This paper introduces a novice solution methodology for multi-objective optimization problems having the coefficients in the form of uncertain variables. The embedding theorem, which establishes that the set of uncert...This paper introduces a novice solution methodology for multi-objective optimization problems having the coefficients in the form of uncertain variables. The embedding theorem, which establishes that the set of uncertain variables can be embedded into the Banach space C[0, 1] × C[0, 1] isometrically and isomorphically, is developed. Based on this embedding theorem, each objective with uncertain coefficients can be transformed into two objectives with crisp coefficients. The solution of the original m-objectives optimization problem with uncertain coefficients will be obtained by solving the corresponding 2 m-objectives crisp optimization problem. The R & D project portfolio decision deals with future events and opportunities, much of the information required to make portfolio decisions is uncertain. Here parameters like outcome, risk, and cost are considered as uncertain variables and an uncertain bi-objective optimization problem with some useful constraints is developed. The corresponding crisp tetra-objective optimization model is then developed by embedding theorem. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a real case study with the consideration that the uncertain variables are triangular in nature.展开更多
The authors looked upon it as real options and applied the VaR(Value at Risk) method to the evaluation of its risk value based on the analysis of R & D project investment characteristics,and advanced the evaluatio...The authors looked upon it as real options and applied the VaR(Value at Risk) method to the evaluation of its risk value based on the analysis of R & D project investment characteristics,and advanced the evaluation model of the project’s return and risk according to financial theories.This paper expounded the two dimension evaluation model of project,and divided it into five decision making regions.展开更多
AIM: To quantitatively analyze the retinal intermediate and deep capillary plexus(ICP and DCP) in patients with retinal deep vascular complex ischemia(RDVCI), using 3D projection artifacts removal(3D PAR) optical cohe...AIM: To quantitatively analyze the retinal intermediate and deep capillary plexus(ICP and DCP) in patients with retinal deep vascular complex ischemia(RDVCI), using 3D projection artifacts removal(3D PAR) optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: RDVCI patients and gender-and agematched healthy controls were assessed and underwent OCTA examinations. The parafoveal vessel density(PFVD) of retinal deep vascular complex(DVC), ICP, and DCP were analyzed, and the percentage of reduction(PR) of PFVD was calculated.RESULTS: Twenty-four eyes in 22 RDVCI patients(20 in acute phase and 4 in chronic phase) and 24 eyes of 22 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. Significant reduction of PFVD in DVC, ICP, and DCP was observed in comparison with the controls(DVC: acute: 43.59%±6.58% vs 49.92%±5.49%, PR=12.69%;chronic: 43.50%±3.33% vs 51.20%±3.80%, PR=15.04%. ICP: acute: 40.28%±7.91% vs 46.97%±7.14%, PR=14.23%;chronic: 41.48%±2.87% vs 46.43%±3.29%, PR=10.66%. DCP: acute: 45.44%±8.27% vs 51.51%±9.97%, PR=11.79%;chronic: 37.78%±3.48% vs 51.73%±5.17%, PR=26.97%;all P<0.05). No significant PR difference was found among DVC, ICP, and DCP of RDVCI in acute phase(P=0.812), but significant difference in chronic phase(P=0.006, DVC vs DCP, ICP vs DCP). No significant difference in PR between acute and chronic phases in the DVC(P=0.735) or ICP(P=0.681) was found, but significant difference in the DCP(P=0.041).CONCLUSION: The PFVD of DVC, ICP, and DCP in RDVCI is significantly decreased in both acute and chronic phases. ICP impairment is stabilized from acute to chronic phase in RDVCI, whereas subsequent DCP impairment is uncovered and can be explained by ischemia-reperfusion damage.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces a novice solution methodology for multi-objective optimization problems having the coefficients in the form of uncertain variables. The embedding theorem, which establishes that the set of uncertain variables can be embedded into the Banach space C[0, 1] × C[0, 1] isometrically and isomorphically, is developed. Based on this embedding theorem, each objective with uncertain coefficients can be transformed into two objectives with crisp coefficients. The solution of the original m-objectives optimization problem with uncertain coefficients will be obtained by solving the corresponding 2 m-objectives crisp optimization problem. The R & D project portfolio decision deals with future events and opportunities, much of the information required to make portfolio decisions is uncertain. Here parameters like outcome, risk, and cost are considered as uncertain variables and an uncertain bi-objective optimization problem with some useful constraints is developed. The corresponding crisp tetra-objective optimization model is then developed by embedding theorem. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a real case study with the consideration that the uncertain variables are triangular in nature.
文摘The authors looked upon it as real options and applied the VaR(Value at Risk) method to the evaluation of its risk value based on the analysis of R & D project investment characteristics,and advanced the evaluation model of the project’s return and risk according to financial theories.This paper expounded the two dimension evaluation model of project,and divided it into five decision making regions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81900911)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFC0904800,No.2019YFC0840607)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No.2017ZX09304010)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (No.YG2019QN66)。
文摘AIM: To quantitatively analyze the retinal intermediate and deep capillary plexus(ICP and DCP) in patients with retinal deep vascular complex ischemia(RDVCI), using 3D projection artifacts removal(3D PAR) optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: RDVCI patients and gender-and agematched healthy controls were assessed and underwent OCTA examinations. The parafoveal vessel density(PFVD) of retinal deep vascular complex(DVC), ICP, and DCP were analyzed, and the percentage of reduction(PR) of PFVD was calculated.RESULTS: Twenty-four eyes in 22 RDVCI patients(20 in acute phase and 4 in chronic phase) and 24 eyes of 22 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. Significant reduction of PFVD in DVC, ICP, and DCP was observed in comparison with the controls(DVC: acute: 43.59%±6.58% vs 49.92%±5.49%, PR=12.69%;chronic: 43.50%±3.33% vs 51.20%±3.80%, PR=15.04%. ICP: acute: 40.28%±7.91% vs 46.97%±7.14%, PR=14.23%;chronic: 41.48%±2.87% vs 46.43%±3.29%, PR=10.66%. DCP: acute: 45.44%±8.27% vs 51.51%±9.97%, PR=11.79%;chronic: 37.78%±3.48% vs 51.73%±5.17%, PR=26.97%;all P<0.05). No significant PR difference was found among DVC, ICP, and DCP of RDVCI in acute phase(P=0.812), but significant difference in chronic phase(P=0.006, DVC vs DCP, ICP vs DCP). No significant difference in PR between acute and chronic phases in the DVC(P=0.735) or ICP(P=0.681) was found, but significant difference in the DCP(P=0.041).CONCLUSION: The PFVD of DVC, ICP, and DCP in RDVCI is significantly decreased in both acute and chronic phases. ICP impairment is stabilized from acute to chronic phase in RDVCI, whereas subsequent DCP impairment is uncovered and can be explained by ischemia-reperfusion damage.
