Sequence Thickness and its Response to Episodic Tectonic Evolution in Paleogene Qikou Sag, Bohaiwan Basin

The sequence stratigraphy framework of Paleogene of Qikou Sag has been built in this paper. The evolution law of episodic subsidence in Qikou Sag has been expounded, with the analysis of the characteristic of sequence thickness, as well as the study of consedimental tectonic activity, subsidence history, paleogeomorphology and the coupling relationship among them. The faults controlling action was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage I , as the depression was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage III, which embodies a process from intense disparity fault depression to integral subsidence. Meanwhile, under the control of regional faulting and later stage depression, subsidence rate centers and paleogeomorphic concave centers are always corresponding to the sequence thickness centers, and the changes of subsidence centers and paleogeomorphology concave centers are consistent with the migration of thickness centers, which presents the restriction, coupling and response among them and clarifies the law that tectonic activity controls the basin fill by means of controlling the subsidence rate and paleogeomorphology from contributing factor angle. On this basis, the dynamic evolution of the composite pattern of structure-subsidence-deposition in the fault controlling actic region during the three rifting stages and their petroleum geological significance has been discussed.

Paleogeomorphy,provenance system and sedimentary system of the Dongying formation in the Qikou sag

Reconstructed synsedimentary paleogeomorpholgy is an effective method in predicting the distribution of sandbodies and can provide valid evidence in the search for reservoirs. Based on a synsedimentary paleogeomorpholgy reconstruction of the third member of the Dongying formation (Ed3) in the Qikou sag,the basic paleogeomorphic characteristics of Ed3 are described and the spatial distributions of denudation and subsidence areas are discussed. Key boundary faults controlling the deposition of important sediment bodies are proposed and the interrelations among faulted slope-break belts or flexure belts,intra-depression uplifts and sags,sediment sources and sediments input points have been investigated.

Recognition and depiction of special geologic bodies of Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone,Qikou Sag

The purpose of this study is to forecast the profitable oil and gas reservoir,which is the key of finding hydrocarbon,based on the conception of special geologic bodies.With the guiding methodology of the research thinking of integration of point-line-surface by using the methods and techniques of logging,seismic,seismic attribute,and logging constrained inversion in 3D data volume,the special geologic bodies of Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone of Qikou Sag,which has important hydrocarbon exploration potential,are recognized and described under the constraint of sequence stratigraphic framework.As a result,the developed scale,geometric shape and space distribution feature of the special geologic bodies are forecasted;the inner structure and sequence structure patterns of the geologic bodies are also ascertained.From the lowstand system tract (LST) and lacustrine expanding system tract (EST) to the highstand system tract (HST),the geologic bodies have evolved from relative centralization of lake basin reducing period to three relative dispersive isolated parts of broad lake basin period.According to the relevance and regularity of the development of geologic bodies,the conclusions can be obtained that three types of potential profitable reservoir traps,including the lithologic lens traps,lithologic updip pinchout traps and structural-lithologic composite traps,are forecasted.In addition,scientific basis for further hydrocarbon exploration in new area (few-well area and no-well area) is offered in the guidance of sequence stratigraphic model.

Main Controlling Factors and Dominant Reservoir Series Analysis of Es_3 in the Qibei Area of Qikou Sag

Based on analysis of geophysical data such as core observation, rock slices identification, physical property, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, logging data etc., 16 factors of sedimentation, diagenesis, fluid pressure, and their relationships with reservoir physical property were analyzed, and the results indicate sedimentation is the internal factor controlling the reservoir property, diagenesis is the external and final decisive factor and abnormal fluid pressure is an important factor preserving the deep reservoir property. Quantitative characterization of diagenesis indicates that compaction and dissolution are more important than cementation and they respectively cause porosity change of-23.6% and 7.7% and -6.2%. Through optimizing 11 main controlling factors and constructing reservoir evaluation index （REI） according to the hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis, reservoir classification standard was established and reservoirs were divided into four classes. The studies show that Es~ SQ4 consists mainly of class I and II, while Es~ SQ6 is mainly of class III and II; the favorable zone is the north and south slope of Qibei sub-sag and the Liujianfang fault-nose. The successful application of the quantitative and comprehensive evaluation in the Qibei area verifies the advanced, practicable method of less artificial factor is suitable for the low porosity and permeability reservoir.

Fault-sand combination modes and hydrocarbon accumulation in Binhai fault nose of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Based on seismic and logging data,taking the downthrow fault nose of Binhai fault in Qikou Sag as the object of study,we analyzed fault characteristics,sand body distribution,fault-sand combinations and hydrocarbon accumulation to reveal the hydrocarbon enrichment law in the fault-rich area of fault depression lake basin.The results show that the Binhai Cenozoic fault nose is characterized by east-west zoning,the main part of the western fault segment is simple in structure,whereas the broom-shaped faults in the eastern segment are complex in structure,including several groups of faults.The difference of fault evolution controls the spatial distribution of sand bodies.The sand bodies are in continuous large pieces in the downthrow fault trough belt along the Gangdong Fault in the middle segment of the fault nose,forming consequent fault-sand combination;whereas the fault activity period of the eastern part of the fault nose was later,and the sand bodies controlled by paleogeomorphology are distributed in multi-phase north-south finger-shaped pattern,forming vertical fault-sand combination pattern matching with the fault.The configuration between faults and sand bodies,and oil sources and caprocks determine the vertical conductivity,plane distribution and vertical distribution of oil and gas.Two oil and gas accumulation modes,i.e.single main fault hydrocarbon supply-fault sand consequent matching-oil accumulation in multi-layers stereoscopically and fault system transportation-fault sand vertical matching-oil accumulation in banded overlapping layers occur in the middle and eastern segments of the fault nose respectively,and they control the difference of oil and gas distribution and enrichment degree in the Binhai fault nose.

Comprehensive evaluation on hydrocarbon-bearing availability of fault traps in a rift basin: A case study of the Qikou sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, China

An evaluation system of hydrocarbon-bearing availability of fault traps was established based on the comprehensive analysis of fault segment growth history,fine reservoir anatomy and geochemistry tracing,with the Qikou sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as target area.The displacement/separation transform and displacement gradient method were used to prove the interpretation reliability of fault traps.The method of maximum throw subtraction was used to recover the history of fault growth and determine the availability of the forming period of fault traps.Based on the quantitative relationship between shale gouge ratio and cross-fault pressure difference of known reservoirs in southern Qikou sag,the critical shale gouge ratio of fault lateral sealing was calculated at 20%,and the quantitative evaluation chart based on the relationship of"fault throw–sand-formation ratio and hydrocarbon column height"was constructed.Based on the results of reservoir fine anatomy and quantitative fluorescence tracing test shale smear factor method is suitable for evaluating the vertical sealing of faults in the caprock of the middle submember of first member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,and the shale smear factor critical value is 3.5.The juxtaposition thickness method is suitable for evaluating vertical sealing of faults in the caprock of the second member of Paleogene Dongying Formation,and the critical juxtaposition thickness of fault is 70–80 m.By combining four factors,the availability of fault trap interpretation,the availability of the forming period of fault trap,the availability of fault lateral sealing and the availability of fault vertical sealing,the comprehensive evaluation chart on hydrocarbon-bearing availability of fault traps in Qikou sag has been established,which provides a reasonable basis for risk assessment of fault traps.

Recognition and Depiction of the Special Geologic Bodies of the Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone,Qikou Sag

The key of finding hydrocarbon reservoir is to find the profitable oil and gas reservoir.This paper uses the conception of"special geologic bodies"to study the profitable reservoir.Constrained by the sequence stratigraphy framework,this paper recognizes and describes the special geologic bodies of the Member 3 of Dongying Formation in Littoral Slope Zone of Qikou Sag,which have important

Genetic Types and Exploration Significance of Slope Break Belt in Paleogene in Qikou Sag,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,Eastern China

Enrichment of hydrocarbon reservoir relates to the slope break types in continental basin(sag)in China. Division and analysis of genetic types of slope break will help to study the enrichment regularity of hydrocarbon reservoir and is conducive to the guiding of future development in exploration and enhancing prediction accuracy.This paper,guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy and using high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data,drilling and other information,takes into account the characteristics

Characteristics of Sediment Supply and Sediment Dispersal in Binhai District of Qikou Sag,Central Huanghua Depression

The Qikou sag is the largest hydrocarbon-rich sag in the central Huanghua depression of Bohaiwan basin.It formed as a result of Tertiary rifting and was mainly filled with Cenozoic siliciclastic sediments about 8000-10000 m thick.The petroleum exploration of Binhai district in Qikou sag hardly gained breakthrough all through because of previous ambiguous understanding of spatial and temporal patterns

歧口凹陷区新近系馆陶组热储特征及成因机制

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷内赋存极为丰富的地热资源,其中新近系馆陶组热储最具开采价值,开展馆陶组热储地温场、孔渗条件、地热水循环规律和成因模式研究对认识馆陶组地热资源属性,合理开发地热资源具有重要意义。通过分析该区钻探、物探、测温、开发数据等资料,确定歧口凹陷内馆陶组热储为沉积盆地传导型地热系统,深部地幔热流和地壳内放射性生热以热传导方式传热,地热异常分布受基岩起伏的控制,在沧东断裂、滨海断裂附近出现高温地热异常,地温梯度可达5.0℃/hm以上。馆陶组热储的孔渗条件南北两侧较高、中部较低,热储孔隙率整体在26%以上,渗透率在390×10^(-3)μm^(2)以上,单井涌水量平均60 m^(3)/h,是优质热储。地热水主要来源于古大气降水,由北部燕山补给,沿地层深循环,吸取岩石热量后形成地热水。歧口凹陷区馆陶组热储地热资源量为41.81×10^(18)J,尤以天津滨海新区和河北黄骅市分布最广,占总资源量的95%,资源与需求匹配度高,具有良好的开发利用前景。

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段页岩油井增产措施地质影响因素分析

歧口凹陷沙一下亚段混合质页岩层系发育,孔隙结构主要为微孔-介孔,其中以灰质混合页岩孔隙结构最为发育,含油性以重质稠油为主。经过措施改造后,油井普遍达到工业油流,但尚未明确影响产能的地质因素,对此需要在该区开展相关研究,指导类似油井措施改造增产。根据岩石物性、岩石岩性,以及裂缝发育程度、地层压力和断裂规模、构造形态和曲率、电性参数等数据,总结出“自然产能井”“酸化有效果井”“压裂有效果井”“酸压有效果井”所对应的地质特征,以此来指导措施改造方式的选取。研究结果表明:(1)该区孔隙度低于15%、渗透率低于0.41 mD的页岩层系需经措施改造提产;(2)“自然产能井”以邻近断裂、裂缝较为发育的灰质混合页岩、长英质页岩为主,D值(井到断裂距离与垂直断距比值)普遍小于1,断裂影响较为明显,且构造曲率较大;(3)“酸化有效果井”以灰质混合页岩、云质混合页岩为主,总体上灰质含量较高,D值2.8~7.9,断裂对地层改造程度较弱,构造曲率中等,电性参数ΔGR普遍大于20 API;(4)“压裂有效果井”的D值为1.2~5.2时,以裂缝发育较差的云质混合页岩、长英质页岩为主,D值大于16时,断裂的影响极其微弱,以不发育裂缝的灰质混合页岩为主,“压裂有效果井”对应的构造曲率较小,电性参数ΔGR普遍小于20 API。基于不同产能井的地质因素影响分析,归纳提出“自然产能井”“酸化有效果井”“压裂有效果井”“酸压有效果井”适用的地质环境,指导该区新完钻井采取相应增产措施,改造后达到了工业油流产出标准,有效地提高了油气产量,对油田页岩层系提产具有积极的作用。

左人迎右气口对比脉法的临床运用要点与实例

人迎气口脉法出自《灵枢》,历代争议在于其为双侧人迎、气口脉或左右寸口脉之间的比较。王叔和《脉经》认为“左为人迎,右为气口”。左人迎右气口脉法体系取左右寸口脉,按照关前一分左右对比而别阴阳,然后通过比较单侧关与关前一分之大小,以明三阴三阳,根据脉之浮沉确定表里,根据医之举按鉴别中风、中寒,确定治法方药。通过此脉法的临床运用,体会到六经脉象与六经病症的对应关系,收效颇佳。脉象体现疾病本质,随疾病发展而变化。当脉症不一时,应当舍症从脉,把握本质。

大港油田滨海地区钻井地质风险分析及应对措施

为确保大港油田滨海地区钻井安全,并最大限度提升钻井时效,从该地区已钻井发生的钻井复杂情况入手,分析引起该区域钻井风险的主要地质因素及原因,并提出相应的解决措施。研究表明:(1)研究区新近系馆陶组地层埋深较浅,岩石结构松散,底部发育不整合面,古近系沙河街组地层埋藏较深,原始地层压力高,气油比高,这些地质特征导致该区钻井风险较高;(2)研究区钻井复杂情况主要分为两类,一是漏失型,主要是井漏,二是溢出型,包括气侵、溢流和井涌等;(3)研究区漏失型钻井复杂情况的地质风险主要是馆陶组底部弱固结的砂砾岩及馆陶组底部的不整合面,溢出型钻井复杂情况的地质风险主要是沙一段异常高压和丰富的含气量;(4)应对漏失型钻井复杂情况地质风险的主要措施是排查馆陶组底部砂砾岩的空间分布,应对溢出型钻井复杂情况地质风险的主要措施是及时测试地层压力,并据此在钻井过程中实时调整钻井液密度。该研究成果可为滨海地区及地质条件相似的其他地区的钻井施工提供借鉴作用。

Architecture of Sandstone Bodies of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Northern Qikou Sag, Northeast China

The conception of special geologic bodies has been applied in this study to define and illustrate economic oil and gas reservoirs in sandbodies, which is helpful for hydrocarbon forecast and exploration. Using the comprehensive analysis of drilling, logging, seismic, seismic attribute extraction, and logging constrained inversion in 3D data volume, the special geologic bodies of the Shahejie Formation（Ps^1s） in northern Qikou sag, which have good hydrocarbon potential, are identified and described under the constraint of sequence stratigraphic framework. The dimensions, geometry, and spatial distribution features of the special geologic bodies, as well as their inner architectures and sequence-structure patterns, are also ascertained. The geologic bodies evolved from relative centralization in the middle part of the lacustrine basin in the early stage of Ps1~s Formation, to several dispersive isolated parts in the later stage. This shows a small cycle interval（~2.5 Ma） at the end of the whole transgressive depositional process of Ps1（~7.5 Ma） during the expansion of the lake and relative lake level rise, with the control of sediments supply and fault-related subsidence, which effect the evolution of the sedimentary system. According to the relevance and regularity of the geologic bodies＇ development, different types of potential profitable reservoir traps, including the lithologic lenticular traps, lithologic updip pinchout traps, and structural-lithologic composite traps, can be preserved in the study area. In addition, the internal architecture models provide scientific basis for further hydrocarbon exploration in the frontier basin without enough data.

A Transgressive Depositional Setting for the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Qikou Depression, Eastern China: Inferences from the REE Geochemistry of Carbonates

Rare earth element （REE） and Y concentrations, and S7Sr/S6Sr ratios were analyzed in 33 carbonate samples from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Qikou depression, eastern China, with the goal of determining depositional environments and post-depositional conditions of carbonates in the region. The REE and Y concentrations were normalized to the post-Archean Australian shale （PAAS） standard. The La＊pAAs/Yb＊pAAS ratios of 0.35-1.52, where ＊PAAS indicates values for the PAAS standard, show fight REE enrichment and heavy REE depletion in most samples. Values of La＊PAAS （0.775-1.284） and Ce＊PAAS （0.822-L224）, coupled with a relatively flat REE distribution, indicate that the Shahejie car- bonates were deposited in lacustrine environments. Values of Y anomalies （1.009-1.527） and Y/Ho ratios （28.43-45.00） in the Shahejie Formation are greater than those of lacustrine carbonates and closer to those of marine carbonates, indicating that diagenetic fluids were probably influenced by seawater. In the car- bonates from Well Kou-42, Eu anomalies （1.171-1.604）, ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios （0.708 001-0.710 893）, and high homogenization temperatures （104-151 ℃） suggest that the carbonates were affected by hydrothermal fluids. The REEs and Sr isotope ratios show that the carbonates from the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou depression were deposited in lacustrine environments, and were influenced by seawater and hydrothermal fluids.

Cenozoic Fault Distribution Characteristics and Evolution in Qikou Sag of Bohai Basin, China

Qikou sag, located in north-center of Huanghua depression in Bohai Basin, is a Cenozoic sag with rich hydrocarbon. As a microcosm of Bohai Basin, the fault characteristics of Cenozoic structural layers in Qikou sag could indicate and record the evolution of Cenozoic stress field in Bohai Basin. Based on the latest 3-D seismic data, the study takes statistics on the fault system of Cenozoic structural layers and analyzes the fault throws of major large faults along the strikes in different periods in Qikou sag, then the fault distribution regularities and the fault direction characteristics in each structural layer are summarized. The result shows that during Cenozoic, the fault activity strength migrates from southwest to northeast and the strikes of faults changes from northwestward in Sha-3 period to nearly east-westward since Sha-1 period.

基于“气口九道脉”诊断十二经筋病变

目前中医临床脉诊沿用“气口九道脉”法甚少,几乎失传。基于“气口九道脉”诊断十二经筋病变,从“气口九道脉”的来源与发展入手,论述十二经筋的功能及经筋病的表现,而后从《奇经八脉考·气口九道脉》原文、十二经脉、“卫气”,三种角度阐述“气口九道脉”诊断十二经筋病变的理论依据。最后阐明临床使用“气口九道脉”诊断十二经筋病变时应浮取,并述其具体脉动部位。

受油源断裂控制的不同层位油气运聚空间分布部位预测方法及其应用

为了研究含油气盆地油源断裂附近油气分布规律,在受油源断裂控制的不同层位油气运聚空间及分布部位研究的基础上,通过油源断裂在下部储层内输导油气有利部位,确定下部盖层油气运聚空间分布部位;通过油源断裂在下部储层内输导油气有利部位和下部区域性泥岩盖层渗漏部位,确定中部盖层油气运聚空间分布部位;通过油源断裂在下部储层内输导油气有利部位、下部和中部区域性泥岩盖层渗漏部位,确定上部盖层油气运聚空间分布部位;三者组合建立了一套受油源断裂控制的不同层位油气运聚空间分布部位的预测方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷受港东断裂控制的不同层位油气运聚空间分布部位的预测。结果表明:除西南部端部外,其余部位皆为受港东断裂控制的沙三段源岩—沙一中亚段盖层油气运聚空间分布部位;受港东断裂控制的沙三段源岩—东二段盖层和沙三段源岩—明化镇组盖层油气运聚空间分布部位均在其中部,前者分布范围略大于后者。这些分布部位分别有利于下伏沙三段源岩生成的油气在港东断裂附近的沙一中亚段、东二段和明化镇组区域性泥岩盖层之下的储层中运聚成藏。该预测方法的预测结果与目前港东断裂附近沙一中亚段、东二段和明化镇组区域性泥岩盖层之下储层中已发现油气分布相吻合。

源断盖配置油气聚集时期预测方法及其应用

为确定含油气盆地油源断裂处油气富集程度,在烃源岩、断裂和盖层配置及油气聚集机制研究基础上,通过油源断裂活动期、烃源岩排烃期和泥岩盖层形成期,建立了一套源断盖配置下的油气聚集期的预测方法,并利用其预测渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一下亚段内油气聚集时期。结果表明,沙三段烃源岩排烃、南大港断裂开启和沙一中亚段区域性泥岩盖层形成,均为馆陶组—明化镇组沉积期,三者配置关系良好且时期较长,有利于沙三段烃源岩排出的油气在沙一下亚段内聚集成藏,预测结果与勘探成果吻合。

历史文化名镇景观基因图谱构建及特征评价——以碛口古镇为例

旨在解决当前历史文化名镇风貌遭受破坏、保护与开发不当等现实问题,同时使其实现景观风貌保护和活态化传承。以历史文化名镇——碛口古镇为例,综合运用景观基因理论方法、AHP(层析分析法)、FCE(模糊综合评价法)等多种研究方法,形成“景观基因识别—景观基因提取—景观基因图谱建立—景观基因排序—景观基因现状评价”五层级景观基因提取及评价体系。通过定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,提取出碛口古镇核心景观基因是码头文化,现存问题是码头文化缺失、功能布局混乱、街巷损坏严重、民俗文化衰落,并从文化景观视角提出保护措施。以期为历史文化名镇的保护与发展提供新的思路和研究路径。