The funds of capital construction manage difficulty that is easy to arise, and loss waste highly. This paper has analysed the existent problem in the funds management of capital construction, and puts forward related ...The funds of capital construction manage difficulty that is easy to arise, and loss waste highly. This paper has analysed the existent problem in the funds management of capital construction, and puts forward related countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
Crowdfunding is emerging as an alternative form of funding for medical purposes,with capital being raised directly from a broader and more diverse audience of investors.In this paper,we have systematically researched ...Crowdfunding is emerging as an alternative form of funding for medical purposes,with capital being raised directly from a broader and more diverse audience of investors.In this paper,we have systematically researched and reviewed the literature on medical crowdfunding to determine how crowdfunding connects with the health care industry.The health care industry has been struggling to develop sustainable research and business models for economic systems and investors alike,especially in pharmaceuticals.The research results have revealed a wealth of evidence concerning the way crowdfunding is applied in real life.Patients and caregivers utilize web platform–based campaigns all over the world to fund their medical expenses,generally on a spot basis,using donation-based or even reward-based schemes,regardless of the health care system archetype(public,private insurance-based or hybrid).Academics have also focused on funding campaigns and the predictors of success(which range from social behaviour and environment to the basic demographics of the campaigners and their diseases)and on social and regulatory concerns,including heightened social inequality and stigma.While equity crowdfunding is disrupting the way many ventures/businesses seek capital in the market,our research indicates that there are no relevant or consistent data on the practice of medical equity crowdfunding in health care,apart from a few anecdotal cases.展开更多
Financial difficulty directly affects college students, teachers and academics, and will ultimately affect teaching quality. The countermeasures for financial difficulty are ＂increase income＂ and ＂reduce expense＂,...Financial difficulty directly affects college students, teachers and academics, and will ultimately affect teaching quality. The countermeasures for financial difficulty are ＂increase income＂ and ＂reduce expense＂, which mean to get more investment from government, increase income by scientific innovation, accept donations, enroll more foreign students, ask for international education financial assistance and the proper use of money.展开更多
Checked by Henan Province Development and Relbrm Commission and Henan Province MunicipalFinance （）ffice, the “R ＆ I） and Industrialization of High Performance Functional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology...Checked by Henan Province Development and Relbrm Commission and Henan Province MunicipalFinance （）ffice, the “R ＆ I） and Industrialization of High Performance Functional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology” project declared by 1,1RR gained a special fund support on self-renovation and products structure adjustment. The project will realize the technology integration and industriali-zation of key refractories including purging component, metering nozzle and toil and belt continuous casting nozzle, etc. through building high performance functional refractories production lines for metallurgy new technology.展开更多
How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on t...How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.展开更多
Objective To study the correlation between executive compensation gap and R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in China by taking 53 pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Shanghai and She...Objective To study the correlation between executive compensation gap and R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in China by taking 53 pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2015 to 2017 as research samples. Methods Multiple linear regression methods was used to study the relationship and influence between executive compensation gap and R&D investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry based on championship theory and principal-agent theory. Results and Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between executive compensation gap in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and enterprise R&D investment. Listed pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises should design reasonable salary gap between senior executives and carry out reasonable research and development activities to promote the sustainable development of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. This study provides theoretical basis for optimizing executive compensation gap and increasing R&D investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.展开更多
Objective To study the possible relationship between the output of new products in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment in research and development(R&D),and to provide a theoretical basis for the de...Objective To study the possible relationship between the output of new products in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment in research and development(R&D),and to provide a theoretical basis for the decision-making of relevant enterprises and institutions.Methods The econometric software Stata 14 was used to perform unit root test on the relevant data.Then,a co-integration regression equation was established after stabilization,which was analyzed through co-integration test(E-G two-step method).Results and Conclusion There is a long-term equilibrium and short-term error correction relationship between the output of new products and the investment of R&D funds in China’s pharmaceutical industry.During the lagging periods from 1 to 6,R&D investment is the Granger reason for the output of new products.The investment of R&D funds has a positive effect on the output of new products and the effect is significant.Therefore,more investment should be made in R&D to enhance the output of new products.展开更多
文摘The funds of capital construction manage difficulty that is easy to arise, and loss waste highly. This paper has analysed the existent problem in the funds management of capital construction, and puts forward related countermeasures and suggestions.
文摘Crowdfunding is emerging as an alternative form of funding for medical purposes,with capital being raised directly from a broader and more diverse audience of investors.In this paper,we have systematically researched and reviewed the literature on medical crowdfunding to determine how crowdfunding connects with the health care industry.The health care industry has been struggling to develop sustainable research and business models for economic systems and investors alike,especially in pharmaceuticals.The research results have revealed a wealth of evidence concerning the way crowdfunding is applied in real life.Patients and caregivers utilize web platform–based campaigns all over the world to fund their medical expenses,generally on a spot basis,using donation-based or even reward-based schemes,regardless of the health care system archetype(public,private insurance-based or hybrid).Academics have also focused on funding campaigns and the predictors of success(which range from social behaviour and environment to the basic demographics of the campaigners and their diseases)and on social and regulatory concerns,including heightened social inequality and stigma.While equity crowdfunding is disrupting the way many ventures/businesses seek capital in the market,our research indicates that there are no relevant or consistent data on the practice of medical equity crowdfunding in health care,apart from a few anecdotal cases.
文摘Financial difficulty directly affects college students, teachers and academics, and will ultimately affect teaching quality. The countermeasures for financial difficulty are ＂increase income＂ and ＂reduce expense＂, which mean to get more investment from government, increase income by scientific innovation, accept donations, enroll more foreign students, ask for international education financial assistance and the proper use of money.
文摘Checked by Henan Province Development and Relbrm Commission and Henan Province MunicipalFinance （）ffice, the “R ＆ I） and Industrialization of High Performance Functional Refractories for Metallurgy New Technology” project declared by 1,1RR gained a special fund support on self-renovation and products structure adjustment. The project will realize the technology integration and industriali-zation of key refractories including purging component, metering nozzle and toil and belt continuous casting nozzle, etc. through building high performance functional refractories production lines for metallurgy new technology.
文摘How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.
文摘Objective To study the correlation between executive compensation gap and R&D investment of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in China by taking 53 pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2015 to 2017 as research samples. Methods Multiple linear regression methods was used to study the relationship and influence between executive compensation gap and R&D investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry based on championship theory and principal-agent theory. Results and Conclusion There is a significant positive correlation between executive compensation gap in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and enterprise R&D investment. Listed pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises should design reasonable salary gap between senior executives and carry out reasonable research and development activities to promote the sustainable development of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. This study provides theoretical basis for optimizing executive compensation gap and increasing R&D investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.
基金Research on Innovation and Development Strategy of Pharmaceutical Industry in Liaoning Province(2020lslktyb-095).
文摘Objective To study the possible relationship between the output of new products in China’s pharmaceutical industry and the investment in research and development(R&D),and to provide a theoretical basis for the decision-making of relevant enterprises and institutions.Methods The econometric software Stata 14 was used to perform unit root test on the relevant data.Then,a co-integration regression equation was established after stabilization,which was analyzed through co-integration test(E-G two-step method).Results and Conclusion There is a long-term equilibrium and short-term error correction relationship between the output of new products and the investment of R&D funds in China’s pharmaceutical industry.During the lagging periods from 1 to 6,R&D investment is the Granger reason for the output of new products.The investment of R&D funds has a positive effect on the output of new products and the effect is significant.Therefore,more investment should be made in R&D to enhance the output of new products.
