为进一步探明陕西省榆林市樟子松人工林的土壤养分变化特征,以5年生樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)纯林和5年生樟子松-胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)混交林为研究对象,分析土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾...为进一步探明陕西省榆林市樟子松人工林的土壤养分变化特征,以5年生樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)纯林和5年生樟子松-胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)混交林为研究对象,分析土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾等理化指标以及土壤酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量整体上均随着土层深度的增加呈下降趋势,全磷含量均随着土层深度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,硝态氮含量则均随着土壤深度的增加而增加,5个指标均表现为樟子松-胡枝子混交林高于樟子松纯林,且樟子松-胡枝子混交林各层土壤有效磷含量均显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05);樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤含水率各土层间差异均不显著,樟子松-胡枝子混交林5~15 cm土层土壤含水率含量显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05);樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性均随着土层深度的增加而降低,且樟子松-胡枝子混交林过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性在各土层均显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05)。展开更多
Background:Ecological niche modeling of the main forest-forming species within the same geographic range contributes significantly to understanding the coexistence of species and the regularities of formation of their...Background:Ecological niche modeling of the main forest-forming species within the same geographic range contributes significantly to understanding the coexistence of species and the regularities of formation of their current spatial distribution.The main abiotic and biotic environmental variables,as well as species dispersal capability,affecting the spatial distribution of the main forest-forming species in the Caucasus,have not been sufficiently studied.Methods:We conducted studies within the physiographic boundaries of the Caucasus,including the Russian Federation,Georgia,Armenia,and Azerbaijan.Our studies focused on ecological niche modeling of pure fir,spruce,pine,beech,hornbeam,and birch forests through species distribution modeling and the concept of BAM(Biotic-Abiotic-Movement)diagram.We selected 648 geographic records of pure forests occurrence.ENVIREM and SoilGrids databases,statistical tools in R,Maxent were used to assess the influence of abiotic,biotic,and movement factors on the spatial distribution of the forest-forming species.Results:Geographic expression of fundamental ecological niches of the main forest-forming species depended mainly on topographic conditions and water regime.Competitor influence reduced the potential ranges of the studied species by 1.2–1.7 times to the geographic expression of their realized niches and led to differences in the distribution of species with similar requirements for abiotic conditions.Movement factor significantly limited the areas suitable for pure forests(by 1.2–1.8 times compared with geographic expression of realized ecological niches),except for birch forests.Conclusion:Distribution maps,constructed by abiotic,biotic,and movement factors,were the models of the occupied distributional area of the forest-forming species in the Caucasus.Biotic and movement factors should be considered in modeling studies of forest ecosystems if models are to have biological meaning and reality.展开更多
Understory vegetation in the Casuarina equisetifolia forests at different ages was sampled and analyzed fi rstly, and then the structural features, biomass, and distribution characteristics of carbon stock of the unde...Understory vegetation in the Casuarina equisetifolia forests at different ages was sampled and analyzed fi rstly, and then the structural features, biomass, and distribution characteristics of carbon stock of the understory vegetation, as well as the quantity and thickness of the understory litter were studied. The results show that the understory vegetation in the C. equisetifolia forests is mainly composed of herbaceous plants, and there are nearly no shrubs in the study area. Moreover, the quantity of herbaceous plants rises obviously with the increase of forest age. There is a big difference between the woodlands at different ages in total biomass of herbaceous plants, and the maximum of total biomass can be found in 15-year-old woodland, reaching 1.68 t/hm^2; the biomass of overground parts of herbaceous plants is higher than that of underground parts. There is a big difference between the woodlands at different ages in thickness of the understory litter, and the thickness of understory litter in 10-yearold woodland is the highest, reaching 6.67 cm. The maximum quantity of the understory litter has reached 14.69 t/hm^2, and the thickness of the half decomposed litter is larger than that of the undercomposed litter in most woodlands.展开更多
文摘为进一步探明陕西省榆林市樟子松人工林的土壤养分变化特征,以5年生樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)纯林和5年生樟子松-胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)混交林为研究对象,分析土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾等理化指标以及土壤酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量整体上均随着土层深度的增加呈下降趋势,全磷含量均随着土层深度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,硝态氮含量则均随着土壤深度的增加而增加,5个指标均表现为樟子松-胡枝子混交林高于樟子松纯林,且樟子松-胡枝子混交林各层土壤有效磷含量均显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05);樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤含水率各土层间差异均不显著,樟子松-胡枝子混交林5~15 cm土层土壤含水率含量显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05);樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性均随着土层深度的增加而降低,且樟子松-胡枝子混交林过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性在各土层均显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05)。
基金This work was supported by the state assignment“Patterns of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Meadow and Forest Ecosystems in Moun-tainous Areas(Russian Western and Central Caucasus)”,No.075-00347-19-00.
文摘Background:Ecological niche modeling of the main forest-forming species within the same geographic range contributes significantly to understanding the coexistence of species and the regularities of formation of their current spatial distribution.The main abiotic and biotic environmental variables,as well as species dispersal capability,affecting the spatial distribution of the main forest-forming species in the Caucasus,have not been sufficiently studied.Methods:We conducted studies within the physiographic boundaries of the Caucasus,including the Russian Federation,Georgia,Armenia,and Azerbaijan.Our studies focused on ecological niche modeling of pure fir,spruce,pine,beech,hornbeam,and birch forests through species distribution modeling and the concept of BAM(Biotic-Abiotic-Movement)diagram.We selected 648 geographic records of pure forests occurrence.ENVIREM and SoilGrids databases,statistical tools in R,Maxent were used to assess the influence of abiotic,biotic,and movement factors on the spatial distribution of the forest-forming species.Results:Geographic expression of fundamental ecological niches of the main forest-forming species depended mainly on topographic conditions and water regime.Competitor influence reduced the potential ranges of the studied species by 1.2–1.7 times to the geographic expression of their realized niches and led to differences in the distribution of species with similar requirements for abiotic conditions.Movement factor significantly limited the areas suitable for pure forests(by 1.2–1.8 times compared with geographic expression of realized ecological niches),except for birch forests.Conclusion:Distribution maps,constructed by abiotic,biotic,and movement factors,were the models of the occupied distributional area of the forest-forming species in the Caucasus.Biotic and movement factors should be considered in modeling studies of forest ecosystems if models are to have biological meaning and reality.
基金Sponsored by Special Project for Research on Technology Development of Hainan Provincial Research Institutes(KYYS-2015-16)
文摘Understory vegetation in the Casuarina equisetifolia forests at different ages was sampled and analyzed fi rstly, and then the structural features, biomass, and distribution characteristics of carbon stock of the understory vegetation, as well as the quantity and thickness of the understory litter were studied. The results show that the understory vegetation in the C. equisetifolia forests is mainly composed of herbaceous plants, and there are nearly no shrubs in the study area. Moreover, the quantity of herbaceous plants rises obviously with the increase of forest age. There is a big difference between the woodlands at different ages in total biomass of herbaceous plants, and the maximum of total biomass can be found in 15-year-old woodland, reaching 1.68 t/hm^2; the biomass of overground parts of herbaceous plants is higher than that of underground parts. There is a big difference between the woodlands at different ages in thickness of the understory litter, and the thickness of understory litter in 10-yearold woodland is the highest, reaching 6.67 cm. The maximum quantity of the understory litter has reached 14.69 t/hm^2, and the thickness of the half decomposed litter is larger than that of the undercomposed litter in most woodlands.
