of BACE1 with isolated terpenoids.Results: Considering the inhibitory potential of 70% ethanolic extract of P. lobata against BACE1(IC_(50)= 80.35 mg/mL), lupeol and lupenone were subsequently isolated and exhibited notable or moderate BACE1 inhibitory activity with IC_(50) values of 5.12 and 62.98 mmol/L, respectively, as compared to the positive control quercetin(IC_(50)= 21.28 mmol/L). The enzyme kinetics study enabled us to identify both compounds as competitive inhibitors, where lupeol displayed a very potent inhibition against BACE1 with low inhibition constant(Ki) value of 1.43 mmol/L, signifying greater binding affinity.In order to understand the binding mechanism and structure–activity relationship of two triterpene-based BACE1 inhibitors, we employed computer aided docking studies which evidently revealed that hydroxyl group of lupeol formed two hydrogen bonds with the ASP32(catalytic aspartic residue) and SER35 residues of BACE1 with the binding energy of(-8.2 kcal/mol), while the ketone group of lupenone did not form any hydrogen bonds with BACE1 giving evidence for less binding affinity. These results in turn have predicted the dependence of the inhibitory activity in the presence of hydroxyl group which has provided a new basis for BACE1 blockade.Conclusions: Our results have successfully explored the molecular mechanism of lupane triterpenoids via BACE1 inhibition, suggesting that lupeol in particular could be utilized as a useful therapeutic and preventive agent to mitigate Alzheimer's disease.

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate of Pueraria lobataand its impact factors

In order to identify the relationship between diurnal changes in the net photosynthetic rate（Pn） of Pueraria lobata and environmental factors,diurnal changes in the Pn of leaves of two P.lobata cultivars were measured using a CIRAS-1 portable photosynthesis measurement system（PP-Systems,UK）.The results show that diurnal changes in Pn of both cultivars could be interpreted as double-peak curves,indicating the occurrence of an obvious midday depression.Further analyses indicate that the correlation between Pn and stomatal conductance was positive and extremely significant（p 〈 0.01）.The correlations of Pn with intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were positive and significant（p 〈 0.05）,while the correlations of Pn with air and leaf temperatures were negative and significant（p 〈 0.05）.The results indicate that among the factors affecting photosynthetic properties,some can be grouped as stomatal limitations while others are non-stomatal limitations.

Study on the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Pueraria lobata in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the synergistic mechanism of salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata of multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:The chemical components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata were queried and screened through the pharmacological database and analysis platform of traditional Chinese medicine system,and the chemical components were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database.At the same time,the related targets of T2DM were searched and screened from GeneCards,TTD,DrugBank and Disgenet databases.The chemical composition targets and disease targets are intersected,and the PPI network of intersection targets is constructed by using STRING11.0 database,and the PPI network nodes are screened to get the key targets.The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the key targets are carried out.Results:A total of 70 chemical constituents and 51 key targets for the interaction between chemical components and diseases were obtained through retrieval and screening.After enrichment and analysis of 51 key targets,a total of 71 cellular components,85 molecular functions,559 biological processes and 137 signal pathways were obtained.The treatment of T2DM with Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata may be related to AGE-RAGE,Pl3K-Akt,ErbB,insulin resistance,HIF-1 and other signal pathways.Conclusion:This study preliminarily reveals the action mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata on the treatment of T2DM with multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways,which provides a certain basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata pairs.

Comparative Study on Natural Selenium-enriching Ability of 7 Main Cultivars of Pueraria lobata

[Objectives]To screen out the selenium-enriched Pueraria lobata varieties suitable for cultivation in Guangxi according to the natural selenium-enriching ability of 7 main cultivars.[Methods]Taking 7 main cultivars of P.lobata in different places as experimental materials,field cultivation was carried out on the selenium-enriched yellow soil in Shanglin County,Nanning City of Guangxi,to study the difference in selenium-enriching ability of different main cultivars and the comparison of selenium content in different parts,as well as the transport mechanism.[Results]Under the condition of soil selenium content of 0.78 mg/kg,the selenium content of the root tubers of the 7 main cultivars all reached the selenium-enrichment standard.The selenium content of a single root tuber of Heping Variety in Teng County,Guangxi was the highest,at 0.061 mg/kg;Guifenge No.1 was the second at 0.055 mg/kg,and the total selenium accumulation per unit area was the largest.The ranking of selenium content in different parts of the same variety was:leaf>vine>head>root tuber.[Conclusions]Guifenge No.1 has the highest yield and the largest total selenium accumulation,so it is the most suitable natural selenium-enriched variety for cultivation.

Kinetics of Leaching Flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with Ethanol

The kinetics of leaching flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with ethanol was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, mechanical agitation rate,concentration of ethanol and feed particle size on leaching kinetics were examined.It is found that the smaller the feed particle size or the higher the leaching temperature,the higher the leaching rate. The leaching process can be described by the shrinking-core model. The apparent activation en- ergy is 10.8kJ·mol-1, suggesting that the leaching process is controlled by the inner diffusion. An empirical equa- tion relating the flavonoids leaching rate constant to the feed particle size and leaching temperature was expected.

Study on the Production Technology of Pueraria lobata Jelly

An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal production formula of Pueraria lobata jelly combining P. lobata,red beans and sugar as the main raw materials. The isoflavone contents in P. lobata and the P. lobata jelly were determined by colorimetry and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the optimal formula for the product was: P. lobata paste 50%,red bean paste 60%,and white granular sugar and agar 20% and 3% of the total weight of P. lobata paste and bean paste,respectively. The development of this product is of great significance to the utilization of P. lobata.

Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi and Content Determination of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi at Different Altitudes

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi. [Methods]The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi. With the puerarin as index,the reflux extraction and single factor test were employed to investigate the effects of temperature,time,ethanol concentration and solid-liquid ratio on the content of total flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi,respectively. Under the optimal extraction technology,the content of total flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi at different altitudes was determined.[Results] The optimum extraction process was as follows: 70%ethanol; solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30; 1 h reflux extraction. Under these conditions,the extraction rate of flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi was 11. 48%,the total flavonoids content of different kudzu parts was in the order of roots > stems > leaves,and the total flavonoids content of the sample at about an altitude of 1000 m was significantly higher than at the altitudes of 1400 m and 1700 m.[Conclusions]It was suggested that the Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi should not be cultivated as medicinal plant in too high mountains,and the stems and leaves of Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi could be used as raw materials for extracting total flavonoids.

Analysis on Nutritional and Functional Components of Different Pueraria lobata Roots

This paper made analysis and evaluation of nutritional components and functional components of different Pueraria lobata roots. Nutritional components mainly include water,ash content,fat,reducing sugar,starch and cellulose; functional components mainly include flavone and polyphenol. Pueraria lobata root No. 1 has highest ash content,flavone,and polyphenol but lowest fat,so it is suitable for using as medical Pueraria lobata root resource. Pueraria lobata root No. 5 has starch content as high as 64. 43%,and is recommended using as vegetable and processing into Pueraria lobata powder. Pueraria lobata root No. 5 has cellulose content as high as 17. 79% and is recommended processing into Pueraria lobata tablets. Through comparison of nutritional and functional components of different Pueraria lobata roots,it is intended to provide reference for variety selection,breeding,production and processing of Pueraria lobata roots.

Applications of Pueraria lobata in treating diabetics and reducing alcohol drinking

Pueraria lobata is one of the most important medicinal herbs used traditionally in China. According to Shanghan Lun(Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease), it has been used traditionally to relieve body heat,eye soring, dry mouth, headache associated with high blood pressure, and stiff neck problems. Modern studies in the 1970 s revealed that isoflavonoids extracted from P. lobata were the bioactive components of an herbal remedy namely Yufeng Ningxin Tablets for the treatment of patients after stroke. This article reviews recent application of P. lobota in the treatment of diabetics and in reducing alcohol drinking. In view of its low toxicity profile, P. lobota stands an excellent chance to be developed as a phytomedicine for treating human diseases.

葛根全粉添加对重组米蒸煮特性的影响

为实现葛根的全质化利用,将葛根制成全粉并用于重组米的制备,评价葛根全粉对重组米蒸煮特性、质构特性和微观结构的影响。研究发现,随着葛根全粉添加量的增加重组米的L~*值降低,而ΔE值增加。重组米在葛根全粉添加量为0%时糊化度最低,为69.27%,但随着添加量的增加糊化度无显著性差异(p>0.05);而碘蓝值随着葛根全粉添加量的增加而呈减小的趋势,20%时最低,为15.55。不同葛根全粉添加量下重组米蒸煮吸水率无显著性差异,蒸煮吸水率范围为217.84%~235.17%,高于市售原米,但是低于市售重组米;蒸煮损失率和膨胀率都随着添加量的增加呈先减小后增加趋势。葛根全粉的添加显著增加重组米的黄酮和多酚含量,添加量20%时分别为3.80 mg/g和2.42 mg/g,相对于原米其含量增加2.62倍和3.56倍。与市售重组米和原米相比,添加葛根全粉后的重组米截面呈蜂窝状,有密集的微孔,重组米的硬度、黏性、弹性和咀嚼性增加。

低温胁迫对3份葛种质萌发过程中脯氨酸和抗坏血酸谷胱甘肽循环代谢的影响

为探究不同温度处理对葛种子萌发时脯氨酸代谢和抗坏血酸谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响,以来自澳大利亚(AUS),以及中国江苏(JS)和湖南(HN)的3份葛种质为研究对象,通过纸上发芽试验,研究不同处理(CK,25℃;LT,15℃;LTI1,10℃;LTI2,0.1%H_(2)O_(2)浸种+10℃)下3份葛种质脯氨酸含量、脯氨酸代谢关键酶活性、AsA-GSH循环代谢中非酶抗氧化剂含量和酶抗氧化剂活性的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,低温胁迫下葛的丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量升高,脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性降低,添加H_(2)O_(2)促使脯氨酸、(还原型)抗坏血酸(AsA)、氧化型抗坏血酸(DHA)、(还原型)谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量增加,Δ1-吡咯林-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)、鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性增强,提高葛藤的耐低温性能。结合隶属函数分析,判定3份葛种质的耐低温性从强到弱依次为HN>AUS>JS。

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术与多元统计分析相结合的中药葛根快速定量研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合多元统计分析,建立中药葛根中有效物质快速检测的质量评价体系,以期为葛根的快速、精准含量测定提供新方法,推动其质量控制,缓解当前野葛的品质危机。分别利用烘干法、HPLC法和紫外分光光度法测定葛根中的水分、葛根素、总黄酮、葛根多糖的含量,并对其中红外光谱进行聚类分析和主成分分析,后运用化学计量学方法,建立关于目标组分的快速鉴别的红外预测模型。发现葛根各产地含量测定结果表明其含量差异明显,其中陕西咸阳产地葛根素、以及总黄酮含量均最多,广西南宁葛根多糖含量最高。聚类分析显示各产地葛根中红外光谱具有相似性和差异性,可作为产地鉴别的依据。主成分分析表明前三个主成分的累计方差贡献率为88.32%,湖北恩施产地葛根样品的综合得分最高。红外定量模型结果表明水分以PLS+CONSTANT+2ndDer+SG模型最优,葛根素以SmLR+MSC+2ndDer+ND模型最优,葛根总黄酮以PLS+SNV+2ndDer+SG模型最优,葛根多糖以PLS+MSC+2ndDer+SG模型最优,其红外预测模型相关系数均大于0.8,表明其预测模型精密度高,稳定性强。结论:通过傅里叶变换光谱技术建立的葛根有效成分的定量模型可以实现对未知葛根有效成分的含量测定,且该法方便快捷,定量预测模型能够准确预测目标组分的含量,为葛根有效成分的快速、无损测定提供了新的方法依据。

基于层次分析法(AHP)优化葛根乙醇提取物制备工艺及其抗氧化活性检测

基于层次分析法(AHP)计算综合评分,在单因素试验基础上采用正交试验设计,优化回流法制备葛根乙醇提取物的工艺,并测定葛根乙醇提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明:葛根乙醇提取物的最佳制备工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1:15(g/mL)、提取时间45min、提取次数2次,在此条件下综合评分平均值为19.33。抗氧化试验测得葛根乙醇提取物对DPPH和羟基自由基清除率最大分别为55.56%和78.22%,具有一定的抗氧化活性。