Determination of Consistency between Quantitative Evaluation and Non-quantitative Evaluation

The combination of quantitative evaluation(QE)and non-quantitative evaluation(NQE)is an important evaluation tool in the fields of academic level evaluation(e.g.,EasyChair,Academic paper review form)and internet commodity evaluation(e.g.,Amazon’s review,Feedback).But the inconsistency between QE and NQE greatly reduces the correctness and usability of the evaluation.Therefore,it is a necessary task to judge whether QE is consistent with NQE.In this paper,the predicate formula satisfiability problem is firstly reduced in polynomial time to the consistency problem of QE and NQE,and the uncertainty of the consistency problem is proved.Then the approximate solution to the problem is investigated by using a natural language processing method,which performs sentiment analysis on NQE and finally invokes a database query statement to determine whether QE is consistent with NQE.The results shed light on the feasibility of using the natural language processing method to solve undecidable problems.

Quantitative evaluation methods for waterflooded layers of conglomerate reservoir based on well logging data

The rapid changing near source, multi-stream depositional environment of conglomerate reservoirs leads to severe heterogeneity, complex lithology and physical properties, and large changes of oil layer resistivity. Quantitative evaluation of water-flooded layers has become an important but difficult focus for secondary development of oilfields. In this paper, based on the analysis of current problems in quantitative evaluation of water-flooded layers, the Kexia Group conglomerate reservoir of the Sixth District in the Karamay Oilfield was studied. Eight types of conglomerate reservoir lithology were identified effectively by a data mining method combined with the data from sealed coring wells, and then a multi-parameter model for quantitative evaluation of the water-flooded layers of the main oil-bearing lithology was developed. Water production rate, oil saturation and oil productivity index were selected as the characteristic parameters for quantitative evaluation of water-flooded layers of conglomerate reservoirs. Finally, quantitative evaluation criteria and identification rules for water-flooded layers of main oil-bearing lithology formed by integration of the three characteristic parameters of water-flooded layer and undisturbed formation resistivity. This method has been used in evaluation of the water-flooded layers of a conglomerate reservoir in the Karamay Oilfield and achieved good results, improving the interpretation accuracy and compliance rate. It will provide technical support for avoiding perforation of high water-bearing layers and for adjustment of developmental programs.

Quantitative evaluation of multi-process collaborative operation in steelmaking–continuous casting sections

The quantitative evaluation of multi-process collaborative operation is of great significance for the improvement of production planning and scheduling in steelmaking–continuous casting sections(SCCSs). However, this evaluation is difficult since it relies on an in-depth understanding of the operating mechanism of SCCSs, and few existing methods can be used to conduct the evaluation, due to the lack of full-scale consideration of the multiple factors related to the production operation. In this study, three quantitative models were developed, and the multiprocess collaborative operation level was evaluated through the laminar-flow operation degree, the process matching degree, and the scheduling strategy availability degree. Based on the evaluation models for the laminar-flow operation and process matching levels, this study investigated the production status of two steelmaking plants, plants A and B, based on actual production data. The average laminar-flow operation(process matching) degrees of SCCSs were obtained as 0.638(0.610) and 1.000(0.759) for plants A and B, respectively, for the period of April to July 2019. Then, a scheduling strategy based on the optimization of the furnace-caster coordinating mode was suggested for plant A. Simulation experiments showed higher availability than the greedy-based and manual strategies. After the proposed scheduling strategy was applied,the average process matching degree of the SCCS of plant A increased by 4.6% for the period of September to November 2019. The multi-process collaborative operation level was improved with fewer adjustments and interruptions in casting.

Synthetically quantitative evaluation function of characteristic parameters on CO_2 arc welding process

The statistical probability and their variation regularity of the measurable characteristic parameters in the CO 2 arc welding droplet short circuiting transfer process have been studied. The statistical analysis shows that the sensitivity of each characteristic parameter with regard to the variation of the short circuiting transfer process is different. The sensitivity of 4 kinds among these characteristic parameters is more intense than that of the short circuiting transfer frequency. In order to take account of the synthetic influence of these characteristic parameters, by means of the characteristic parameters synthetic value, a quantitative evaluation function is built up to describe and evaluate the short circuiting transfer process of CO 2 arc welding in real time. The testing shows that the evaluation function can give a suitable synthetic valuation for the short circuiting transfer process with a variety of welding variables.

Quantitative evaluation and spatial differentiation of eco-environmental livability in Zhejiang Province, China

The scientific analyses of the spatial patterns of regional eco-environment livability,along with the explorations of the correlations between ecoenvironments and population and economic activity distributions,are of major significance in the guidance of the coordinated development between social economies,natural resources,and environments.In this study,the topography,climate,hydrology,land cover,air quality,and the dangers presented by natural hazards in the study area were investigated in order to establish an evaluation model for the regional eco-environmental livability.Then,the observed spatial patterns and regional differences in the eco-environmental livability,as well as their relationships with the distributions of population and economic activities in Zhejiang Province,were investigated.The results showed that the ecoenvironmental livability in Zhejiang Province displayed a gradual decreasing trend from southwest to northeast,as well as from the mountains to the hills,valleys,and plains areas.During the compartmentalization of the eco-environmental livability,it was observed that the lowest livable area covered the largest population,accounting for approximately 29.64%of the total population in the study area.The higher livable areas covered the widest land areas,accounting for approximately 26.15%of the total area.Moreover,it was found that the eco-environmental livability in the mountain areas was higher than that in the plain areas in Zhejiang Province.Furthermore,the ecoenvironmental livability was found to have a significant exponential relationship with the population and GDP densities of Zhejiang Province,with the R^2 of the curve-fittings reaching 0.835 and 0.656,respectively.However,it was determined that the coefficient of the exponential function was negative,which indicated that a strong negative relationship existed between the eco-environmental livability and densities of the population and economic activities.It was assumed that the impacts of anthropogenic factors were the fundamental causes of this negative correlation.This study introduced two new factors(air quality and natural hazards)into the evaluation framework of eco-environmental livability.As a result,a more comprehensive model was established for the evaluation of eco-environmenta livability in certain segments of the study area Additionally,the correlation between ecoenvironment livability and human activities was discussed in-depth,which can potentially provide theoretical and practical guidance for the implementation of eco-livability in China,and possibly even those of other vast developing countries.

The Quantitative Evaluation of Output Efficiency in Different Cropping Patterns

Quantitative indexes such as land equivalent ratio, yield equivalent and value of output equivalent were used to evaluate output efficiencies of different cropping patterns, i.e., sequential cropping, intercrops and crop rotation. Compared to single cropping, land use efficiencies under sequential cropping, intercrops and crop rotation were raised by 62, 38 and 21%, respectively. The unit area yield under sequential cropping, intercrops and crop rotation were raised by 63, 29 and 16%, respectively. The unit area value was also enhanced under sequential cropping and intercrops, 76 and 35% higher than that under single cropping. The paper provides a useful tool for comparing farm output efficiency and build up a theoretical basis for further research on output efficiency of various cropping patterns in the future.

Quantitative Evaluation of Sea-ice Disaster in Bohai Sea Based on GOCI and Sentinel-1

The Circum-Bohai-Sea Region is an important economic zone of China.The sea ice,which occurs at each winter,is the major marine hazard of the Bohai Sea.As a result,it is very important to evaluate the damage effects quantitatively in this region,which is seldom studied and analyzed systematically using long-time-series data.In this paper,the sea-ice disaster in the Bohai Sea is evaluated quantitatively based on the Sentinel-1 and GOCI.For different hazard-bearing bodies of the marine transportation and the offshore constructions,different sea-ice-hazard indexes are defined,which can be applied to analyze the sea-ice disaster quantitatively in the Bohai Sea,including the annual and inter-annual variations in the period from 2011 to 2017.The analysis results can provide the reference of the sea-ice monitoring in the Bohai Sea.

Quantitative Evaluation of Ecological Cumulative Effects and Zoning Regulations for Prefectural Mining Units in China

Although the development of energy and mineral resources strongly supports China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization,it has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems.Strengthening the spatial regulation considering the ecological and environmental protection on energy and mineral resource development areas is an important aspect of realizing China’s sustainable development.In this study,we mapped,categorized,and analyzed the ecological cumulative effects of the Chinese 134 prefectural mining units based on the pressure-state-response model,which is demonstrated as impact of mining activities on ecological environment,ecological environmental fragility,and ecological function.This investigation developed a stress zoning typology of the mining units based on scores of three dimensions of the ecological cumulative effects and classified 134 prefectural mining units into eight types of stress zones.A series of regulation and policy suggestions have been proposed to different types of zones from three aspects:space control,intensity control,and development mode control.The application of this evaluation and spatial zoning system will contribute to the refined spatial management of China’s mining areas.

A Method for Vulnerability Database Quantitative Evaluation

During system development,implementation and operation,vulnerability database technique is necessary to system security;there are many vulnerability databases but a lack of quality standardization and general evaluation method are needed.this paper summarized current international popular vulnerability databases,systematically introduced the present situation of current vulnerability databases,and found the problems of vulnerability database technology,extracted common metrics by analyzing vulnerability data of current popular vulnerability databases,introduced 4 measure indexes:the number scale of vulnerabilities,the independence level,the standardization degree and the integrity of vulnerability description,proposed a method for vulnerability database quantitative evaluation using SCAP protocol and corresponding standard,analyzed a large number of vulnerabilities in current popular vulnerability database,quantitative evaluated vulnerability database by the law of normal distribution,the experimental results show this method has strong versatility and science,and it is beneficial to improve the quality and standardization construction for vulnerability database development.

A Quantitative Evaluation of Vector Transcendental Functions on ARMv8-Based Processors

Transcendental functions are important functions in various high performance computing applications.Because these functions are time-consuming and the vector units on modern processors become wider and more scalable,there is an increasing demand for developing and using vector transcendental functions in such performance-hungry applications.However,the performance of vector transcendental functions as well as their accuracy remain largely unexplored.To address this issue,we perform a comprehensive evaluation of two Single Instruction Multiple Data(SIMD)intrinsics based vector math libraries on two ARMv8 compatible processors.We first design dedicated microbenchmarks that help us understand the performance behavior of vector transcendental functions.Then,we propose a piecewise,quantitative evaluation method with a set of meaningful metrics to quantify their performance and accuracy.By analyzing the experimental results,we find that vector transcendental functions achieve good performance speedups thanks to the vectorization and algorithm optimization.Moreover,vector math libraries can replace scalar math libraries in many cases because of improved performance and satisfactory accuracy.Despite this,the implementations of vector math libraries are still immature,which means further optimization is needed,and our evaluation reveals feasible optimization solutions for future vector math libraries.

Quantitative evaluation of air pollution in transport strategic environmental assessment:a case study based on uncertainty analysis and graphic information system technology

Although the impact of road transport on urban air quality has achieved a high profile in China,still greater attention is required as it has not yet been considered fully even in relation to the road network linking cities and urban areas. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a systematic and comprehensive process for evaluating the environmental impacts of a policy,plan or program in publicly accountable decision-making. Air pollution has been recognized as a significant issue in most transport SEA practices. The Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Hubei Road Network Plan (2002-2020) (HRNP) was introduced as one of the World Bank's pilot SEA projects. An effective framework was developed to investigate the functional relationship between the road network and its potential air pollutant emissions. In this study,two indicators were identified:emission intensity/ inventory of pollutants and the spatial distribution of the most polluted areas. Because strategic actions are inherently nebulous and data quality is often disappointing,three alternative scenarios were employed to address uncertainties and data/scale issues. Calculations were made using emission models and results were analyzed with the help of statistical tools and the geographic information system (GIS). The results from the project implementation and the feedback from the World Bank have both shown that the proposed framework is effective in the transport SEA process.

A quantitative model for danger degree evaluation of staged operation of earth dam reservoir in flood season and its application

Based on the natural disaster risk evaluation mode, a quantitative danger degree evaluation model was developed to evaluate the danger degree of earth dam reservoir staged operation in the flood season. A formula for the overtopping risk rate of the earth dam reservoir staged operation was established, with consideration of the joint effect of flood and wind waves in the flood sub-seasons with the Monte Carlo method, and the integrated overtopping risk rate for the whole flood season was obtained via the total probability approach. A composite normalized function was used to transform the dam overtopping risk rate into the danger degree, on a scale of 0-1. Danger degree gradating criteria were divided by four significant characteristic values of the dam overtopping rate, and corresponding guidelines for danger evaluation are explained in detail in this paper. Examples indicated that the dam overtopping danger degree of the Chengbihe Reservoir in China was 0.33-0.57, within the range of moderate danger level, and the flood-limiting water level （FLWL） can be adjusted to 185.00 m for the early and main flood seasons, and 185.00-187.50 m for the late flood season. The proposed quantitative model offers a theoretical basis for determination of the value of the danger degree of an earth dam reservoir under normal operation as well as the optimal scheduling scheme for the reservoir in each stage of the flood season.

Evaluation of the weakening behavior of gas on the coal strength and its quantitative influence on the coal deformation

The coal strength and deformation properties are key factors affecting safe coal mining and highefficiency coalbed methane(CBM)development.In this paper,reconstituted coal samples are chosen to investigate the weakening behavior of gas on coal strength,meanwhile,its effects on coal deformation are quantitatively evaluated.The results indicate that the weakening degree of gas on coal strength is closely related to the confining stress and gas pressure.Compared with non-gas-saturated coals,the maximum weakening ratios of adsorbed gas to coal strength are 10.58%,18.12%,8.55%and 14.65%under the conditions of confining stress CS=3 MPa and gas pressure GP=1 MPa,CS=3 MPa and GP=2 MPa,CS=4 MPa and GP=1 MPa,and CS=4 MPa and GP=2 MPa,respectively.Furthermore,the maximum weakening ratios of free gas to coal strength are 18.27%,36.54%,14.79%and 29.58%,respectively,under above four conditions.The maximum coal bulk strain decreases as particle sizes of coal powders increase,and it has a maximum value of 0.0227 and a minimum value of 0.0191 in particle size ranges of 0.01–0.041 and 0.5–1 mm.Under the same conditions,the coal bulk strain increases with increasing gas pressure,revealing that coal deformation properties can be enhanced by gas.

A double integral method for quantitative evaluation of influence on thin-walled casing response caused by bearing uncertainties

Bearings in a gas turbine engine are the key connecting components transmitting force and motion between rotors and thin-walled flexible casing.The bearing stiffness and damping of squeeze film damper(SFD)nearby bearings are easily affected by many factors,such as assembly process,load condition and temperature variation,resulting in uncertainties.The uncertainties may influence the response of the measuring point on the casing.Hence,it is difficult to carry out the fault diagnosis,whole machine balancing and other related works.In this paper,a double integral quantitative evaluation method is proposed to simultaneously analyze the influence of two uncertain dynamic coefficients on the response amplitude and phase of casing measuring points.Meanwhile,the coupling influence of stiffness and damping accompanied by dramatic changes with rotational speeds are essentially discussed.As an example,a typical engine bearing-casing system with complex dynamic characteristics is analyzed.The impact of uncertain dynamic coefficients on the unbalance response is quantitatively evaluated.

A new method to standardize CBCT for quantitative evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation in the mandible:a case report and review of the literature

Cone-beam computerized tomography(CBCT)is an effective technique for assessment of changes to the alveolar ridge(AR).However,its accuracy and reliability could be improved by standardization of imaging positions to remain unchanged during measurements.In this study,an alveolar ridge preservation procedure was performed on a left third molar(38)socket by filling it with a radiotransparent synthetic bone graft,mineralized collagen(MC).Photographic,X-ray and CBCT images were captured before and 3,6 and 12 months after surgery.A new method was developed to standardize CBCT for quantitative evaluation.Obtained CBCT images showed good comparability.The post-extraction alveolar width and height were both over 95%of the original values,but some resorption of the lingual bone wall(>50%)and inter-crestal bone(>30%).It is concluded that an effective positional standardization method was developed for CBCT assessment of AR dimensional changes in the posterior mandible.The use of MC in combination with a collagen membrane improved dimensional preservation of the AR.

Quantitative Evaluation Method of Shape Indicator for Cold-rolled Strip

Quantitative level evaluation of cold-rolled strip was significant for the shape control and the product structure optimization. Based on the probability statistics method and the shape pattern recognition method, the shape evaluation model of cold-rolled strip was established to evaluate real-time shape of the online strip. The model was embedded in the shape control system, and the online strip shape state was real-time observed whether to meet the technical indicators, so the shape level could be identified and evaluated. Based on the shape evaluation indicators, the shape component could be well controlled to improve the shape hit rate and the control stability, so that the rolled strip shape could meet the technical requirements. At a 1050 cold strip mill, the shape data of the scene typical specifications strip were online collected and real-time evaluated, and the hit of macro shape in less than 8 I was 68.44%, indicating that the mill shape control had considerable room for improvement, as well as the evaluation method was feasible and practical for quantitative evaluation of the strip shape. So the new evaluation model has important guiding significance to increase value-added and reduce product quality objection.

Non-invasive evaluation of liver steatosis with imaging modalities:New techniques and applications

In the world,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)accounts for majority of diffuse hepatic diseases.Notably,substantial liver fat accumulation can trigger and accelerate hepatic fibrosis,thus contributing to disease progression.Moreover,the presence of NAFLD not only puts adverse influences for liver but is also associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Therefore,early detection and quantified measurement of hepatic fat content are of great importance.Liver biopsy is currently the most accurate method for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis.However,liver biopsy has several limitations,namely,its invasiveness,sampling error,high cost and moderate intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility.Recently,various quantitative imaging techniques have been developed for the diagnosis and quantified measurement of hepatic fat content,including ultrasound-or magnetic resonancebased methods.These quantitative imaging techniques can provide objective continuous metrics associated with liver fat content and be recorded for comparison when patients receive check-ups to evaluate changes in liver fat content,which is useful for longitudinal follow-up.In this review,we introduce several imaging techniques and describe their diagnostic performance for the diagnosis and quantified measurement of hepatic fat content.

Construction method of quantitative evaluation model for the maturity of Korla fragrant pear

The maturity variation laws of Korla fragrant pears were explored for a quantitative evaluation of harvest maturity to solve the reasonable matching between harvest maturity of Korla fragrant pears and market quality demands.Korla fragrant pears from different harvesting periods were chosen as the research objects.Some quality indexes were chosen as the evaluation indexes per industry standards,including hardness,soluble solid content(SSC),single-fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit equatorial diameter,pericarp color parameters(L*,a*,and b*),and titratable acid.Variation data of these quality indexes with accumulated temperature were collected.Scores of several quality indexes were gained through principal component analysis.A mathematical model of scores and accumulated temperatures was constructed.On this basis,a quantitative maturity model of Korla fragrant pears was constructed.Results demonstrate that SSC,single-fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit equatorial diameter,L*,a*,and b*are significantly and positively correlated with the accumulated temperature.Meanwhile,hardness and titratable acid showed significant negative correlations with the accumulated temperature.Relations between scores of principal components and accumulated temperature conform to the Sigmoidal model.The constructed quantitative maturity model of Korla fragrant pears can quantify the maturity of pears.Research conclusions can provide insight into the harvest periods,evaluate Korla fragrant pears’maturity,and lay a theoretical foundation for quantitative research on fruit maturity.

Efficient normalization for quantitative evaluation of the driving behavior using a gated auto-encoder

Driving behavior normalization is important for a fair evaluation of the driving style.The longitudinal control of a vehicle is investigated in this study.The normalization task can be considered as mapping of the driving behavior in a different environment to the uniform condition.Unlike the model-based approach as in previous work,where a necessary driver model is employed to conduct the driving cycle test,the approach we propose directly normalizes the driving behavior using an autoencoder(AE)when following a standard speed profile.To ensure a positive correlation between the vehicle speed and driving behavior,a gate constraint is imposed in between the encoder and decoder to form a gated AE(gAE).This approach is model-free and efficient.The proposed approach is tested for consistency with the model-based approach and for its applications to quantitative evaluation of the driving behavior and fuel consumption analysis.Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Quantitative evaluation modeling of mobile Ad Hoc networkcommunication service availability under failure|

The availability of network communication services is an important evaluation standard to measure the ability of the network to meet the user’s business needs.The current related research mostly focuses on the evaluation of network reliability,which cannot reflect the logical relationship between failure/maintenance and network performance parameters.Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a multi-hop,centerless and energy-constrained distributed system.Due to the dynamic change of communication environment and the instability of wireless link,Ad Hoc Network is facing great challenges in service availability.In this thesis,a fault-based quantitative evaluation model of traffic availability in Ad Hoc networks is proposed.By studying the multi-state Markov fault model of communication networks and the performance analysis of delay index based on CSMA\CA protocol,the quantitative evaluation of traffic availability in Ad Hoc networks is realized.And the availability of tactical unit network under different typical network configuration conditions is analyzed through experiments.