The impacts of climate change on the Neolithic cultures of Gansu-Qinghai region during the late Holocene Megathermal

The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spatial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yangshao Culture prosperity emerged. The Holocene entered the late period after the cold climate event at 5.9 ka BP in the Gansu-Qinghai region. Later the climate began to turn cold. However, at the 5.8-4.2 ka BP a relatively stable warm and humid climate created the conditions for the development of Majiayao Culture of the Neolithic Age in this region, thus the distribution of its cultural heritage sites expanded towards high altitudes and high latitudes. From 4.2 ka BP onwards, the climate became cold and dry, which had a significant influence on the Neolithic cultures of the Gansu-Qinghai region, leading to a dramatic change in the cultural characters and spatial distribution of Qijia Culture around 4.2 ka BP. After a nearly 300 years of cold and dry period, the unified Neolithic farming culture completely collapsed. Afterwards an industrial division of animal husbandry and farming and regional multiple cultures formed, and ultimately led to the end of primitive society and the starting of a civilized society.

Progress of Geological Survey Using Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data in the Gansu and Qinghai Regions

Hyperspectral remote sensing is now a frontier of the remote sensing technology. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data have hundreds of narrow bands to obtain complete and continuous ground-object spectra. Therefore, they can be effectively used to identify these grotmd objects which are difficult to discriminate by using wide-band data, and show much promise in geological survey. At the height of 1500 m, have 36 bands in visible to the CASI hyperspectral data near-infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 19 nm and a space resolution of 0.9 m. The SASI data have 101 bands in the shortwave infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 15 nm and a space resolution of 2.25 m. In 2010, China Geological Survey deployed an airborne CASI/SASI hyperspectral measurement project, and selected the Liuyuan and Fangshankou areas in the Beishan metallogenic belt of Gansu Province, and the Nachitai area of East Kunlun metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province to conduct geological survey. The work period of this project was three years.

Short-term responses to salinity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seedlings in the extremely cold and saline Qinghai region of China

The investigation of the mechanisms of plant adaptation to stressor action is one of the leading directions of current biological studies. To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance of seabuckthom （Hippophae rhamnoides L.） and identify its ability to cope with the salinity effect in the saline and extremely cold region of Qinghai, China, a test was conducted with two-year-old seedlings subjected to 0, 200, 400 and 600 mmol·L^-1 NaClsolutions for 30 d. The results show that with an increase in salinity, the biomass of H. rhamnoides seedlings clearly decreased. Leaf water potential （ψw） and relative water content （RWC） were significantly reduced under salinity, with severe water shortages appearing in leaves. At the same time, the total chlorophyll content declined markedly. When salinity increased and stress time prolonged, the net CO2 assimilation rate （A） significantly declined. Intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） declined at first and was then followed by an increase over the stress time. We conclude that H. rhamnoides grown in the extremely cold and saline region of Qinghai has a certain resistance to salt, which can be planted at appropriate salinity levels.

Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Haidong Agricultural Region in Qinghai and Its Adaptive Countermeasures

[Objective] The aim was to study climate changes and its effects on agriculture in Haidong agricultural region.[Method] Based on meteorology and agricultural observation data in Haidong agricultural region from 1961 to 2009,the characteristics of climate change and its effects on agriculture were analyzed,and the possible effects of future climate change on Haidong agriculture were predicted according to the future climate scenarios provided by down-scaling climate model.[Result] Annual mean temperature in Haidong agricultural region during 1961-2009 showed obvious increase trend,with the rising rate of 0.37 ℃/10 a;annual mean precipitation and annual total sunshine duration went down slightly,with the climatic tendency of 3.70 mm/10 a and-27.55 h/10 a,respectively;climate extreme event occurred less frequently but became severer in recent 49 years.In future 100 years,temperature in Haidong agricultural region would go up significantly,with the slight increase of rainfall,and climate changes would affect agricultural production environment,arrangement,structure and productivity,namely increasing yield fluctuation of agricultural production,cost and investment and changing arrangement and structure.In order to adapt climate change,it was necessary to adjust agricultural structure,strengthen management,improve agricultural infrastructure,adopt new technology,increase the resistance ability of agricultural production to climate change actively and designedly,so as to improve adaptability,furthest reduce loss and realize potential benefit.[Conclusion] Our study could provide references for the decision of government and agricultural sector.

Grassland degradation in the ＂Three-River Headwaters＂ region, Qinghai Province

Supported by MSS images in the mid and late 1970s,TM images in the early 1990s and TM/ETM images in 2004,grassland degradation in the＂Three-River Headwaters＂region （TRH region）was interpreted through analysis on RS images in two time series,then the spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the TRH region were analyzed since the 1970s.The results showed that grassland degradation in the TRH region was a continuous change process which had large affected area and long time scale,and rapidly strengthen phenomenon did not exist in the 1990s as a whole.Grassland degradation pattern in the TRH region took shape initially in the mid and late 1970s.Since the 1970s,this degradation process has taken place continuously,obviously characterizing different rules in different regions.In humid and semi-humid meadow region,grassland firstly fragmentized, then vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally＂black-soil-patch＂degraded grassland was formed.But in semi-arid and arid steppe region,the vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally desertification was formed.Because grassland degradation had obviously regional differences in the TRH region,it could be regionalized into 7 zones, and each zone had different characteristics in type,grade,scale and time process of grassland degradation.

Reconstruction of the Triassic Tectonic Lithofacies Paleogeography in Qiangtang Region, Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

The Triassic petrostratigraphic system and chronologic stratigraphic sketch have been updated and perfected in the Qiangtang area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the integrated 1：250000 regional geological survey and the latest research progeny. The first finished 1：3000000 Triassic tectonic lithofacies paleogeographic maps in the Qiangtang area shows that the Triassic tectonic unit in the Qiangtang area can been divided into three parts from north to south： northern Qiangtang block; Longmucuo-Shuanghu suture zone; and southern Qiangtang block. The early-middle Triassic tectonic paleogeography in the Qiangtang area is divides into three sub- units： northern Qiangtang passive continental marginal basin （NQPB）, Longmucuo- Shuanghu residual basin （LSRB） and southern Qiangtang residual basin （SQRB）. The NQPB can be subdivided into four paleogeography units： The Tanggula-Zangxiahe shallow and bathyal sea; The Wangquanhe- Yingshuiquan carbonate platform; The Rejuechaka-Jiangaidarina littoral- shallow sea; and Qiangtang central uplift. The above units of The NQPB possess EW trend, geomorphology high in the south and low in the north, the seawater depth northward. The basinal paleo-current direction is unidirectional, and basinal tectonic subsidence center is in accord with the depo-center, located in the Tanggula-Zangxiahe belt, north of the basin. The sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the NQPB are characterized with passive continental marginal basin. The Qiangtang central orogenic denuded area （ancient land） may be as a sedimentary materials source of the NQPB. SQRB can be divided into two units： Duoma carbonate platform and southern Qiangtang neritic-deep sea. The late Triassic tectonic paleogeography in the Qiangtang area is the framework of the ＂archipelagic-sea＂ as a whole, and it may be divided into three sub-units： northern Qiangtang back- arc foreland basin（NQFB）, Longmucuo-Shuanghu residual basin（LSRB） and southern Qiangtang marginal-sea basin（SQMB）. Thereinto, NQFB can be divided into five paleogeography units： the Zangxiahe-Mingjinghu bathyal basin characterized with the flysch; the Tanggula shallow-sea shelf with the fine-clastics; the Juhuashang platform with carbonates; the Tumenggela-Shuanghu coastal- delta with coal-bearing clastics and the Nadigangri- Geladandong arc with volcanics and tuffs. In transverse section, the NQFB fills is wedge-shaped, and the sediments characterized with thicker in north and thinner in south, and with double materials derived from the Ruolagangri orogenic belt in north and the Shuanghu central orogenic belt in south. The late Triassic depocenter of NQFB is located in the middle of the basin, the Yakecuo-Bandaohu-Quemocuo belt, but the subsidence center in the north, the Zangxiahe- Mingjinghu belt, and basinal tectonic subsidence center not concordant with the depo-center. Late Triassic, the SQMB may be divided into three sub-units： Xiaochaka shallow-sea; Riganpeicuo platform~ and South Qiangtang southern bathyal basin. In transverse section, the basement of the SQMB is characterized with low in the northern and southern, but high in the middle; forming wedge shaped sediments with thicker in the north and thinner in the south; the sedimentary materials derived from the Qiangtang central uplift and Nadigangri arcs in north. The late Triassic subsidence centre of the SQMB is located in the northern （Xiaochaka area）, but the depocenter in the southern （Qixiancuo Suobucha area）. The sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the SQMB are characterized with marginal sea.

Analysis of the Cooling Mechanism of a Crushed Rock Embankment in Warm and Lower Temperature Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Based on data monitored in situ and theoretical analysis,the characteristics of the temperature field and mechanism of thermal conduction of a crushed rock embankment were studied along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.The results of experi-ments in the field revealed that the cooling effect of a crushed rock embankment is influenced mainly by the natural con-vection in winter and shield effect in summer,the ventilation of crushed rocks,and the ground temperature regime be-neath the embankment.Consequently,these three factors should be taken into account in numerical simulations,but it is as a result of natural convection only.

Early Permian–Late Triassic Magmatism in the Tuotuohe Region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Constraints on the Tectonic evolution of the Western Segment of the Jinshajiang Suture

In this paper we present new zircon U-Pb ages,whole-rock major and trace element analyses,and zircon Hf isotopic data for magmatic rocks in the Tuotuohe region of the western segment of the Jinshajiang suture.Our aim is to constrain the Early Permian-Late Triassic tectonic evolution of the region.Zircons from the magmatic rocks of the Tuotuohe region are euhedralsubhedral in shape and display fine-scale oscillatory zoning as well as high Th/U ratios （0.4-4.6）,indicating a magmatic origin.The zircon U-Pb ages obtained using LA-ICP-MS are 281 ± 1 Ma,258 ± 1 Ma,244 ± 1 Ma,and 216 ± 1 Ma,which indicate magmatism in the Early Permian-Late Triassic.A diorite from Bashihubei （BSHN） has SiO2 =57.18-59.97 wt％,Al2O3=15.70-16.53 wt％,and total alkalis （Na2O ＋ K2O） =4.46-6.34 wt％,typical of calc-alkaline and metaluminous series.A gabbro from Bashibadaoban （BSBDB） belongs to the alkaline series,and is poor in SiO2 （45.46-54.03 wt％） but rich in Al2O3 （16.19-17.39 wt％） and total alkalis （Na2O ＋ K2O =5.48-6.26 wt％）.The BSHN diorite and the BSBDB gabbro both display an enrichment of LREEs and LILEs and depletion of HFSEs,and they have no obvious Eu anomaly; they have relatively low MgO contents （2.54-4.93 wt％）,Mg# values of 43 to 52,and low Cr and Ni contents （8.07-33.6 ppm and 4.41-14.2 ppm,respectively）,indicating they differentiated from primitive mantle magmas.They have low Nb/U,Ta/ U,and Ce/Pb ratios （1.3-9.6,0.2-0.8,and 0.1-18.1,respectively）,and their initial Hf isotopic ratios range from ＋9.6 to ＋16.9 （BSHN diorite） and ＋6.5 to ＋12.6 （BSBDB gabbro）,suggesting their primary magmas were derived mainly from the partial melting of a mantle wedge that had been metasomatized by subduction fluids.Taking all the new data together,we conclude that the western and eastern segment of the Jinshajiang suture regions underwent identical processes of evolution in the Early Permian-Late Triassic：oceanic crust subduction before the Early Permian,continental collision during the Early-Middle Triassic,and post-collisional extension from the Late Triassic.

Applying the AHP-FUZZY method to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: a case study of Chaidaer-Muli Railway

This article attempts to investigate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a case study, Chaidaer-Muli Railway is used to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions. The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is thus employed to establish the evaluation indicator system. The evaluation factor is selected by analyzing the mutual relation between the permafrost environment and roadbed engineering. Thus, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the selected evaluation indices. Each factor is weighted to determine the status in the evaluation system, and grading standards are built for providing a basis for the evaluation. Then, the fuzzy mathematical method is introduced to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions along the Chadaer-Muli Railway. Results show that most of the permafrost roadbed is in a preferable condition(b) along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway due to rubble engineering measures. This proportion reaches to 86.1%. The proportion in good(a), general(c) and poor states(d) are 0.0%, 7.5% and 6.4%, respectively, in all the evaluation sections along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway. Ground-temperature monitoring results are generally consistent with AHP-FUZZY evaluation results. This means that the AHP-FUZZY method can be applied to evaluate the effect of rubble roadbed engineering measures in permafrost regions. The effect evaluation of engineering measures will provide timely and effective feedback information for further engineering design. The series of engineering measures will more effectively protect permafrost stability.

Review on Regional Climate Change Induced by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Uplift

[Objective]The aim was to study the influence of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift on regional climate in China.[Method] Trough relevant study of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding movement,the tectonic movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas,especially the case of the impact caused by plateau phased uplift were studied based on paleomagnetic measurements.[Result]The increasing Qinghai-Tibet Plateau led to obvious transition from dry to cold in northwest China and it became dry quickly,which led to loess accumulation,replacement of vegetation types and human activity.Meanwhile,it was dry,and there was certain degree of climate changes in the area.[Conclusion] Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had far-reaching significance on basic climate characteristics in northwest China.

EVOLUTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE PHYSICO-EOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE QINGHAI-XIZANG (TIBETAN) PLATEAU

The intense uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau givesrise to drastic changes of natural environment and distinctdifferentiation of the Plateau proper. This paper focuses on theevolution of subtropical environment at low altitude to frigidenvironment at high altitude of the region since Pliocene and thechanges effected by cold-warm amplitude bf global change. Bycomparative study on the structure-type of the altitudinal belt, adistributional model diagram with close relevance to highlanduplift effect has been generalized. Based on regjonaldifferentiation of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a number ofstriking geo-ecological phenomena such as moisture corridor, dryvalleys and high cold-arid core area are investigated anddiscussed.

双能X射线吸收法诊断青海地区女性绝经后类风湿性关节炎患者骨质疏松症及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨双能X射线吸收法(DXA)诊断青海地区女性绝经后类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者发生骨质疏松症(OP)的危险因素。方法:选取2022年5月至2023年4月青海省中医院收治的200例绝经后女性RA患者,所有患者入院后均进行骨密度(BMD)检测,采用DXA测量腰椎L1~L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体、前臂整体等部位。根据BMD检测结果,将患者各部位BMD的T值≤-2.5 SD纳入OP组(121例),BMD的T值>-2.5 SD纳入非OP组(79例)。对比分析两组RA患者不同部位的BMD的T值;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分析BMD的T值诊断OP效能;采用logistic回归法分析青海地区绝经后RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结果:OP组L1、L2、L3、L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体及前臂整体BMD的T值均明显低于非OP组。ROC曲线分析中,L1、L2、L3、L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体及前臂整体BMD的T值诊断OP的灵敏度分别为96.20%、95.22%、90.16%、96.03%、92.01%、89.36%、99.26%、90.02%和96.03%,特异度分别为81.00%、82.19%、85.22%、83.06%、83.06%、90.22%、80.06%、86.23%和83.09%,AUC分别为0.908、0.905、0.896、0.906、0.903、0.879、0.918、0.901和0.906。logistic回归分析中,高龄、病程长、28个关节的风湿活动度评分(DAS28)、血沉及补充钙剂等均为青海地区绝经后女性RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结论:DXA检测RA发生OP患者BMD可作为OP评估的“金标准”,且影响青海地区绝经后女性RA患者发生OP的危险因素较多,临床应结合相关因素制定合理的措施,以降低OP的发生率。

Permafrost in Qinghai Province:Characterization and impact on transportation construction

Through a long-term summary of highway construction in the permafrost regions of Qinghai Province, the formation conditions and distribution characteristics of permafrost and their impact on transportation construction are analyzed. Research achievements on the stability of highways and urgent technical problems in the transportation construction in permafrost regions are discussed, and new development directions of highway construction in permafrost regions of Qinghai Province are introduced to provide cold regions engineering researchers with valuable references.

青海地区不同动物源志贺菌毒力相关基因的分布研究

为了解青海省不同动物源志贺菌相关毒力基因的分布情况,试验对分离自青海省不同地区的62株不同动物源志贺菌进行了DNA提取,将其作为模板对志贺菌的毒力基因set1B、virA、set1A、ial、ipaBCD、Sen、icsP、iutA、icsA、ipaH进行了PCR检测,并统计各毒力基因在不同动物源志贺菌中的检出率、不同动物源志贺菌毒力基因携带模式及携带毒力基因种类。结果表明:62株志贺菌毒力基因set1B、virA、set1A、ial、ipaBCD、icsP、Sen、iutA、icsA、ipaH的检出率分别为6.5%、43.5%、3.2%、25.8%、37.1%、0、12.9%、22.6%、50.0%、100%。在27株猪源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、VirA、icsA、ipaBCD的检出率较高,然后依次为ial、iutA、Sen,未检出icsP。在27株鸡源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、icsA、virA的检出率较高,然后依次为ipaBCD、ial、Sen、iutA,未检出set1B、set1A、icsP。在4株牦牛源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、icsA、ipaBCD的检出率较高,然后依次为virA、ial、iutA,未检出set1B、set1A、Sen、icsP。在4株藏羊源志贺菌中,毒力基因ipaH、ipaBCD、iutA的检出率较高;然后依次为virA、ial,未检出set1B、set1A、Sen、icsP、icsA。在62株志贺菌中,有7株菌只检出毒力基因ipaH,55株菌携带两种及以上毒力基因,共呈现出30种携带模式,其中以virA-icsA-ipaH模式的菌株最多(11.3%,7/62),然后为ipaBCD-ipaH模式(9.7%,6/62);猪源和鸡源志贺菌毒力基因的携带模式均为18种,牦牛和藏羊源志贺菌毒力基因的携带模式均为4种。在62株志贺菌中,有18株菌携带2种毒力基因,15株菌携带3种毒力基因,13株菌携带4种毒力基因,7株菌携带5种毒力基因,2株菌携带6种毒力基因。27株猪源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为3.7%、40.7%、14.8%、18.5%、14.8%、7.4%,27株鸡源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为18.5%、18.5%、29.6%、22.2%、11.1%、0,4株牦牛源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为25.0%、0、25.0%、50.0%、0、0,4株藏羊源志贺菌中携带1,2,3,4,5,6种毒力基因菌株的占比分别为0、50.0%、50.0%、0、0、0。62株志贺菌单毒力基因携带率(11.3%,7/62)<多重毒力基因携带率(88.7%,55/62),其中猪源志贺菌的多重基因携带率最高(42.0%),然后依次为鸡源(35.5%)、藏羊源(6.4%)和牦牛源(4.8%)。说明青海地区志贺菌携带多种毒力基因,携带模式呈现多样性且因动物源不同有所差异,同时应重点加强青海地区猪志贺菌病的防治工作。

Zircon U–Pb age and geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic implication of the Tuotuohe Cenozoic alkaline magmatism in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

A large number of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline/alkali-rich igneous rocks were developed in the Tuotuohe region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,we present zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotope data,and major and trace element compositions of the Cenozoic alkaline rocks from the Tuotuohe region in order to constraint the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history of Qiangtang Block.Zircon U-Pb ages were measured via LA-ICP-MS to be39.6,37.6 and 32.0 Ma.The 39.6 Ma trachyte was characterized by low SiO2 and high K2O and MgO contents.The 37.6 and 32.0 Ma orthophyres show enrichment in SiO2 and K2O,but deficient in MgO.All of the samples belong to the alkaline rocks.These rocks display enrichment in REE,LREE,and LILE,depletion in HFSE,and no obvious Eu anomalies.Geological and geochemical features suggest that there were two possible mechanisms for the origin of the alkaline rocks in the Tuotuohe region:(1)the removed mafic lower crust dropped into the asthenosphere,forming the mix magma(Nariniya trachyte);(2)the upwelling asthenosphere triggered the crustal melting(Nariniya and Zamaqu orthophyre).The Eocene-Oligocene alkaline rocks in the study and adjacent areas are likely to be the result of the same tectonic-magmatic event of deep lithospheric evolution that is the crustal material melting triggered by lithospheric delamination.This conclusion extends the influence scope of lithospheric delamination eastward to the Tuotuohe region(*92°E)from Banda Co(*82°E).

Water Environmental Degradation of the Source Area of the Yellow River on Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The issue on water environmental degradation in the source area of the Yellow River has been one of very serious ecological and socially economic problems. The temporal-spatial changes of water environment led to the decreasing of land capacity and river disconnecting. The status of water environmental degradation in this paper was analyzed based on the data and field investigation. The results indicated that the surface water area in the region has obviously decreased owing to the climate changes and human irrational use of water resources and the continuous lowering of the regional groundwater table and the steadily decreasing tendency of the flow rate in the source areas of the Yellow River.

青海地区慢乙肝中医体质类型与中医证候分布的临床特征分析

目的:探究青海地区慢乙肝(CHB)患者中医体质类型与中医证候分布的临床特征,为临床诊疗提供理论依据。方法:根据青海省中医院肝病科优势病种诊疗方案,选取2021年10月至2022年12月于我院门诊及住院治疗的352例慢乙肝患者,由至少2位副主任医师确定患者的中医体质类型及中医证候,采用皮尔逊卡方检验及列联系数或Fisher确切概率法分析不同中医体质类型与中医证候分布及相关因素之间的关联性。结果:352例慢乙肝患者中医体质以气虚质为主,占29.26%,其中在142例单纯慢性乙型肝炎患者中出现频率较高的中医体质类型依次为气虚质(27.46%)、平和质(23.24%)、气郁质(20.42%);在65例乙型肝炎肝硬化代偿期患者中出现频率较高的中医体质类型依次为气虚质(36.92%)、气郁质(23.08%)、湿热质(16.92%);在145例乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者中出现频率较高的中医体质类型依次为气虚质(27.59%)、痰湿质(18.62%)、湿热质(13.79%)。中医证候以肝郁脾虚证为主,主要见于气虚质。中医体质类型与中医证候分布及性别、年龄、民族、家族史、CHB疾病诊断类型有关(P<0.01),与病程无关(P>0.05)。中医证候类型分布与CHB疾病诊断类型存在关联性,P=0.000(P<0.01),且列联系数为0.552。结论:青海地区慢乙肝患者中医体质类型以偏颇体质为常见,主要为气虚质,男性多于女性,中医证候主要为肝郁脾虚证,中医体质类型与中医证候分布之间存在相关性。

生态产业化、技术创新与青藏高原地区经济可持续发展

生态产业化是遵循产业化规律推动生态建设的生态环境高水平发展模式。理论上生态产业化的完善进步与技术创新密不可分,统筹推进生态产业化有助于实现经济可持续发展,为全球生态脆弱地区生态价值与经济社会的协调发展提供参考。论文以2006—2021年中国青藏高原地区为研究对象,利用熵权TOPSIS法计算生态产业化和可持续发展的综合指数,在个体固定效应模型下分析生态产业化对可持续发展的驱动作用和传导机制。研究发现:生态产业化能够显著促进中国青藏高原地区经济可持续发展;生态产业化与技术创新呈显著正相关关系;技术创新在生态产业化与经济可持续发展之间发挥了部分中介作用。因此,中国青藏高原地区应加大对“双碳”等科技创新的支持力度,着力发挥好生态产业化对经济可持续发展的正向效应,保护生态环境的同时促进生态脆弱地区民生改善,践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念。

青海湖流域种子植物区系研究

青海湖流域位于青海省东部(36°15′~38°15′N,97°50′~101°45′E),处于青藏高原和黄土高原的过渡地带,海拔3 160~4 953 m,全区面积约29 660 km2,属于高原大陆性气候。该区有种子植物823种,隶属于61科231属,依次为青海种、科、属数的23.13%、62.89%和38.82%。区系分析结果表明:(1)该区系的种类仅有2.78种/km2,这在唐古特地区的众多自然区域中相对并不丰富。(2)包括中国特有植物种类在内,该区系的温带成分占99.00%,以绝对优势确定了本区系明显的温带性质。(3)木本种类少,少有古老的和原始的类群,而是以多年生草本为核心的植物区系。(4)该区的一些中国特有种是经其广布的亲缘种衍生而来,这是该区系年轻和衍生的性质的具体体现。(5)我国华北区系和西南高山区系均对该区具有不同程度的影响。(6)特有属少,特有种多数为水生植物,表现出青海湖独特而隐域性的水湿环境的特化结果。(7)中国特有种的核心成分是出现种类最多的甘肃—西藏—四川亚型。而在青藏高原植物亚区中,该区隶属于其中的唐古特地区。

明代藏传佛教在甘青地区的传播与发展

甘青地区是我国藏传佛教流布的重要地区,明代是藏传佛教在这一地区传播与发展的关键时期。有明一代,由于统治者的大力扶持,加之具有深厚的信仰基础,藏传佛教成为这里占据主导性地位的意识形态。明王朝对这里采取“因其俗尚,用僧徒化导”的怀柔政策,只要该宗教领袖具有一定的实力,不论是属于藏传佛教哪一教派,都根据其信众多寡和实力大小授予相应的封号,以示优宠。同时,将在内地行之已久的僧司制度移植到了西北地区,使其成为管理该区域内部各种宗教事务的官方机构。明政府还在甘青地区敕建了瞿昙寺、大崇教寺、弘化寺等大批寺院,有力地推动了该地区藏传佛教寺院的兴建。藏传佛教格鲁派兴起以后,引起了明王朝的高度重视,其宗教领袖释迦也失被明政府封为“大慈法王”,格鲁派与明王朝的联系日渐密切。在明政府的支持与推动下,明代中后期在甘青地区形成了格鲁派传播与发展的高潮,大批寺院如雨后春笋般纷纷拔地而起,一些其他教派寺院也相继改宗格鲁派。