The development of text messaging in cell phones has influenced punctuation variations in written language. In order to determine how text messaging has resulted in paradigm shift in the traditional uses of punctuatio...The development of text messaging in cell phones has influenced punctuation variations in written language. In order to determine how text messaging has resulted in paradigm shift in the traditional uses of punctuation marks, this paper explores how punctuation marks vary with language, location, register and time, and how they are constantly evolving. The discussion in this paper is structured around Coupland＇s sociolinguistic theory. The findings reveal that new technology has impacted on the traditional uses of punctuation marks. Thus, the results show that the use of punctuation markers in Short Message Service （SMS） texts is complex. Moreover, the use of punctuation marks in Kenyan text messages reveals personal stylistic choices. However, it is apparent that Kenyan text messages are shaped by social variables.展开更多
The Dabie metamorphic terrane is tectonically located within the intersection area of the WNW trending east Qinling orogenic belt with the NNE trending west Pacific domain. The Punctuated multistage convergent movemen...The Dabie metamorphic terrane is tectonically located within the intersection area of the WNW trending east Qinling orogenic belt with the NNE trending west Pacific domain. The Punctuated multistage convergent movement and the emplacemeat of YanShanian granitoid intrusions account for the complication of its tectonic framework. The Dabie metamorphic complex is composed of 3 units: supracrustals of early Precambrian age, granite gneiss and metamorphic magic rocks of lats Precambrian age. Three major metsmorphic Stages can be traced, i. e. granulite factes, amphibolite facies of Precambrian and the HP/ LT epidote amphibolite and greenschist facies of Phanerozoic. The Hong'an Group underlying the Dabie complex shows epidote amphibolite facies which is probably synchronous with the amphibolite facies of the Dabie complex. The Protolith of the HP and UHP eclogiter are diversided. The amphibole, epidote and other mineral inclusions within the eclogite minerals testify to the earlier history of Pre-eclogitic metamorphism. The peak metamorphic assemblage coesite-omphacite-garnet is superimposed by amphibolite, epidote amphibolite and greenschist facies of retrograde metamorphism. In many regions the eclogites appear as pods, lenses and layers within ductile shear zones having synkinematic greenschist or epidote amphibolite facies of retrograde metamorphism. The Sm-Nd isochron of whole rock and garnet combined with Ph-Ph dating of zircon crystals from Mifengjian eclogite block in Hubei suggest that the UHI, metamorphism probably took Place nearly 480 Ma Which evideoces one of the most important tertono-thermal events of the punctuated evolution in the Dabie terrane.展开更多
Taiwan is currently facing the serious challenge of decreasing enrollment in higher education institutes （HEIs） due to the oversupply of these institutions and decreasing birthrates. This has necessitated that polic...Taiwan is currently facing the serious challenge of decreasing enrollment in higher education institutes （HEIs） due to the oversupply of these institutions and decreasing birthrates. This has necessitated that policymakers implement new policies to meet the demands of the market. This paper uses punctuated equilibrium theory （PET） to explain the circumstances that led to the overexpansion of Taiwan＇s higher education institutions over the past decades. This article also analyzes the social contexts and ramifications of social conflict regarding public expectations and policy changes in the ideology of the educational reform movement.展开更多
Looking for ways to establish solid links between Complexity Sciences and Economics, new evidence comes in form of studies that can serve to validate models as the Sandpile and the phenomenon of punctuated equilibrium...Looking for ways to establish solid links between Complexity Sciences and Economics, new evidence comes in form of studies that can serve to validate models as the Sandpile and the phenomenon of punctuated equilibrium, when considering the portability of the theories and models from the Complexity Sciences to Economics. This is a review of a former paper on the Taylor Rule and the Sandpile in the light of new findings regarding the recent US Housing Bubble.展开更多
. Applied Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities, abbreviated to Appl. Math.-- JCU, is a nationwide journal sponsored by Zhejiang University' The Journal aims at issuing academic works in Applied Mathematic.... Applied Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities, abbreviated to Appl. Math.-- JCU, is a nationwide journal sponsored by Zhejiang University' The Journal aims at issuing academic works in Applied Mathematics: original theoretical and (or) methodological research results, and innovative applications in practical fields. From 1994 on, one volume will be publishedper annum,consisting of four issues in chinese, appeared quarterly as Ser. A,and four issues inEnglish, appeared quarterly as Ser. B. Contents in the two series will'not overlap. The Journal isdistributed domestically and abroad.2. Instructions to author(s)Appl. Math. -- JCU Ser. B publishes full length papers. In view of the high cost of printing, authors should keep their papers as short as are consistent with clarity' Unnecessary introductory material should be avoided. Graphical presentation of information should be confined toas few separate diagrams as are practicable. The rules of grammar should be observed.The submission of an article will be taken to indicate that it has not been and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere.Script Requirements for All ArticlesManuscript: The manuscript must be typed in English double--spaced on one side of A4 goodquality white paper. The maximum length of an article is 15 pages, including diagrams and tables. Two copies of an article are reguired for submission (not to be returned).Abstract A short Abstract not exceeding 200 words should appear at the beginning of the paper after the title, name (s) of author (s), affiliation(s) and address (es). It should contain no reference and mathematical symbols should be kept to a minumum.展开更多
Sentence Boundary Disambiguation(SBD)is a preprocessing step for natural language processing.Segmenting text into sentences is essential for Deep Learning(DL)and pretraining language models.Tibetan punctuation marks m...Sentence Boundary Disambiguation(SBD)is a preprocessing step for natural language processing.Segmenting text into sentences is essential for Deep Learning(DL)and pretraining language models.Tibetan punctuation marks may involve ambiguity about the sentences’beginnings and endings.Hence,the ambiguous punctuation marks must be distinguished,and the sentence structure must be correctly encoded in language models.This study proposed a component-level Tibetan SBD approach based on the DL model.The models can reduce the error amplification caused by word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging.Although most SBD methods have only considered text on the left side of punctuation marks,this study considers the text on both sides.In this study,465669 Tibetan sentences are adopted,and a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)model is used to perform SBD.The experimental results show that the F1-score of the Bi-LSTM model reached 96%,the most efficient among the six models.Experiments are performed on low-resource languages such as Turkish and Romanian,and high-resource languages such as English and German,to verify the models’generalization.展开更多
The paper discusses the characteristics of the trigonioidacean evolution, including stagecharacter, pattern of the punctuated equilibria, periodic reappearance phenomenon of similarmorphology and synchronous orientati...The paper discusses the characteristics of the trigonioidacean evolution, including stagecharacter, pattern of the punctuated equilibria, periodic reappearance phenomenon of similarmorphology and synchronous orientation parallelism.This indicates that the trigonioida-ceans were themselves the material foundation cf their evolution.It is pointed out that thecharacteristics reflect the regularity of their genetic material mutations.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate by numerical simulations the Bak-Sneppenmodel (BSM) for biological evolution on scale-free networks (SFNs) with various degree exponents γ. We find that the punctuated equilibrium is rat...In this paper, we investigate by numerical simulations the Bak-Sneppenmodel (BSM) for biological evolution on scale-free networks (SFNs) with various degree exponents γ. We find that the punctuated equilibrium is rather robust with respect to the network topology. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of the criticalaverage fitness h fi ∗ and the exponent τ of h fi 0 avalanche as a function of α (i.e., the degree exponent γ). Our observations indicate the dependence of evolutionary dynamicsof BSM on the complex biosystem topology.展开更多
文摘The development of text messaging in cell phones has influenced punctuation variations in written language. In order to determine how text messaging has resulted in paradigm shift in the traditional uses of punctuation marks, this paper explores how punctuation marks vary with language, location, register and time, and how they are constantly evolving. The discussion in this paper is structured around Coupland＇s sociolinguistic theory. The findings reveal that new technology has impacted on the traditional uses of punctuation marks. Thus, the results show that the use of punctuation markers in Short Message Service （SMS） texts is complex. Moreover, the use of punctuation marks in Kenyan text messages reveals personal stylistic choices. However, it is apparent that Kenyan text messages are shaped by social variables.
文摘The Dabie metamorphic terrane is tectonically located within the intersection area of the WNW trending east Qinling orogenic belt with the NNE trending west Pacific domain. The Punctuated multistage convergent movement and the emplacemeat of YanShanian granitoid intrusions account for the complication of its tectonic framework. The Dabie metamorphic complex is composed of 3 units: supracrustals of early Precambrian age, granite gneiss and metamorphic magic rocks of lats Precambrian age. Three major metsmorphic Stages can be traced, i. e. granulite factes, amphibolite facies of Precambrian and the HP/ LT epidote amphibolite and greenschist facies of Phanerozoic. The Hong'an Group underlying the Dabie complex shows epidote amphibolite facies which is probably synchronous with the amphibolite facies of the Dabie complex. The Protolith of the HP and UHP eclogiter are diversided. The amphibole, epidote and other mineral inclusions within the eclogite minerals testify to the earlier history of Pre-eclogitic metamorphism. The peak metamorphic assemblage coesite-omphacite-garnet is superimposed by amphibolite, epidote amphibolite and greenschist facies of retrograde metamorphism. In many regions the eclogites appear as pods, lenses and layers within ductile shear zones having synkinematic greenschist or epidote amphibolite facies of retrograde metamorphism. The Sm-Nd isochron of whole rock and garnet combined with Ph-Ph dating of zircon crystals from Mifengjian eclogite block in Hubei suggest that the UHI, metamorphism probably took Place nearly 480 Ma Which evideoces one of the most important tertono-thermal events of the punctuated evolution in the Dabie terrane.
文摘Taiwan is currently facing the serious challenge of decreasing enrollment in higher education institutes （HEIs） due to the oversupply of these institutions and decreasing birthrates. This has necessitated that policymakers implement new policies to meet the demands of the market. This paper uses punctuated equilibrium theory （PET） to explain the circumstances that led to the overexpansion of Taiwan＇s higher education institutions over the past decades. This article also analyzes the social contexts and ramifications of social conflict regarding public expectations and policy changes in the ideology of the educational reform movement.
文摘Looking for ways to establish solid links between Complexity Sciences and Economics, new evidence comes in form of studies that can serve to validate models as the Sandpile and the phenomenon of punctuated equilibrium, when considering the portability of the theories and models from the Complexity Sciences to Economics. This is a review of a former paper on the Taylor Rule and the Sandpile in the light of new findings regarding the recent US Housing Bubble.
文摘. Applied Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities, abbreviated to Appl. Math.-- JCU, is a nationwide journal sponsored by Zhejiang University' The Journal aims at issuing academic works in Applied Mathematics: original theoretical and (or) methodological research results, and innovative applications in practical fields. From 1994 on, one volume will be publishedper annum,consisting of four issues in chinese, appeared quarterly as Ser. A,and four issues inEnglish, appeared quarterly as Ser. B. Contents in the two series will'not overlap. The Journal isdistributed domestically and abroad.2. Instructions to author(s)Appl. Math. -- JCU Ser. B publishes full length papers. In view of the high cost of printing, authors should keep their papers as short as are consistent with clarity' Unnecessary introductory material should be avoided. Graphical presentation of information should be confined toas few separate diagrams as are practicable. The rules of grammar should be observed.The submission of an article will be taken to indicate that it has not been and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere.Script Requirements for All ArticlesManuscript: The manuscript must be typed in English double--spaced on one side of A4 goodquality white paper. The maximum length of an article is 15 pages, including diagrams and tables. Two copies of an article are reguired for submission (not to be returned).Abstract A short Abstract not exceeding 200 words should appear at the beginning of the paper after the title, name (s) of author (s), affiliation(s) and address (es). It should contain no reference and mathematical symbols should be kept to a minumum.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC0832500)the Ministry of Education-China Mobile Research Foundation(No.MCM20170206)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.lzujbky-2022-kb12,lzujbky-2021-sp43,lzujbky-2020-sp02,lzujbky-2019-kb51,and lzujbky-2018-k12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61402210)the Science and Technology Plan of Qinghai Province(No.2020-GX-164)the Google Research Awards and Google Faculty Award,the Provincial Science and Technology Plan(Major Science and Technology Projects-Open Solicitation)(No.22ZD6GA048)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Innovation Consortium Project(No.21ZD3GA002)the Gansu Province Green and Smart Highway Key Technology Research and Demonstration。
文摘Sentence Boundary Disambiguation(SBD)is a preprocessing step for natural language processing.Segmenting text into sentences is essential for Deep Learning(DL)and pretraining language models.Tibetan punctuation marks may involve ambiguity about the sentences’beginnings and endings.Hence,the ambiguous punctuation marks must be distinguished,and the sentence structure must be correctly encoded in language models.This study proposed a component-level Tibetan SBD approach based on the DL model.The models can reduce the error amplification caused by word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging.Although most SBD methods have only considered text on the left side of punctuation marks,this study considers the text on both sides.In this study,465669 Tibetan sentences are adopted,and a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM)model is used to perform SBD.The experimental results show that the F1-score of the Bi-LSTM model reached 96%,the most efficient among the six models.Experiments are performed on low-resource languages such as Turkish and Romanian,and high-resource languages such as English and German,to verify the models’generalization.
文摘The paper discusses the characteristics of the trigonioidacean evolution, including stagecharacter, pattern of the punctuated equilibria, periodic reappearance phenomenon of similarmorphology and synchronous orientation parallelism.This indicates that the trigonioida-ceans were themselves the material foundation cf their evolution.It is pointed out that thecharacteristics reflect the regularity of their genetic material mutations.
基金L.Guo thanks Prof.W.Li for his valuable suggestions and comments.This work was supported by the NSFC(10635020)the programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities under Grant No.B08033+1 种基金the State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China(2008CB317103)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(306022 and IRT0624).
文摘In this paper, we investigate by numerical simulations the Bak-Sneppenmodel (BSM) for biological evolution on scale-free networks (SFNs) with various degree exponents γ. We find that the punctuated equilibrium is rather robust with respect to the network topology. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of the criticalaverage fitness h fi ∗ and the exponent τ of h fi 0 avalanche as a function of α (i.e., the degree exponent γ). Our observations indicate the dependence of evolutionary dynamicsof BSM on the complex biosystem topology.
