Comparative Analysis of Metaphors of “Flowers” in English and Chinese Poetry from the Perspective of Cognitive Metaphor Theory

Poetry,as a crucial form of literary expression,often employs metaphor as a common rhetorical device.According to the perspective of cognitive metaphor theory,metaphor transcends its traditional linguistic boundaries and is recognized as a profound cognitive mechanism,manifesting as a broader cognitive phenomenon.This article is based on metaphorical examples of“flowers”in Chinese and English poetry,carefully selecting representative cases for in-depth analysis.The aim is to compare the imagery of“flowers”in Chinese and English poetry,observe their similarities and differences,thereby fostering a better understanding of poetry in both languages.Through this study,we not only delve into the intricacies of metaphor within poetry but also shed light on the distinct interpretations of the symbol of“flowers”in different cultural contexts,expanding our appreciation for the cultural diversity inherent in poetry.

Mastering Metaphors: A Possible Path to Understand Modern Poetry

Understanding modern poetry is a big problem for average readers because of all kinds of rhetorical devices filled with them,especially metaphors,which are hard for the readers to understand clearly.Thus,grasping metaphors would provide a possible solution to enhance the understanding of modern poetry.Based on the motivation to better understand modern poetry,the paper explores the 11 mechanisms of metaphors in modern poetry with examples in detail,i.e.,blending,mapping,frame shifting,image schema,conceptual integration,contextual grounding,inter-subjectivity,embodied cognition,recursiveness,juxtaposition,shape-moulding,by borrowing some concepts from Cognitive Linguistics,literary studies,and Rhetorics,which can be adopted as means and methods to understand modern poems.

Chinese Sources for AfterWards:From Premodern Poetry,Paintings,and Medical Texts to Modern Novels,Film,and Documentaries

This paper focuses on Chinese sources suggested for a narrative medicine(NM)program,called AfterWards.Dr Lauren Small established AfterWards in 2014 and has been coordinating it since out of the Pediatrics Department at Johns Hopkins Medicine.In early 2019,she started giving a series of lectures and workshops about AfterWards to Chinese medical educators and clinicians in Beijing and Shanghai.She created an AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide based on Western-language sources for workshop participants.She also started to organize with Jiang Yuhong(Peking Union Medical College)a workshop for Chinese colleagues to be held at Johns Hopkins Medicine in October 2019.They invited the author to participate.The idea was hatched then to develop Chinese source materials following the AfterWards structure for an updated Facilitator’s Guide that Dr Small had initially written.A typical one-hour AfterWards session consists of a specific five-part structure:a literary text or artwork,an associated theme,discussion topics,a writing exercise,and shared reflection.While the content of the program always changes from session to session,the basic structure remains the same.This paper summarizes the types of Chinese sources and their related narrative-medicine themes that were originally selected for inclusion in the updated AfterWards Facilitator’s Guide intended for Chinese colleagues.These sources about coping with sick family members,aging,and illness ranged from the textual(classical Chinese poems on aging and diagnostic forms for training students)and visual(premodern Chinese paintings and murals of medical encounters)to the fictive(novels)and performative(contemporary Asian-American film in English and Chinese-language film and documentaries).

On the Significance of Poetry in ChatGPT Era

ChatGPT is essentially a technical tool.However,unlike the previous technical tools,it is more anthropomorphic and can be taken as another deepening of application of digital technology in human life.Its advantages are beyond all doubt.Its deeper limitation and possible harm lie in that it will alienate natural people’s thinking and psychology of receiving world information,to certain extent.To overcome the new split between rationality and sensibility brought by ChatGPT,we need stronger and more independent natural creativity of human beings,and poetry is the best way to cultivate this creativity of human beings.There are three ways for poetic thinking to strengthen human creativity:creatively understand and use content of the dialogue with ChatGPT with poetic thinking;integrate poetic thinking and machine thinking;have to create a new way of thinking in the era of ChatGPT,by transcending machine thinking through poetic thinking.

The Power of Poetry

Writing a poem might not be part of the development of young students,but if it makes them dream,learn more about literature,and get an understanding of the diversity of the world,then it has important meaning.

Research on English Canadian Poetry in China,1982-2022:A Comprehensive Overview

The study of English Canadian poetry in Chinese academia began with translation in the 1950s.However,due to the country’s unique social,historical and cultural circumstances,the research stalled for approximately two decades before picking up again in the 1980s.Since the 1980s,it has transitioned from a process of pure translation to the combination of translation and criticism,meanwhile,the research perspectives and contents demonstrate a tendency of richness and diversification.The major findings suggest that,despite current emphasis on regional and national literary studies in Chinese academia,English Canadian poetry is still not received much attention.This study aims to investigate and review the research trends and focus of English Canadian poetry in China from 1982 to 2022 and to point out its achievements and limitations.

A Study on the“Social Behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

A Survey of English Translation Studies of Lu You’s Poetry Based on the Data Analysis of Domestic Academic Journals (2001-2022)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry, utilizing a data sample comprising research papers published in the CNKI Full-text Database from 2001 to 2022. Employing rigorous longitudinal statistical methods, the study examines the progress achieved over the past two decades. Notably, domestic researchers have displayed considerable interest in the study of Lu You’s English translation works since 2001. The research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry reveals a diverse range of perspectives, indicating a rich body of scholarship. However, several challenges persist, including insufficient research, limited translation coverage, and a noticeable focus on specific poems such as “Phoenix Hairpin” in the realm of English translation research. Consequently, there is ample room for improvement in the quality of research output on the English translation of Lu You’s poems, as well as its recognition within the academic community. Building on these findings, it is argued that future investigations pertaining to the English translation of Lu You’s poetry should transcend the boundaries of textual analysis and encompass broader theoretical perspectives and research methodologies. By undertaking this shift, scholars will develop a more profound comprehension of Lu You’s poetic works and make substantive contributions to the field of translation studies. Thus, this article aims to bridge the gap between past research endeavors and future possibilities, serving as a guide and inspiration for scholars to embark on a more nuanced and enriching exploration of Lu You’s poetry as well as other Chinese literature classics.

陇南诗碑题壁诗与陇蜀“诗教”类文献的流传

散见于陇南各地诗碑与题壁中的诗作,数量较多,诸体兼备,作者属于官员、本地乡贤或游陇者群体。就其题材内容而言,除游宴抒怀、题咏陇南人文景观的篇什外,颂扬历代先贤乡哲、教化人心是其重要的方面。这些作品绝大多数不见于史传,但体现了陇蜀地域“诗教”类文献流传的重要文学文化价值,在赓续地方文脉、承载诗教化育、补史存诗文献、资于地方文旅等方面价值突出。对继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化,坚定历史自信、文化自信具有重要现实意义。

以文为诗,以诗为词,以古为律:清代诗话的破体观念论析

清代诗话是清代文体史料及文体批评的渊薮,其中破体观念在清诗话文体理论中又最为突出和独具特色。目前学界整理的煌煌16册174种清诗话中论及以文为诗、以诗为词、以古为律及其对立范畴以诗为文、以词为诗、以律为古等破体批评的诗话就多达63部,贯穿整个清代诗话史和诗学史。清代诗学史上具有重要学术地位的学者诸如王夫之、叶燮、王士祯、沈德潜、赵翼、翁方纲、潘德舆等,在对相关破体范畴进行文体批评时,往往褒贬倾向不一,或肯定,或否定,或辩证看待,引发了旷日持久的学术争鸣,并在演进递嬗中形成了系统的破体观念体系,堪称中国古代破体理论的集大成和总结者。这对于纵向观照和比较研究宋元明诗话破体观念具有重要的文体批评史学术价值和理论意义。

毛泽东《清平乐·六盘山》译者群体行为研究

20世纪50年代末,毛泽东诗词被译成多种文字在全世界广泛传播,涌现出不同的译者群体。然而,译者作为翻译的主体,却一直未受到足够的重视。本文以译者行为批评理论为指导,聚焦毛泽东《清平乐·六盘山》一词,将翻译此词的译者视为同一译者群体,从翻译外和翻译内两个层次出发,全面地、客观地分析同一译者群体的不同译者在两个翻译层次上行为的共性和个性,从而提升这一理论的实践指导价值,以进一步指导和阐释翻译实践。

周代酒精神的演变脉络——以《诗经》为中心的考察

从以抵抗酒的礼乐精神立国,到不断无礼饮酒而致使礼崩乐坏,周王朝的命运始终与酒捆绑在一起。从《颂》《雅》到《风》,《诗经》清晰地反映了西周以来对酒态度的变化,周文化随着饮酒精神的变化而呈现同步演变。周公制定《酒诰》,确立了周人饮酒的精神基调。从《周颂》《大雅》中祭祀饮酒、孝亲饮酒,到《小雅》《风》中私人宴饮,从以礼饮酒到以酒解忧、以酒和乐,饮酒由公共事务逐渐变为个体行为,酒的功能也逐渐由口腹享受转变为调理身心。为悦友或解忧等私人性饮酒、醉酒逐渐增多,既远离《酒诰》精神,也不断冲击着礼乐制度。特别是随着宴饮频繁举行,人们对醉酒的态度由规避到接受,甚至饮酒不醉反被耻笑,对醉酒的态度完全被颠覆。酒逸出礼乐之外,标志着周朝的制度与精神双重解体。如何安顿张扬欲望而充满反叛性的酒,成为春秋以降的时代课题。

乐府诗的文本传播与汉魏五言诗的体式建构

文人五言诗体是在汉魏时期音乐与语言双重规定和双向建构中形成的。汉武帝“立乐府而采歌谣”,以及民间乐府在汉代宫廷的广泛传播,是五言体生成的基础和源泉。相和三调等乐府演唱艺术的曲式结构对五言体篇制结构的形成产生了重要影响,五言体乐府的文辞本在文人中的广泛传播以及文人对乐府文辞本的雅言翻写,确立了五言句式的典范地位,再经魏晋文人在诗歌创作中的提炼和抽象,五言体最终得以确立。文人五言诗体的形成虽涉及音乐与语言的双向建构、雅言与俗语的交流互动、文人文化圈与民间文化圈的互渗与交融等多种因素,但贯穿始终的是人们在文事活动中对五言体的选择和群体确认。文人五言诗的体式是音乐文化、汉语发展和文人群体规范等因素综合作用的结果。

近代诗歌对叙事传统的归化与创通

陈衍、袁昶、钱仲联等开启了从叙事角度概述近代诗史的尝试,有待于在该领域的进一步展开。近代新旧诗坛在现代性思想的积淀、现代性人格的熔铸、现代艺术技巧的发育等方面具有很多共通性,展示出新旧中西文学传统发展的内在合力。而这些特质用来概括近代诗歌的叙事传统和抒情传统都同样贴切。故在“中国诗歌叙事传统”这一大框架下对“近代诗歌叙事”的核心议题做出进一步的思考和总结,其落脚点则在于叙事伦理、叙事主体和叙事艺术诸方面。这在一定程度上也有重新认识和评价中国诗歌传统的意义。

小学古诗词跨学科教学问题与策略

古诗词教学在提升小学生语文核心素养中发挥着重要作用,跨学科学习是小学古诗词教学的一种行之有效的方式。通过对广东省115名小学语文教师进行问卷调查,发现当前小学开展古诗词跨学科教学时存在如下问题:部分跨学科教学流于形式;教学形式单一,缺乏创新性;教学实施过程中脱离小学生学情。教师可通过熟悉跨学科学习任务群内容,明确把握跨学科学习的教学目标;多角度提升综合素养,创新跨学科教学形式;了解其他学科的课标内容,找准符合学情的跨学科教学关联点等策略,为小学古诗词跨学科教学提质增效。

论兰波诗歌的视觉语言

兰波诗歌的视觉特征是显而易见的。他诗画通融意识的产生,受浪漫主义、巴那斯派、印象主义等艺术流派的启发,但他坚守自己独特的审美情趣,不追求情景交融,而将视觉呈现作为“发明”诗歌新语言的手段。他有意将视觉错轨,以便改变“看”的角度,摆脱“看”的旧习惯和旧观念。他的视觉呈现是空间化文本构图和时间化文本叙述的完美结合,时空的交叉和置换实现了诗人表达的自由,扩大了语言的能指,促进了诗意的延伸。空间艺术的开发和拓展是兰波实践其诗学主张的重要途径,但当诗人发现视觉语言的极限时,便主动放弃诗歌,而放弃亦是空间艺术的一种表现形式。

《堡垒》:事实逻辑与信仰诗意相交融的视听景观建构

为纪念毛泽东同志诞辰130周年而拍摄的红色电影《堡垒》于2023年12月16日在毛主席的家乡韶山首映。电影《堡垒》坚持以“红色人物”为依托进行主角形象塑造,遵循以“红色史实”为基础的事实叙事逻辑,践行以“红色信仰”为底色的诗意主题表达,在视听景观的建构上将独特的叙事方式和创新性的表现手段融于一体,成功实现了事实逻辑与信仰诗意相交融的视听景观建构,它既为新时代党员重温入党初心和使命提供了新的渠道和思考,又为新主流电影在新时代如何做好传承红色基因、赓续红色血脉的工作展开了有益探索,是一部电影佳作。

走向自主创新:美国诗歌在中国的百年译介与研究

美国诗歌在中国的译介与传播起于清末,在五四运动时期始成规模。本文梳理了美国诗歌自五四运动以来的百年译介与传播历史,重点清理了改革开放以来的美国诗歌译介与研究史,认为美国诗歌在中国的译介与研究经历了从20世纪上半叶的模仿与化用、20世纪末期的学习与成长、21世纪之初的借鉴与对话到新时代的中美并行与自主创新的成长之路。这一方面反映出中国在美国诗歌译介与研究方面坚持为己所用的文化传统,也反映出新时代的中国学术已然走进了文化自信与自主创新的新阶段。

论苏轼与元祐秘书省职官的诗歌唱和

诗歌唱和成为元祐间苏轼与秘书省文人交游的重要手段,成为引人注目的诗歌现象。苏轼在元祐间与秘书省职官唱和之作数量较多,他们的唱和之作多出于交游、宴饮、雅集过程之中,基本不涉及时政国事,在新旧法之争、洛蜀党争激烈之元祐间,体现出苏轼与这些秘书省职官们的情感选择。苏轼与这些秘书省职官皆博学高才之士,他们的唱和之作是文人逞才斗艺的一种创作形式,力求诗意深邃、用字精巧、事典广博、用韵严谨、句式规范,体现出“以才学为诗”的特征,使宋诗的题材、笔法、结构、语言等方面的特点愈加鲜明,为推动整个元祐诗坛的繁荣起到了积极的作用。

道不空寻:论陶渊明诗歌的议论特色

宋人频频批评“议论为诗”,然而对于诗中议论颇多的陶渊明却都极为推崇,这与陶诗议论的特色有关系。其一,陶诗论不虚发而语带情韵,故而不空不隔,自然而然,有兴观群怨的力量。其二,陶诗在议论中使用虚词和散文式的句式和结构,使得议论亲切有味,句法天成而语意透彻。其三,陶渊明将意象创作和戏剧元素融入议论之中,使得议论具有画面感和可读性。其四,陶诗中的议论从赋体中借鉴了多层次性、两难性的结构特征,具备了驱动读者思考的特质。然而,这些特色有一个共同的根基,那就是本于性情。本于性情,才可能于读者有兴、观、群、怨之力量。