Eleven barnyardgrass populations were assayed. The highest resistant population was Geqiushan R with RI 125.45 resulted from the seed assay and 87.29 resulted from the whole plant bioassay followed by 853 R with RI 2....Eleven barnyardgrass populations were assayed. The highest resistant population was Geqiushan R with RI 125.45 resulted from the seed assay and 87.29 resulted from the whole plant bioassay followed by 853 R with RI 2.79 resulted from the seed assay and 6.04 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The resistance level of other nine populations was low with RI 1.13-2.61 resulted from the seed assay and 1.48-3.63 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The activity of an important metabolic enzyme glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） and three protective enzymes （SOD, POD, and CAT） were determined in vivo for Geqiushan R, 853 R, and Wudalianchi R. Compared with the S controls, the activities of POD in Geqiushan R, GSTs in 853 R, and Wudalianchi R were increased.展开更多
Herbicides adversely affect both the target plant and its environment. In this study, Helianthus annuus L. cv. “Oliva CL” was treated post-emergence with 0.3 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl. The peroxidase activity (PO...Herbicides adversely affect both the target plant and its environment. In this study, Helianthus annuus L. cv. “Oliva CL” was treated post-emergence with 0.3 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl. The peroxidase activity (POD), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), lipid peroxidation, pigment sys tem and total phenolic content were then determined on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th days following treatment. The POD activity increased on all application days, and the APX activity increased on the 5th day and decreased on the 10th and 15th days. In addition, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th days, except for the in H. annuus plants treated with 1.6 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl. The total chlorophyll, carotenoid and total phenolic content were important and changed in a time dependent manner. In the present study, we also investigated the possible role of salicylic acid (SA) in protecting H. annuus seedlings from herbicide toxicity. The plants were first treated with 0.5 mM SA pre-emergence and then treated with 0.3 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl herbicide post-emergence. In general, increases in the POD activity and MDA content were observed in the treatment groups on all application days. In the treated groups, the APX activity increased until the 15th day. In the SA pre-treated plants, the total phenollic, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were also important in a time dependent manner.展开更多
【目的】研究添加助剂对精喹禾灵EC防除棉田禾本科杂草的增效作用,为除草剂减量施用和科学除草提供数据基础。【方法】通过温室盆栽和田间小区试验,在除草剂常规用量、减量20%和减量40%基础上添加助剂,比较精喹禾灵EC对马唐、牛筋草等...【目的】研究添加助剂对精喹禾灵EC防除棉田禾本科杂草的增效作用,为除草剂减量施用和科学除草提供数据基础。【方法】通过温室盆栽和田间小区试验,在除草剂常规用量、减量20%和减量40%基础上添加助剂,比较精喹禾灵EC对马唐、牛筋草等禾本科杂草的防除效果。【结果】盆栽试验中,在推荐的常量用药水平下添加助剂Foxy SG和Fieldor Max EC,精喹禾灵EC对马唐和牛筋草2种禾本科杂草防效提高1.75%~5.78%,精喹禾灵EC减量20%和40%,2种助剂对防效的增效幅度分别为7.95%~10.54%和21.62%~41.63%,Fieldor Max EC的增效作用显著优于Foxy SG,精喹禾灵EC减量40%后添加Fieldor Max EC对禾本科杂草的防效与常量用药防效无显著差异;田间试验中,2种助剂对精喹禾灵EC的减量增效作用与盆栽试验结果相符,常量用药水平下添加Foxy SG和Fieldor Max EC,精喹禾灵EC对禾本科杂草株防效和鲜重防效提高0.83%~4.19%,精喹禾灵EC减量20%和40%,2种助剂对防效的增效幅度分别为1.08%~8.68%和12.06%~37.74%,Fieldor Max EC的增效作用显著优于Foxy SG,精喹禾灵EC减量40%后添加Fieldor Max EC对禾本科杂草的株防效与常量用药株防效无显著差异。【结论】Foxy SG和Fieldor Max EC 2种助剂,对棉田常用的选择性除草剂精喹禾灵EC除草活性有明显提高,减少除草剂使用量后加入助剂可解决防效降低问题,除草剂使用过程中加入高效助剂是实现除草剂减量增效的有效途径。展开更多
基金supported by the Ph D Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20093702110003)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2006BAD08A09)
文摘Eleven barnyardgrass populations were assayed. The highest resistant population was Geqiushan R with RI 125.45 resulted from the seed assay and 87.29 resulted from the whole plant bioassay followed by 853 R with RI 2.79 resulted from the seed assay and 6.04 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The resistance level of other nine populations was low with RI 1.13-2.61 resulted from the seed assay and 1.48-3.63 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The activity of an important metabolic enzyme glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） and three protective enzymes （SOD, POD, and CAT） were determined in vivo for Geqiushan R, 853 R, and Wudalianchi R. Compared with the S controls, the activities of POD in Geqiushan R, GSTs in 853 R, and Wudalianchi R were increased.
文摘Herbicides adversely affect both the target plant and its environment. In this study, Helianthus annuus L. cv. “Oliva CL” was treated post-emergence with 0.3 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl. The peroxidase activity (POD), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), lipid peroxidation, pigment sys tem and total phenolic content were then determined on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th days following treatment. The POD activity increased on all application days, and the APX activity increased on the 5th day and decreased on the 10th and 15th days. In addition, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th days, except for the in H. annuus plants treated with 1.6 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl. The total chlorophyll, carotenoid and total phenolic content were important and changed in a time dependent manner. In the present study, we also investigated the possible role of salicylic acid (SA) in protecting H. annuus seedlings from herbicide toxicity. The plants were first treated with 0.5 mM SA pre-emergence and then treated with 0.3 to 3.1 mM quizalofop-p-ethyl herbicide post-emergence. In general, increases in the POD activity and MDA content were observed in the treatment groups on all application days. In the treated groups, the APX activity increased until the 15th day. In the SA pre-treated plants, the total phenollic, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were also important in a time dependent manner.
文摘【目的】研究添加助剂对精喹禾灵EC防除棉田禾本科杂草的增效作用,为除草剂减量施用和科学除草提供数据基础。【方法】通过温室盆栽和田间小区试验,在除草剂常规用量、减量20%和减量40%基础上添加助剂,比较精喹禾灵EC对马唐、牛筋草等禾本科杂草的防除效果。【结果】盆栽试验中,在推荐的常量用药水平下添加助剂Foxy SG和Fieldor Max EC,精喹禾灵EC对马唐和牛筋草2种禾本科杂草防效提高1.75%~5.78%,精喹禾灵EC减量20%和40%,2种助剂对防效的增效幅度分别为7.95%~10.54%和21.62%~41.63%,Fieldor Max EC的增效作用显著优于Foxy SG,精喹禾灵EC减量40%后添加Fieldor Max EC对禾本科杂草的防效与常量用药防效无显著差异;田间试验中,2种助剂对精喹禾灵EC的减量增效作用与盆栽试验结果相符,常量用药水平下添加Foxy SG和Fieldor Max EC,精喹禾灵EC对禾本科杂草株防效和鲜重防效提高0.83%~4.19%,精喹禾灵EC减量20%和40%,2种助剂对防效的增效幅度分别为1.08%~8.68%和12.06%~37.74%,Fieldor Max EC的增效作用显著优于Foxy SG,精喹禾灵EC减量40%后添加Fieldor Max EC对禾本科杂草的株防效与常量用药株防效无显著差异。【结论】Foxy SG和Fieldor Max EC 2种助剂,对棉田常用的选择性除草剂精喹禾灵EC除草活性有明显提高,减少除草剂使用量后加入助剂可解决防效降低问题,除草剂使用过程中加入高效助剂是实现除草剂减量增效的有效途径。
