As a part of the redundancy of organization, financial slack has become the focus of academic research. This paper takes the listed companies of manufacturing industry above Designated Size as sample, using multiple r...As a part of the redundancy of organization, financial slack has become the focus of academic research. This paper takes the listed companies of manufacturing industry above Designated Size as sample, using multiple regression to examine the relationship between corporate financial slack and R ＆ D investment under dynamic environment, using the Malmquist index method based on DEA model to analyze the innovation efficiency of Chinese manufacturing industry during the period of2009-2013. The results show that： Financial slack and R ＆ D investment intensity presents inverted ＂U＂ type relationship in？sample？companies, and the relationship is positively regulated by environmental dynamism; Financial slack promotes R ＆ D investment but have lag effect.展开更多
As a part of the redundancy of organization, financial slack has become the focus of academic research. This paper takes the listed companies of manufacturing industry above Designated Size as sample, using multiple r...As a part of the redundancy of organization, financial slack has become the focus of academic research. This paper takes the listed companies of manufacturing industry above Designated Size as sample, using multiple regressionto examine the relationship between corporate financial slack and R ＆ D investment under dynamic environment, using the Malmquist index method based on DEA model to analyze the innovation efficiency of Chinese manufacturing industry during the period of 2009-2013. The results show that： Financial slack and R ＆ D investment intensity presents inverted ＂U＂ type relationship in？sample？companies, and the relationship is positively regulated by environmental dynamism; Financial slackpromotes R ＆ D investment but have lag effect.展开更多
Base on panel data of manufacturing and high-tech industry companies which discoursed R ＆ D expenditure in financial statements from 2004 to 2011, this paper studies the relationship between debt financing and corpor...Base on panel data of manufacturing and high-tech industry companies which discoursed R ＆ D expenditure in financial statements from 2004 to 2011, this paper studies the relationship between debt financing and corporate R ＆ D expenditure under different grow opportunities by using the robust fixed effects that Daniel Hoechle proposed m 2007. The results show that there is not a ＂increasing first, decreasing later＂ non-linear relationship but a ＂double negative＂ relationship between debt level and corporate R ＆ D expenditure. And the ＂double negative＂ relationship has a different mechanism in different growth companies.展开更多
The Philippine government recognizes the crucial role that research, development and extension play in achieving food security. PhiRice is mandated to be the lead implementing and coordinating agency for all rice R &a...The Philippine government recognizes the crucial role that research, development and extension play in achieving food security. PhiRice is mandated to be the lead implementing and coordinating agency for all rice R & D activities in the Philippines. The institute' s activities focus on four core goals of increasing productivity,enhancing profitability, promoting sustainability of rice framing, and capacity enhancement of farmers.PhiRice implements major R&D programs on hybrid rice, transplanted irrigated lowland rice, direct- seeded rice, rice based farming systems for fragile environments, rice and rice based products, policy research and advocacy, and technology promotion. Major R&D thrusts are the development and promotion of appropriate technologies, intensification of the application of cutting - edge technologies such as biotechnology, strengthening of the manpower and facilities of the national rice R&D network, and building of a national rice information system. Recently, PhiRice has also,been tasked to lead the implementation of a national hybrid rice programthat targets 135,000 hectares to be planted to hybrid rice in 2002, 200,000 in 2003, and 300,000 in 2004.展开更多
Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation c...Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.展开更多
文摘As a part of the redundancy of organization, financial slack has become the focus of academic research. This paper takes the listed companies of manufacturing industry above Designated Size as sample, using multiple regression to examine the relationship between corporate financial slack and R ＆ D investment under dynamic environment, using the Malmquist index method based on DEA model to analyze the innovation efficiency of Chinese manufacturing industry during the period of2009-2013. The results show that： Financial slack and R ＆ D investment intensity presents inverted ＂U＂ type relationship in？sample？companies, and the relationship is positively regulated by environmental dynamism; Financial slack promotes R ＆ D investment but have lag effect.
文摘As a part of the redundancy of organization, financial slack has become the focus of academic research. This paper takes the listed companies of manufacturing industry above Designated Size as sample, using multiple regressionto examine the relationship between corporate financial slack and R ＆ D investment under dynamic environment, using the Malmquist index method based on DEA model to analyze the innovation efficiency of Chinese manufacturing industry during the period of 2009-2013. The results show that： Financial slack and R ＆ D investment intensity presents inverted ＂U＂ type relationship in？sample？companies, and the relationship is positively regulated by environmental dynamism; Financial slackpromotes R ＆ D investment but have lag effect.
文摘Base on panel data of manufacturing and high-tech industry companies which discoursed R ＆ D expenditure in financial statements from 2004 to 2011, this paper studies the relationship between debt financing and corporate R ＆ D expenditure under different grow opportunities by using the robust fixed effects that Daniel Hoechle proposed m 2007. The results show that there is not a ＂increasing first, decreasing later＂ non-linear relationship but a ＂double negative＂ relationship between debt level and corporate R ＆ D expenditure. And the ＂double negative＂ relationship has a different mechanism in different growth companies.
文摘The Philippine government recognizes the crucial role that research, development and extension play in achieving food security. PhiRice is mandated to be the lead implementing and coordinating agency for all rice R & D activities in the Philippines. The institute' s activities focus on four core goals of increasing productivity,enhancing profitability, promoting sustainability of rice framing, and capacity enhancement of farmers.PhiRice implements major R&D programs on hybrid rice, transplanted irrigated lowland rice, direct- seeded rice, rice based farming systems for fragile environments, rice and rice based products, policy research and advocacy, and technology promotion. Major R&D thrusts are the development and promotion of appropriate technologies, intensification of the application of cutting - edge technologies such as biotechnology, strengthening of the manpower and facilities of the national rice R&D network, and building of a national rice information system. Recently, PhiRice has also,been tasked to lead the implementation of a national hybrid rice programthat targets 135,000 hectares to be planted to hybrid rice in 2002, 200,000 in 2003, and 300,000 in 2004.
文摘Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.
