Growth, Mortality and Stock Assessment of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Xenocyprididae) from Lanxi Section of Qiantang River, China

Population dynamics parameters and stock status of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846) were analyzed from May to September 2021 in the Lanxi section of Qiantang River. FiSAT II software program was used. The growth coefficient K = 0.21 year–1, asymptomatic length L∞ = 39.48 cm, and age at theoretical zero-length t0 = –0.74 years were estimated. The von Bertalanffy growth function was calculated as Lt = 39.48[1 – e–0.21(t + 0.74)]. The growth curve for weight had an inflection at 5.86 years, corresponding to 29.61 cm in standard length and 372.29 g in weight. The natural mortality rate (M), the fishing mortality rate (F), and the total mortality rate (Z) were calculated as 0.51, 0.61, and 1.12 year–1, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was 0.54, which is greater than the value of 0.5 suggested by Gull (1971), indicating a probable state of overdevelopment. The annual average stock number and biomass of S. curriculus in the Lanxi section of Qiantang River were 31.86 × 106 individuals and 3656.82 t, respectively.

Rhinogobius immaculatus, a new species of freshwater goby (Teleostei Gobiidae) from the Qiantang River, China

A new freshwater goby, Rhinogobius immaculatus sp. nov., is described here from the Qiantang River in China. It is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters： second dorsal-fin rays I, 7-9; anal-fin rays I, 6-8; pectoral-fin rays 14-15; longitudinal scales 29-31; transverse scales 7-9; predorsal scales 2-5; vertebrae 27 （rarely 28）; preopercular canal absent or with two pores; a red oblique stripe below eye in males; branchiostegal membrane mostly reddish-orange, with 3-6 irregular discrete or connected red blotches on posterior branchiostegal membrane and lower operculum in males; caudal-fin base with a median black spot; and no black blotch on anterior part of first dorsal fin in males.

A combined numerical tidal model for the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River

-In order to avoid prescribing open boundary condition on the upstream side of the Hangzhou Bay, in numerical simulation of the tides and residual currents of the Bay, a 1-D model for the Qiantang River is connected to the 2-D model for the Hangzhou Bay. The harmonic constants of diurnal constituent [ (K1+O1)/2],semidiurnal constituent (M2) and shallow water constituent (M4) are obtained. The results produced by the combined model are in better agreement with the observed ones than those produced solely by the original 2-D model. The combined model gives much more reliable results for tide-induced residual water level and current.

Design and Site Experiment of Groyne in Bore Surging Area of Qiantang River

The groyne has been used widely in bank protection and river regulation. The plane layout and structural style of groyne are closely related to the stability of the groyne itself and the effect of bank protection. In this paper, based on the preliminary summary of the design of bank protection in the bore surging area of Qiantang River, some problems regarding the structure of groyne are pointed out and an improved plan is put forward. Site experiment was carried out combined with an emergency repair. The results of the experiment indicate that the improved project is reliable and successful.

Morphological evolution of a large sand bar in the Qiantang River Estuary of China since the 1960s

A large sand bar develops in the inner Qiantang River Estuary,China.It is a unique sedimentary system,elongating landwards by about 130 km.Based on long-term series of bathymetric data in each April,July,and November since the 1960s,this study investigated the morphological behavior of this bar under natural conditions and the influence of a large-scale river narrowing project(LRNP)implemented in the last decades.The results show that three timescales,namely the seasonal,interannual and decadal timescales,can be distinguished for the sand bar evolution.The first two are related to the seasonal and interannual variations of river discharge.During high discharge seasons or years,erosion took place at the upper reach and sedimentation at the lower reach.Consequently,the bar apex shifted seaward.The opposite development took place during low discharge seasons or years.The decadal timescale is related to LRNP.Due to the implementation of LRNP,the upper reach has experienced apparent erosion and currently a new equilibrium state has been reached;whereas the lower reach has been accumulated seriously and the accumulation still continues.Nonlinear relationships for how the bar apex location and elevation depend on the river discharge over various stages of LRNP have been established.Compared with the earlier stage of LRNP,the bar apex at present has shifted seaward by about 12 km and lowered by about 1 m.The sand bar movement has significant feedback on the hydrographic conditions along the estuary and has practical implications for coastal management.

Eukaryotic microbial distribution pattern and its potential effects on fisheries in the fish reserves of Qiantang River in breeding season

To examine the eukaryotic biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems in the Qiantang River,China,eukaryotic microbes in the river were investigated using 18S rRNA gene sequencing during the breeding season(July to August 2018).Four distinct distribution patterns(1.Jiande;2.Tonglu and Fuyang;3.Jiubao;4.Yanguan)of the microbial community and their potential effects on fishery activities were observed.Results show lower abundances of Dinophyta and Fungi and higher abundances of Cryptophyta and Chlorophyta in Tonglu and Fuyang than those in the other three sections.In addition,the reserves(Tonglu and Fuyang)destabilized the original eukaryotic microbial co-occurrence network.Among all the environmental factors measured,nitrogen(nitrite,nitrate,ammonium),water temperature and total chlorophyll a acted as major driving factors that controlled the eukaryotic microbial distribution.Furthermore,the existence of some algae(e.g.,Chrysophyceae,Cryptophytes,and Chlorophyceae)and fungi(e.g.,Rhizophydium)in Tonglu and Fuyang was beneficial to juvenile fish growth and water quality,although some detrimental species(e.g.,Aphanomyces)needed attention.This study provides further insights into the sustainable protection and utilization of rivers.

Community Characteristics Analysis of Eukaryotic Microplankton via ITS Gene Metabarcoding Based on Environmental DNA in Lower Reaches of Qiantang River, China

Eukaryotic microplankton plays an important role in water biotic community and in maintaining the stability of water ecosystems. Environmental DNA metabarcoding provides the opportunity to integrate traditional and emerging approaches to discover more new species, and develop molecular biotic indices that can be more rapidly, frequently, and robustly used in water quality assessments. In order to examine assemblages of eukaryotic microplankton in lower reaches of Qiantang River, ITS gene metabarcoding technology based on environmental DNA was carried out. As a result, various species of phytoplankton, fungi and zooplankton were annotated on. More phylum, classes and specieses of eukaryotic phytoplankton and zooplankton were found after compared communities taxa based on metabarcoding with that obtained from morphological examination. Nevertheless, Chlorophyceae was the most common assemblage both identified by using these two methods, also Mesocyclops leuckarti and Acanthocyclops bicuspidatus were both found to be the dominant species of Cyclopoida in the river. Additionally, the reads proportions of phytoplankton and zooplankton at the three freshwater sampling sites (Tonglu, Fuyang and Wenyan) decreased as temperature drop. Meanwhile, twenty classes of fungi were annotated on, of which the community characteristic was first researched in the river. There were significant spatial differences in values of Chao1 index for eukaryotic microplankton. Cluster analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination further confirmed that the community composition of eukaryotic microplankton at class level for Jiashao-September sample had the most dissimilarity with the others.

A preliminary study of the turbulence features of the tidal bore in the Qiantang River,China

In this paper, the turbulence characteristics of the tidal flow in the Qiantang River, China, the world-famous Qiantang bore, are studied. A detailed field observation at the Yanguan section of the Qiantang River was carried out during the spring tide in October 2010 with a continuous collection of high frequency turbulence data. The data analysis shows that the hydrodynamic processes are characterized by a strong tidal bore. Statistics of the turbulence such as the probability distributions of the turbulent components, the variance terms and the covariance terms are found consistent with those of previous studies of estuaries without the tidal bore. However, along the vertical profile, the distributions of all variables become more scattered downwards. The horizontal turbulence fluctuations are of a similar magnitude while the vertical turbulence has a fluctuation magnitffde about 1/3 of that of the horizontal turbulences. The fluctuation strengths and the Reynolds stresses are much larger than those of other estuaries when the bore arrives. The bottom shear stress varies periodically with the tides, less than 0.44 N/m2 during the ebb but is increased drastically at the bore arrival, with the maximum being 0.92 N/m2. A good linear relationship is found between the bottom shear stress and the bottom suspended sediment concentration.

钱塘江华鳈肌肉营养成分分析

鉴于华鳈(Sarcocheilichthys sinensis)地理分布广泛,不同水域的种群可能存在营养成分差异,为进一步评估钱塘江华鳈(S.sinensis from the Qiantang River)肌肉的营养价值,本研究根据国家相关标准,对钱塘江华鳈肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行了测定和分析。研究结果显示,钱塘江华鳈肌肉中粗蛋白含量为18.14%±0.49%,粗脂肪含量为2.25%±0.10%,粗灰分含量为1.24%±0.02%,水分含量为78.47%±0.13%;肌肉中含有15种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量(TAA)为17.83%±0.45%,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为7.35%±0.31%,鲜味氨基酸总量(DAA)为6.91%±0.10%;肌肉中富含18种脂肪酸,包括11种饱和脂肪酸(SFA,含量为32.34%±0.31%)、2种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA,含量为40.46%±0.53%)和5种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA,含量为27.19%±0.71%);肌肉中含有铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)和锡(Sn)等微量元素。总之,钱塘江华鳈肉质鲜美,且肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸及微量元素的组成丰富、合理,是一种有着丰富营养价值和开发价值的小型经济鱼类。

基于培训迁移理论的环境设计教师TPACK能力提升研究——以“历史文化名村名镇保护和活化创意师资培训项目”为例

培训迁移理论关于影响因素的分析和评价方法的研究,为师资培训提供了高效的分析框架。“钱塘江流域历史文化名村名镇保护和活化创意师资培训项目”在该理论指导下,研究环境设计教师TPACK能力提升的途径,包括:在培训计划阶段沟通谋划确定培训设计,引导教师树立正确的培训动机;在培训实施阶段优化培训内容设计,塑造良好的培训环境,促进教师TPACK能力感知;在应用阶段推动教学实践应用和培训评估,积极营造持续学习氛围,实现TPACK能力的应用和融合。本研究期待为环境设计师资培训提供理论与实践依据。

浙江省钱塘江源区域山水林田湖草生命共同体健康评价

[目的]分析浙江省钱塘江源区域山水林田湖草生命共同体健康状况,为国土空间规划和生态管理提供科学参考。[方法]基于生命共同体理论与活力—组织力—恢复力(vitality-organization-resilience,VOR)生态模型理论,构建生命共同体健康评价指标体系。利用3S技术和社会经济统计资料,以县域为评价单元,对钱江源区域山水林田湖草生命共同体的健康状况进行评价和分级。[结果]①2020年,钱江源区域的淳安县处于生命共同体健康状态,建德市、开化县、常山县生命共同体均为亚健康状态。②2015—2020年4个县(市)生命共同体健康指数总体呈上升趋势,健康指数上升趋势大小依次为:建德市>常山县>淳安县>开化县。③2020年,4县(市)中山水林田湖草子系统健康状态最好的为常山县,最差的为淳安县;生态系统健康状态最好的为淳安县,最差的为常山县。④钱江源区域林、田子系统结构及其生态服务功能有待提升优化。⑤生态修复试点工程对于提升钱江源区域生命共同体健康状态在一定程度上起到了积极的推动作用。[结论]钱江源区域山水林田湖草生态修复工程取得了阶段性成果。4县(市)接下来应针对山、水、林、田、湖等子系统的不同问题开展相关修复工作,同时进行统筹规划与生态整治,实现山水林田湖草生命共同体系统的统筹共治、健康管理与持续经营。

钱塘江流域杭州段地表水中典型抗生素的分布特征及生态风险评价

采用固相萃取和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)首次测定钱塘江流域杭州段地表水中β-内酰胺类(β-Ls)、喹诺酮类(QNs)、磺胺类(SAs)、大环内酯类(MLs)、四环素类(TCs)、广谱抗菌药物(WAs)等6类83种典型抗生素的浓度水平,初步探明钱塘江流域杭州段中典型抗生素的区域分布特征,并利用风险熵值法评价了抗生素赋存的潜在风险.结果表明,46种抗生素在钱塘江流域杭州段有检出,地表水中抗生素总平均浓度在枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别为27.8,24.8,23.8ng/L,枯水期抗生素浓度略高于平水期和丰水期,且抗生素总检出浓度呈现上游>中游>下游的趋势.其中,林可霉素(LCM)的检出率高达98.2%,最高检出浓度为22.7ng/L,平均浓度与中位浓度分别为8.04ng/L和8.14ng/L,是区域地表水中的特征抗生素.其他检出率较高的抗生素有磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、甘宝素(CB)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、氟康唑(FCZ)、磺胺(SM)、克拉霉素(CLT)等,其平均浓度分别为3.60,2.56,1.07,0.97,1.09,1.08,0.70ng/L.主成分分析结果显示LCM、SMX、SM、SCP的浓度变化与其他抗生素有相比有显著差异.生态风险评价结果表明,钱塘江流域杭州段所有检出抗生素单项生态风险熵(RQ)均小于1.0,未发现高生态风险抗生素.

钱塘江海塘文化遗产构成及活化利用研究

钱塘江古海塘是凝聚先民智慧的伟大防洪工程,孕育及衍生出丰富的物质文化遗产及非物质文化遗产,其形式多样、特征鲜明,价值突出。采用文献研究法和实地调研法,对钱塘江海塘文化遗产的载体形式进行了梳理分类,分析了其价值及保护与利用现状,进而明确了“以古为核、承古创新”的钱塘江海塘文化遗产活化利用原则,并从展示建筑工程文化、传承治水精神文化、融合区域特色文化、运用现代科技文化4方面提出了建设举措。

数字孪生钱塘江流域建设及应用

钱塘江流域洪涝台潮灾害频发,亟需通过数字孪生技术实现流域防洪统筹调度,提升水灾害防御决策能力。首先分析了平台总体设计思路,从基础信息设施、数字孪生平台、孪生场景3个维度重点分析数字孪生钱塘江流域建设方式。具体地,优化“天空地水”物联感知网,迭代提升水利信息网,从数据底板、模型平台、知识平台方面加强流域级数字孪生平台统筹构建;同时重点建设融合“预报、预警、预演、预案”四预过程的水灾害防御孪生场景,实现孪生钱塘江和物理钱塘江的孪生共长、交互映射、协同联动。对流域级数字孪生水灾害防御平台建设思路进行了总结,对其他数字孪生流域建设具有一定借鉴意义。

钱塘江山水诗之宋韵三昧

“韵”是中国美学的经典范畴,“宋韵”是对宋代独特的精神风貌和文化气质的集中概括。钱塘江山水诗是钱塘江流域宋代社会历史变迁的重要见证,承载了宋人独有的精神风貌和文化气质。从审美探索的角度看,宋代钱塘江山水诗词的风光描摹中透露出娴雅、淡远、富有余味的宋韵美学特征;从历史沉思的角度看,宋代钱塘江山水诗词的古迹拜谒中流露出强烈的历史感,以及民族性之下的家国认同和忠孝观念;从人生感悟的角度看,宋代钱塘江山水诗的江河论道中充满着形象与哲理相结合、虚静与实动相统一的理性思考。

钱塘江海塘文化遗产的研究、保护与传承

钱塘江海塘研究中,针对其工程技术的研究极为深入,但针对海塘非物质文化遗产的研究却相对薄弱;在海塘文化宣传方面,工作既不成规模,也不成体系,且由于缺少学术研究的支持,文化宣传也缺乏深度。对比西湖等世界文化遗产的成功案例,分析上述钱塘江海塘文化遗产的研究与文化宣传现状,认为进行海塘文化的遗产研究可以促进申遗,申遗又可以推动对文化遗产的保护。因此,建议加强对钱塘江海塘非物质文化遗产的深入挖掘和研究,并且将宣传工作进一步规模化、系统化、深刻化,通过增加“海塘文化”的宣传途径、建设钱塘江海塘文化长廊等举措保护、传承钱塘江海塘文化遗产。

钱塘江河口盐水入侵与影响因素的相关关系研究

为定量分析中长时间尺度下钱塘江河口盐水入侵与其影响因素的相关关系,基于2000—2020年钱塘江河口的含氯度及径流、潮汐、江道地形等实测资料,采用偏相关分析方法,研究月时间尺度下七堡、仓前、盐官等3个观测站的含氯度与影响因素之间的相关关系,并拟合了七堡站含氯度的计算公式。结果表明:各站的含氯度与径流量呈负相关,与潮差、江道容积呈正相关,其中七堡、仓前的相关性较强,盐官站的相关性较弱;各站潮差与江道容积呈显著正相关,七堡、仓前站可达强相关,即江道变化对河口盐水入侵的影响可由七堡、仓前站潮差反映;七堡站月均含氯度、月最大含氯度可由其月均潮差、月最大潮差及上游月均径流量进行定量计算。研究成果可为钱塘江河口淡水资源利用提供参考。

钱塘江流域下游城市河道沉积物重金属污染评价

为了解钱塘江流域下游河道沉积物中重金属的污染情况,本文以钱塘江流域下游城市河道(杭州下沙段)为研究区域,选择3处代表点位(1号为工业区、2号为湿地区、3号为生活区)采集沉积物检测其中重金属镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)浓度,并运用潜在生态危害指数法和污染负荷指数法对其污染程度进行评价。潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,大多数重金属污染处于低潜在生态风险等级,但Cd在1号点位和2号点位达到较高潜在生态风险,3个点位重金属综合污染均处于低潜在生态风险状态,但2号点位综合污染指数接近中等潜在风险。污染负荷指数法评价结果也表明,Cd在1号点位和2号点位污染程度较高,均为重度污染状态,2号点位多种重金属综合污染达到中度污染等级。评价结果表明:钱塘江流域下游城市河道重金属污染不容乐观,其中Cd是对河道污染较严重的元素,需要广泛关注和有效控制。

钱塘江粉土对泥浆和泥膜渗透特性影响

杭州未来规划33条过江通道,多数采用泥水盾构技术,因为泥浆会在开挖面形成阻止地下水的泥膜。在实际工程中,钱塘江粉土会混入泥浆导致泥浆和泥膜的特性发生变化,可能导致工程事故的发生,针对这一现象,系统探讨钱塘江粉土对泥浆性能和泥膜渗透特性的影响,通过滤失试验分析比较16种不同压力下的泥浆试样,获得了泥膜的孔隙比-渗透系数-压力的相互关系参数,并计算了不同压力下不同泥浆形成的泥膜渗透系数。加入钱塘江粉土后,含有PAA-Na(1200)的泥浆粘度增大最明显,增大了1.79倍;而含有CPAM的泥浆所生成的泥膜平均渗透系数增大172倍,含有APAM的泥浆渗透系数缩小为原来1/20。钱塘江粉土的加入可能导致同样压力变化下渗透系数变化更小,为预防相关工程问题提供科学依据与解决方案。

钱塘江下游滨江地区地下水水化学特征与水质评价

为探究钱塘江下游滨江地区地下水水化学特征及水质情况,采用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、单指标评价法、综合质量评价法和模糊综合评价法,对研究区的46组地下水水样测试数据进行分析。结果表明:研究区内潜水水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)-Na·Ca·Mg型和HCO_(3)·Cl-Na型,水化学成分受岩石风化作用影响显著,主要受到岩盐的溶解、离子交换作用、人类活动影响;承压水水化学类型主要为Cl-Na·Ca·Mg型和Cl-Na型,水化学成分主要受海水作用的影响;研究区内潜水水质总体较好,部分潜水受原生地质环境的污染;承压水污染主要受海侵影响,不宜饮用。研究结果对区内地下水的开发、利用和保护具有积极的指导意义。