Digital educational content is gaining importance as an incubator of pedagogical methodologies in formal and informal online educational settings. Its educational efficiency is directly dependent on its quality, howev...Digital educational content is gaining importance as an incubator of pedagogical methodologies in formal and informal online educational settings. Its educational efficiency is directly dependent on its quality, however educational content is more than information and data. This paper presents a new data quality framework for assessing digital educational content used for teaching in distance learning environments. The model relies on the ISO2500 series quality standard and beside providing the mechanisms for multi-facet quality assessment it also supports organizations that design, create, manage and use educational content with the quality tools (expressed as quality metrics and measurement methods) to provide a more efficient distance education experience. The model describes the quality characteristics of the educational material content using data and software quality characteristics.展开更多
Within a collaborative project between Slovenian Environment Agency （ARSO） and Research Center Jfilich （FZJ）, nitrogen reduction levels necessary to reach groundwater quality targets in Slovenia were assessed. For...Within a collaborative project between Slovenian Environment Agency （ARSO） and Research Center Jfilich （FZJ）, nitrogen reduction levels necessary to reach groundwater quality targets in Slovenia were assessed. For this purpose the hydrological model GROWA- DENUZ was coupled with agricultural N balances and applied consistently to the whole territory of Slovenia in a spatial resolution of 100 x 100 m. GROWA was used to determine the water balance in Slovenia for the hydrologic period 1971-2000. Simultaneously, the displaceable N load in soft was assessed from agricultural Slovenian N surpluses for 2011 and the atmospheric N deposition. Subsequently, the DENUZ model was used to assess the nitrate degradation in soil and, in combination with the percolation water rates from the GROWA model, to determine nitrate concentration in the leachate. The areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in the leachate above the EU groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3/L have been identified as priority areas for implementing nitrogen reduction measures. For these ＂hot spot＂ areas DENUZ was used in a backward mode to quantify the maximal permissible nitrogen surplus levels in agriculture to guarantee a nitrate concentration in percolation water below 50 mg NO3/L. Model results indicate that additional N reduction measures should be implemented in priority areas rather than area-covering. Research work will directly support the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive in Slovenia, e.g., by using the maximal permissible nitrogen surplus levels as a framework for the derivation of regionally adapted and hence effective nitrogen reduction measures.展开更多
文摘Digital educational content is gaining importance as an incubator of pedagogical methodologies in formal and informal online educational settings. Its educational efficiency is directly dependent on its quality, however educational content is more than information and data. This paper presents a new data quality framework for assessing digital educational content used for teaching in distance learning environments. The model relies on the ISO2500 series quality standard and beside providing the mechanisms for multi-facet quality assessment it also supports organizations that design, create, manage and use educational content with the quality tools (expressed as quality metrics and measurement methods) to provide a more efficient distance education experience. The model describes the quality characteristics of the educational material content using data and software quality characteristics.
文摘Within a collaborative project between Slovenian Environment Agency （ARSO） and Research Center Jfilich （FZJ）, nitrogen reduction levels necessary to reach groundwater quality targets in Slovenia were assessed. For this purpose the hydrological model GROWA- DENUZ was coupled with agricultural N balances and applied consistently to the whole territory of Slovenia in a spatial resolution of 100 x 100 m. GROWA was used to determine the water balance in Slovenia for the hydrologic period 1971-2000. Simultaneously, the displaceable N load in soft was assessed from agricultural Slovenian N surpluses for 2011 and the atmospheric N deposition. Subsequently, the DENUZ model was used to assess the nitrate degradation in soil and, in combination with the percolation water rates from the GROWA model, to determine nitrate concentration in the leachate. The areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in the leachate above the EU groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3/L have been identified as priority areas for implementing nitrogen reduction measures. For these ＂hot spot＂ areas DENUZ was used in a backward mode to quantify the maximal permissible nitrogen surplus levels in agriculture to guarantee a nitrate concentration in percolation water below 50 mg NO3/L. Model results indicate that additional N reduction measures should be implemented in priority areas rather than area-covering. Research work will directly support the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive in Slovenia, e.g., by using the maximal permissible nitrogen surplus levels as a framework for the derivation of regionally adapted and hence effective nitrogen reduction measures.
