Fine-tuning electronic structure of N-doped graphitic carbon-supported Co-and Fe-incorporated Mo_(2)C to achieve ultrahigh electrochemical water oxidation activity

Mo_(2)C is an excellent electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,Mo_(2)C is a poor electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,two different elements,namely Co and Fe,are incorporated in Mo_(2)C that,therefore,has a finely tuned electronic structure,which is not achievable by incorporation of any one of the metals.Consequently,the resulting electrocatalyst Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)-Mo_(2)C-80 displayed excellent OER catalytic performance,which is evidenced by a low overpotential of 214.0(and 246.5)mV to attain a current density of 10(and 50)mA cm^(-2),an ultralow Tafel slope of 38.4 mV dec^(-1),and longterm stability in alkaline medium.Theoretical data demonstrates that Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)-Mo_(2)C-80 requires the lowest overpotential(1.00 V)for OER and Co centers to be the active sites.The ultrahigh catalytic performance of the electrocatalyst is attributed to the excellent intrinsic catalytic activity due to high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area,large electrochemically active surface area,small Tafel slope,and low chargetransfer resistance.

Designing Symmetric Gradient Honeycomb Structures with Carbon‑Coated Iron‑Based Composites for High‑Efficiency Microwave Absorption

The impedance matching of absorbers is a vital factor affecting their microwave absorption(MA)properties.In this work,we controllably synthesized Material of Institute Lavoisier 88C(MIL-88C)with varying aspect ratios(AR)as a precursor by regulating oil bath conditions,followed by one-step thermal decomposition to obtain carbon-coated iron-based composites.Modifying the precursor MIL-88C(Fe)preparation conditions,such as the molar ratio between metal ions and organic ligands(M/O),oil bath temperature,and oil bath time,influenced the phases,graphitization degree,and AR of the derivatives,enabling low filler loading,achieving well-matched impedance,and ensuring outstanding MA properties.The MOF-derivatives 2(MD_(2))/polyvinylidene Difluoride(PVDF),MD_(3)/PVDF,and MD4/PVDF absorbers all exhibited excellent MA properties with optimal filler loadings below 20 wt%and as low as 5 wt%.The MD_(2)/PVDF(5 wt%)achieved a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.52 GHz(1.90 mm).The MD_(3)/PVDF(10 wt%)possessed a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value of−67.4 at 12.56 GHz(2.13 mm).A symmetric gradient honeycomb structure(SGHS)was constructed utilizing the high-frequency structure simulator(HFSS)to further extend the EAB,achieving an EAB of 14.6 GHz and a RL_(min) of−59.0 dB.This research offers a viable inspiration to creating structures or materials with high-efficiency MA properties.

Engineering the coordination structure of Cu for enhanced photocatalytic production of C_(1) chemicals from glucose

Photocatalytic decomposition of sugars is a promising way of providing H_(2),CO,and HCOOH as sus-tainable energy vectors.However,the production of C_(1) chemicals requires the cleavage of robust C−C bonds in sugars with concurrent production of H_(2),which remains challenging.Here,the photo-catalytic activity for glucose decomposition to HCOOH,CO(C_(1) chemicals),and H_(2) on Cu/TiO_(2)was enhanced by nitrogen doping.Owing to nitrogen doping,atomically dispersed and stable Cu sites resistant to light irradiation are formed on Cu/TiO_(2).The electronic interaction between Cu and nitrogen ions originates valence band structure and defect levels composed of N 2p orbit,distinct from undoped Cu/TiO_(2).Therefore,the lifetime of charge carriers is prolonged,resulting in the pro-duction of C_(1) chemicals and H_(2) with productivities 1.7 and 2.1 folds that of Cu/TiO_(2).This work pro-vides a strategy to design coordinatively stable Cu ions for photocatalytic biomass conversion.

Microstructure of 18R-type long period ordered structure phase in Mg_(97)Y_2Zn_1 alloy

The microstructure of the 18R-type long period stacking ordered （LPSO） phase in Mg 97 Y 2 Zn 1 alloy was investigated by the first principles calculation. The arrangement rule of Zn and Y atoms in the LPSO structure is determined theoretically. The calculation results reveal that the additive atoms are firstly located in the fault layers at the two ends of the 18R-type LPSO structure, and then extend to fault layers in the interior, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations. This feature also implies the microstructural relationship between 18R and other LPSO structures. The cohesive energy and the formation heat indicate the dependence of the stability of 18R LPSO structure on contents of Y and Zn atoms. The calculated electronic structures reveal the underlying mechanism of microstructure and the stability of 18R LPSO structure.

Computational analysis of genetic loci required for amphid structure and functions and their possibly corresponding microRNAs in C. elegans

Objective To examine the important roles of microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating amphid structure and function, we performed a computational analysis for the genetic loci required for the sensory perception and their possibly corresponding miRNAs in C. elegans. Methods Total 55 genetic loci required for the amphid structure and function were selected. Sequence alignment was combined with E value evaluation to investigate and identify the possible corresponding miRNAs. Results Total 30 genes among the 55 genetic loci selected have their possible corresponding regulatory miRNA（s）, and identified genes participate in the regulation of almost all aspects of amphid structure and function. In addition, our data suggest that both the amphid structure and the amphid functions might be regulated by a series of network signaling pathways. Moreover, the distribution of miRNAs along the 3＇ untranslated region （UTR） of these 30 genes exhibits different patterns. Conclusion We present the possible miRNA-mediated signaling pathways involved in the regulation of chemosensation and thermosensation by controlling the corresponding sensory neuron and interneuron functions. Our work will be useful for better understanding of the miRNA-mediated control of the chemotaxis and thermotaxis in C. elegans.

Antecedents and performance consequences of governance structures in R&D alliances

Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.

基于3C3R模型优化PBL教学中问题的设计

教学中问题驱动能有效地引导学生知识习得,思维纵深延展,推进学程并解决问题。将3C3R模型引入PBL教学设计,旨在围绕课标概念及教材文本,依据设计路径整合关键要素进行问题设计与案例实践,在获取学科知识与培养问题解决能力方面是必要且有效的。

基于改进Faster R-CNN与U-Net算法的桥梁病害识别与量化方法

为实现桥梁病害检测的自动化,对基于图像处理技术的混凝土桥梁表观病害的智能识别和尺寸确定方法展开研究.提出基于改进Faster R-CNN算法的病害识别方法,利用K均值聚类和遗传算法对区域候选网络锚框进行优化设计;以裂缝预测区域为基础,提出ResNet34结合U-Net的裂缝形态提取方法,并结合裂缝形态学研究了裂缝像素宽度和长度的确定方法.结果表明:锚框优化设计可改进Faster R-CNN算法的表观病害识别效果,5类常见病害的预测准确率、召回率、平均精确率分别由68.40%、69.87%、74.64%提升到85.40%、83.59%、83.72%;利用病害预测框,结合改进U-Net算法的裂缝像素尺寸计算,可实现裂缝病害尺寸的自动测量;基于改进Faster R-CNN和改进U-Net的方法可实现混凝土桥梁常见病害的智能识别和尺寸量化,从而提高桥梁病害检测效率并促进桥梁技术状况评定的智能化.

Study on Interactive Computer Program for Seismic Appraisal and Seismic Strengthening of R.C. Frame Structures

In many cases, seismic appraisal of existing structures is carried out by the two step method and seismic strengthening of R.C. frame structures is solved just based on rough calculation or experience of designers, which may lead to either lack of safety or too conservative in design. According to some related criteria and experts experience, a computer program is developed specially for seismic appraisal and seismic strengthening of R.C. frames (not more than 10 storeys) in this paper. Because the progra...

基于改进Faster R-CNN的变电站设备外部缺陷检测

针对变电站设备外部缺陷目标检测任务中目标形状多样,周围环境复杂,当前代表性算法识别准确度低,错检漏检严重的问题,对比了众多目标检测算法在变电站设备缺陷数据集上的检测结果,检测精度较高的是添加了特征融合金字塔结构的Faster R-CNN(faster region-based convolutional network)算法,但其对小目标物体和设备渗漏油的检测精度仍有提升空间,为此设计一种基于Faster R-CNN的改进算法。改进算法通过对输入图像进行数据增强,在网络中添加SPP(spatial pyramid pooling)结构以及改进特征融合方式,对分类以及边界框回归损失函数进行改进的方式来提高缺陷的检测精度。与原Faster R-CNN算法进行对比,改进算法在变电站设备缺陷目标检测数据集的检测结果中AP(average precision)(0.5∶0.95)提高了2.7个百分点,AP(0.5)提高了4.3个百分点,对小目标物体的检测精度也提高了1.8个百分点,试验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

TP53-R273H/R273C基因突变数字PCR检测方法研究

TP53基因是肿瘤的抑制基因,也是癌症中常用的靶向检测基因。R273H和R273C是TP53基因检测中常见的热点突变。为了建立这2个突变的微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(ddPCR)检测方法,针对突变位点分别设计了2套ddPCR方法,验证了探针的特异性,并对退火温度和引物探针浓度进行了优化。结果显示,所建立的方法具有良好的特异性和重复性,ddPCR法与重量法之间的相关系数为0.9997和0.9996。R273H和R273C的检出限均为0.02%,定量限均为0.05%。这2套方法可用于准确检测TP53-R273H和TP53-R273C基因突变,为临床应用提供支持。

C650R镍基耐热合金热变形行为

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机,在变形温度950~1200℃、应变速率0.001~1 s^(-1)范围内,对C650R镍基耐热合金进行了热压缩模拟试验,研究了材料在热压缩过程中的热变形行为和组织演变。结果表明,C650R合金的流变应力随真应变增加先迅速增加,到达峰值后逐渐降低,C650R合金呈现明显的动态结晶软化机制。C650R合金降低了固溶强化元素Co和Mo的含量,变形抗力较低,具有良好的热加工性能。构建了C650R合金的热加工图,结合组织观察,确定了合适的热加工区间:变形温度1060~1170℃,应变速率0.1~1 s^(-1)。

Fabrication,characterization and electrochemical properties of porous coral-structured Si/C composite anode for lithium ion battery

A porous coral-structured Si/C composite as an anode material was fabricated by coating Si nanoparticles with a carbon layer from polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）, erosion of hydrofluoric（HF） acid, and secondary coating with pitch. Three samples with different pitch contents of 30%, 40% and 50% were synthesized. The composition and morphology of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, respectively, and the properties were tested by electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the composites showed obviously enhanced electrochemical performance compared with that without secondary carbon coating. The second discharge capacity of the composite was 773 m A·h/g at a current density of 100 m A/g, and still retained 669 m A·h/g after 60 cycles with a small capacity fade of less than 0.23%/cycle, while the content of secondary carbon source of pitch was set at 40%. Therefore, the cycle stability of the composite could be excellently improved by regulating carbon content of secondary coating.

PROC基因N355S、G392E、T314A突变致蛋白C缺陷的分子机制研究

目的:研究人蛋白C基因(PROC)N355S、G392E、T314A点突变致蛋白C(PC)功能缺陷的分子机制。方法:构建PROC基因野生型和突变型质粒(PCWT、PCN355S、PCG392E、PCT314A)并瞬时转染至HEK293细胞,进行突变蛋白的体外表达试验,用实时荧光PCR检测野生型和突变型PC转染24 h后的mRNA水平变化。Western blot和ELISA分别检测野生型及突变PC细胞内外蛋白水平变化。将转染24-48 h的细胞上清液进行超滤浓缩,对浓缩液中的蛋白进行定量,并进行PC的激活和酶动力学试验。Clustal Omega多序列比对分析氨基酸突变位点的保守性。利用PyMOL软件分析突变对PC蛋白质结构造成的影响。结果:PCN355S、PCG392E、PCT314A组PROC mRNA相对表达量分别为1.14±0.46、0.96±0.08和1.08±0.17,与PCWT组的1.02±0.24相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。转染细胞裂解物的Western blot分析结果显示,PCT314A重组蛋白的含量略降低,条带相对较浅。浓缩细胞培养上清液的ELISA结果显示,PCN355S、PCG392E的PC:Ag水平分别为98.8%±2.4%、101.4%±3.1%,与PCWT相比无明显差异,而PCT314A的PC:Ag水平(88.6%±3.2%)则较PCWT有所下降(P<0.05)。酶动力学试验的结果表明,APCN355S(Km=338.3±43.2,V_(max)=2.015±0.12)、APCG392E(Km=292.2±28.4,V_(max)=1.893±0.07)和APCT314A(Km=299.5±24.6,V_(max)=1.775±0.06)与APCWT(Km=238.2±4.58,Vmax=3.205±0.06)相比,均表现为Km值的升高和Vmax的下降。多序列比对提示,3种突变在不同物种中均具有高度保守性。结构模型提示,N355S、G392E、T314A突变的氨基酸替换与周围的氨基酸基团产生碰撞,使周围的结构产生扭曲,对PC的折叠和发挥生物学功能产生不利影响。结论:PROC基因的N355S、G392E和T314A突变通过减弱PC与底物间的结合导致PC的功能缺陷。这3种突变在蛋白结构上产生了严重的空间碰撞,影响了PC的折叠和活性位点的反应性。

Synthesis of porous nano/micro structured LiFePO_4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by spray-drying method

In order to enhance electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 （LFP） cathode materials, spherical porous nano/micro structured LFP/C cathode materials were synthesized by spray drying, followed by calcination. The results show that the spherical precursors with the sizes of 0.5-5 μm can be completely converted to LFP/C when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 ℃. The LFP/C microspheres obtained at calcination temperature of 700 ℃ are composed of numerous particles with sizes of -20 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and large specific surface area of 28.77 mE/g. The specific discharge capacities of the LFP/C obtained at 700 ℃ are 162.43, 154.35 and 144.03 mA.h/g at 0.5C, 1C and 2C, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity retentions can reach up to 100% after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of the materials are ascribed to a small Li＋ diffusion resistance and special structure of LFP/C microspheres.

Effect of C/S Ratio on Morphology and Structure of Hydrothermally Synthesized Calcium Silicate Hydrate

The samples of the C-S-H series were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of fumed silica, CaO and deionized water at initial C/S ratios between 1.0-1.7. Phase composition and structural and morphology characteristics of C-S-H samples were analyzed by XRD, IR and SEM. The experimental results showed that the d-spacing of （002）, （110） and （020） decreased, the d-spacing of （200） increased, and the d-spacing of （310） varied randomly, the polymerization of silica tetrahedra of C-S-H decreased, and morphology of C-S-H samples varied from sheet shapes to long reticular fibers as C/S ratio increased.

C630R新型马氏体耐热转子钢的热变形行为研究

通过Gleeble-3800试验机,开展了C630R转子钢在温度1000~1200℃、应变速率0.01~1 s^(-1)条件下的热压缩试验,研究了热变形行为及不同工艺参数对其显微组织的影响,计算了C630R转子钢的本构方程,并绘制了真应变为0.8时的热加工图。结果表明,C630R转子钢的流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率减小而降低;随着变形温度升至1200℃,或者应变速率降至0.01 s^(-1),C630R转子钢更倾向于产生动态再结晶。利用修正的流变应力曲线,计算出C630R转子钢的热变形激活能Q为530.155 kJ/mol,本构方程为·ε=5.85×1018[sinh(0.0114σ)]4.852·exp(-530155/RT),绘制了真应变为0.8时的热加工图。结合显微组织,C630R转子钢在真应变0.8时合理的热加工工艺参数为变形温度1075~1200℃,应变速率0.01~0.11 s^(-1)。

Microstructure and shear strength of the brazed joint of Ti(C,N)-based cermet to steel

Firm joins were obtained between Ti（C,N）-based cermet and steel with Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni filler metal by vacuum brazing. The effects of technological parameters such as brazing temperature, holding time, and filler thickness on the shear strength of the joints were investigated. The microstructure of welded area and the reaction products of the filler metal were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, metallographic microscope （OM）, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The brazing temperature of 870℃, holding time of 15 min, and filler thickness of 0.4 mm are a set of optimum technological parameters, under which the maximum shear strength of the joints, 176.5 MPa, is achieved. The results of microstructure show that the wettability of the filler metal on Ti（C,N）-based cermet and steel is well. A mutual solution layer and a diffusion layer exist between the welding base materials and the filler metal.

Effect of foundation flexibility on ductility reduction factors for R/C stack-like structures

The most important parameter used to determine force reduction factors in force-based design procedures adopted in the current seismic codes is the structural ductility. For a structure supported on a flexible foundation, the ductility factor could be affected by foundation compliances. The ductility factors given in the current codes are mostly assigned ignoring the effect of SSI and therefore the objective of this research is to assess the significance of SSI phenomenon on ductility factors of stack-like structures. The deformed configuration of stack-fike structures is idealized as an assemblage of beam elements considering nonlinear moment-curvature relations, while a linear sway-rocking model was implemented to model the supporting soil. Using a set of artificial records, repeated linear and nonlinear analyses were performed by gradually increasing the intensity of acceleration to a level where the first yielding of steel in linear and nonlinear analyses is observed and a level corresponding to the stack collapse in the nonlinear analysis. The difference between inelastic and elastic resistance in terms of displacement ductility factors has been quantified. The results indicate that foundation flexibility can decrease the ductility of the system and neglecting this phenomenon may lead to erroneous conclusions in the prediction of the seismic performance of flexibly-supported R/C stack-like structures.

A welding document management software package based on a Client/Server structure

According to specifications for Welding Procedure Qualification of ASME IX Section and Chinese code, JB 4708 2000, a software package for managing welding documents has been rebuilt. Consequently, the new software package can be used in a Limited Area Network (LAN) with 4 different levels of authorities for different users. Therefore, the welding documents, including DWPS (Design for Welding Procedure Specifications), PQRs (Procedure Qualification Records) and WPS (Welding Procedure Specifications) can be shared within a company. At the same time, the system provides users various functions such as browsing, copying, editing, searching and printing records, and helps users to make decision of whether a new PQR test is necessary or not according to the codes above as well. Furthermore, super users can also browse the history of record modification and retrieve the records when needed.