During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and func...During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.展开更多
There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency...There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency between form and content,institutional provisions and actual implementation.The modern nature of public debt must have both the form and content of modern public debt.Based on the analysis of the issuing background,system design,collection and repayment of patriotic bonds in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it is considered that the part of patriotic bonds subscribed by the Qing royal family is still the nature of donation and return,while the part subscribed by ordinary businessmen and people in the early Republic of China has a modern nature.The dual nature of patriotic bonds is closely related to the social background when the bonds are issued.展开更多
On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials...On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.展开更多
In the late Qing Dynasty and the early R epublic of China,foreign invasion made China suffer from an unprecedented humiliation,and the W estern powers initiated a commercial intrusion by forcing China to sign unequal ...In the late Qing Dynasty and the early R epublic of China,foreign invasion made China suffer from an unprecedented humiliation,and the W estern powers initiated a commercial intrusion by forcing China to sign unequal treaties and open treaty ports. From this perspective,a deep exploration is made to study the corresponding influence and its function. The rule shows that the developing route of national politics,economy and culture can determine the trend of the development of overseas Chinese problem; in addition,it objectively reflects that the social nature is vital to overseas Chinese problem.展开更多
The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some f...The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.展开更多
According to the length of city perimeter and the administration systems recorded in the historical literatures of the Qing Dynasty, a set of methods is developed to convert the historical records into the area of urb...According to the length of city perimeter and the administration systems recorded in the historical literatures of the Qing Dynasty, a set of methods is developed to convert the historical records into the area of urban land use, by which a set of preliminary estimated urban land use data of the 18 provinces during the Emperor Jiaqing (1820AD) in the Qing Dynasty, is achieved. Based on the above achievements, the regional differences of urban land use are analyzed, and the comparison in urban land use between the Qing Dynasty and present (1999) is made.展开更多
Research paradigms determine the ways the history is written and the consequent research products.By analyzing the present historiography paradigms in library history,their characteristics and limitations,this study p...Research paradigms determine the ways the history is written and the consequent research products.By analyzing the present historiography paradigms in library history,their characteristics and limitations,this study proposes new paradigms based on library archives in the periods of Late Qing Dynasty and Republican China.展开更多
Based on the historical records of the annual increase in the workforce (men older than 16 years of age), the annual new taxed cropland in the Shengjing area (Northeast China), the extreme climate events in North Chin...Based on the historical records of the annual increase in the workforce (men older than 16 years of age), the annual new taxed cropland in the Shengjing area (Northeast China), the extreme climate events in North China, and related management policies in Northeast China during 1661―1680, a case study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the extreme climate events in North China and the migration to Northeast China for cultivation. This study has found that the migration to Northeast China for cultivation from 1661 to 1680 was a response to the drought events that occurred in North China. The upsurge of migration, which occurred in 1665―1680, was a response to the drought period during 1664―1680 in North China while the fewer disasters period in Northeast China. There were three migratory peaks during the upsurge of migration, which corresponded to the three drought events. The peaks of migration, however, often lagged behind the drought events about 1―2 years. The encourag-ing-migration policy, which was adopted to encourage cultivation in Northeast China, did not produce much migration into the region in the early Qing Dynasty. It did, however, provide a policy background, which ensured more than 10000 migrants per year to Northeast China when North China suffered from drought/flood disasters. As a response to the highest peak of migration induced by the severe droughts in North China during 1664―1667, a prohibiting-migration policy restricted further migration to Northeast China was carried out in 1668. Although the prohibiting-migration policy could not entirely stop the migrants fleeing from famine in North China to Northeast China, the migrants and cultivation were significantly reduced under the policy. The frequent changes of the policy on the years when taxation started after the land was cultivated were also related to climate events. The extreme climate events in North China, migration to Northeast China for cultivation, and the related management poli-cies showed an impact-response chain, which reflected the interaction among extreme climate events, human behavior, and policies.展开更多
1698年,一只庋藏了众多医疗俗物及其他东方博物展品的中国橱柜(The China Cabinet)被捐赠予英国皇家学会,汉斯·斯隆在《哲学汇刊》上发表了对此柜的四篇解说。The China Cabinet内存储的“外科”用刀,修甲、采耳、按摩工具为重构...1698年,一只庋藏了众多医疗俗物及其他东方博物展品的中国橱柜(The China Cabinet)被捐赠予英国皇家学会,汉斯·斯隆在《哲学汇刊》上发表了对此柜的四篇解说。The China Cabinet内存储的“外科”用刀,修甲、采耳、按摩工具为重构明清中国民俗医疗器物史提供了宝贵的一手资料。在《哲学汇刊》大传统指引下,汉斯·斯隆借助“了解”“同情”的活态叙述、细致严谨的图像语言两项叙述技法成功地全景呈现了The China Cabinet所见中国民俗医疗图景。在表达过程中,包容互鉴的文明对话心态起到了基础而积极的效应。展开更多
The third section of the book is the shortest of the three sections. While the other two are each over 100 pages long and feature an appendix, section three is only 40 pages long and has no appendix.
Institutional reform and social changes in northeast China during the late Qing period are usually attributed to the Qing dynasty changing its policy on immigration to northeast China.However,institutional reform beca...Institutional reform and social changes in northeast China during the late Qing period are usually attributed to the Qing dynasty changing its policy on immigration to northeast China.However,institutional reform because of debt appeals between civilian creditors and the Mongolian princes is often overlooked.Using administrative cases from Fengtian Governor Archives and Kirin Prefecture Archives,this study identifies how the governor officers of northeast China changed Mongolian land rights and official finance institutions through appeal judgments in the late Qing dynasty.Appeals were related to Mongolian land rights reform and promoted the financial institutional reform in northeast China.This study concludes by arguing that the judgments affected the profits of the litigants and changed the local society.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Philosophical and Social Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province in 2015(2015sjd751)
文摘During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of Chongqing Social Science Planning project“Research on the repayment of‘Pre-war Deposits’in Chongqing Banking Industry after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War”(2020BS11)Chongqing Education Commission Project“Research on Prevention and Control of Financial Crisis in Chongqing during the Republic of China”(20SKGH111).
文摘There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency between form and content,institutional provisions and actual implementation.The modern nature of public debt must have both the form and content of modern public debt.Based on the analysis of the issuing background,system design,collection and repayment of patriotic bonds in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it is considered that the part of patriotic bonds subscribed by the Qing royal family is still the nature of donation and return,while the part subscribed by ordinary businessmen and people in the early Republic of China has a modern nature.The dual nature of patriotic bonds is closely related to the social background when the bonds are issued.
基金Sponsored by"Project Blue"Academic Leader Fund of Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute
文摘On the basis of analyzing socio-economic structures, social classes and their relations in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this paper took residential gardens of three principal groups(officials, merchants and literati) for example, analyzed functional features and layouts of the gardens, explored artistic characteristics and cultural connotations of the local residential gardens, so as to provide references for the conservation and construction of historic and cultural cities, design and expression of modern urban livable spaces.
基金the staged achievement of The Project supported by the Special Foundation for High-level Scientists of Guangdong Province(Grant No.11200-52010005)The Construction Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Guangdong Province(Grant No.GD12XHQ01)
文摘In the late Qing Dynasty and the early R epublic of China,foreign invasion made China suffer from an unprecedented humiliation,and the W estern powers initiated a commercial intrusion by forcing China to sign unequal treaties and open treaty ports. From this perspective,a deep exploration is made to study the corresponding influence and its function. The rule shows that the developing route of national politics,economy and culture can determine the trend of the development of overseas Chinese problem; in addition,it objectively reflects that the social nature is vital to overseas Chinese problem.
文摘The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS,No.KZCX1-SW-01-09Knowledge Innovation Project of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS, No.CXIOG-E01-05-01
文摘According to the length of city perimeter and the administration systems recorded in the historical literatures of the Qing Dynasty, a set of methods is developed to convert the historical records into the area of urban land use, by which a set of preliminary estimated urban land use data of the 18 provinces during the Emperor Jiaqing (1820AD) in the Qing Dynasty, is achieved. Based on the above achievements, the regional differences of urban land use are analyzed, and the comparison in urban land use between the Qing Dynasty and present (1999) is made.
文摘Research paradigms determine the ways the history is written and the consequent research products.By analyzing the present historiography paradigms in library history,their characteristics and limitations,this study proposes new paradigms based on library archives in the periods of Late Qing Dynasty and Republican China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40271115)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-sw-321)
文摘Based on the historical records of the annual increase in the workforce (men older than 16 years of age), the annual new taxed cropland in the Shengjing area (Northeast China), the extreme climate events in North China, and related management policies in Northeast China during 1661―1680, a case study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the extreme climate events in North China and the migration to Northeast China for cultivation. This study has found that the migration to Northeast China for cultivation from 1661 to 1680 was a response to the drought events that occurred in North China. The upsurge of migration, which occurred in 1665―1680, was a response to the drought period during 1664―1680 in North China while the fewer disasters period in Northeast China. There were three migratory peaks during the upsurge of migration, which corresponded to the three drought events. The peaks of migration, however, often lagged behind the drought events about 1―2 years. The encourag-ing-migration policy, which was adopted to encourage cultivation in Northeast China, did not produce much migration into the region in the early Qing Dynasty. It did, however, provide a policy background, which ensured more than 10000 migrants per year to Northeast China when North China suffered from drought/flood disasters. As a response to the highest peak of migration induced by the severe droughts in North China during 1664―1667, a prohibiting-migration policy restricted further migration to Northeast China was carried out in 1668. Although the prohibiting-migration policy could not entirely stop the migrants fleeing from famine in North China to Northeast China, the migrants and cultivation were significantly reduced under the policy. The frequent changes of the policy on the years when taxation started after the land was cultivated were also related to climate events. The extreme climate events in North China, migration to Northeast China for cultivation, and the related management poli-cies showed an impact-response chain, which reflected the interaction among extreme climate events, human behavior, and policies.
基金supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China(No 2010CB950103)grants from the National Science Foundation of China(No41071127,No40901099)
文摘1698年,一只庋藏了众多医疗俗物及其他东方博物展品的中国橱柜(The China Cabinet)被捐赠予英国皇家学会,汉斯·斯隆在《哲学汇刊》上发表了对此柜的四篇解说。The China Cabinet内存储的“外科”用刀,修甲、采耳、按摩工具为重构明清中国民俗医疗器物史提供了宝贵的一手资料。在《哲学汇刊》大传统指引下,汉斯·斯隆借助“了解”“同情”的活态叙述、细致严谨的图像语言两项叙述技法成功地全景呈现了The China Cabinet所见中国民俗医疗图景。在表达过程中,包容互鉴的文明对话心态起到了基础而积极的效应。
文摘The third section of the book is the shortest of the three sections. While the other two are each over 100 pages long and feature an appendix, section three is only 40 pages long and has no appendix.
基金This paper benefited from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project No.1709068-11200-31610148).
文摘Institutional reform and social changes in northeast China during the late Qing period are usually attributed to the Qing dynasty changing its policy on immigration to northeast China.However,institutional reform because of debt appeals between civilian creditors and the Mongolian princes is often overlooked.Using administrative cases from Fengtian Governor Archives and Kirin Prefecture Archives,this study identifies how the governor officers of northeast China changed Mongolian land rights and official finance institutions through appeal judgments in the late Qing dynasty.Appeals were related to Mongolian land rights reform and promoted the financial institutional reform in northeast China.This study concludes by arguing that the judgments affected the profits of the litigants and changed the local society.
