Pigmentation patterns are ubiquitous in nature.Visually striking pigmentation patterns are not only aesthetically appealing,but also crucial to pollinator interaction and plant fitness.The formation of complex floral ...Pigmentation patterns are ubiquitous in nature.Visually striking pigmentation patterns are not only aesthetically appealing,but also crucial to pollinator interaction and plant fitness.The formation of complex floral pigmentation patterns mainly relies on the spatiotemporal expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors and is often associated with certain floral development programs,such as floral organ identity,symmetry,which likely provide key information to initiate the patterning.For a complex pigmentation pattern to form,at least a pair of activator and inhibitor is required,despite their interaction might vary depending on the system being investigated.The regulation of pigmentation pattern involves multiple molecular mechanisms,such as transcriptional regulation,small RNA,transposon-mediated gene silencing,and methylation of gene body.Identifying these regulators can be facilitated by using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics as well as innovative plant transformation technologies.Moreover,plant organ development and pigmentation patterns are often interdependent,but current methods of describing patterns are static.Therefore,more precise and quantitative measurements are needed to elucidate the developmental mechanisms underlying complex pigmentation patterns in flowers.展开更多
Although a few cases of genetic epistasis in plants have been reported, the combined analysis of genetically phenotypic segregation and the related molecular mechanism remains rarely studied. Here, we have identified ...Although a few cases of genetic epistasis in plants have been reported, the combined analysis of genetically phenotypic segregation and the related molecular mechanism remains rarely studied. Here, we have identified a gene(named GaPC) controlling petal coloration in Gossypium arboreum and following a heritable recessive epistatic genetic model. Petal coloration is controlled by a single dominant gene,GaPC. A loss-of-function mutation of GaPC leads to a recessive gene Gapc that masks the phenotype of other color genes and shows recessive epistatic interactions. Map-based cloning showed that GaPC encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. A 4814-bp long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion at the second exon led to GaPC loss of function and disabled petal coloration. GaPC controlled petal coloration by regulating the anthocyanin and flavone biosynthesis pathways. Expression of core genes in the phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin pathways was higher in colored than in white petals. Petal color was conferred by flavonoids and anthocyanins, with red and yellow petals rich in anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides, respectively. This study provides new insight on molecular mechanism of recessive epistasis,also has potential breeding value by engineering GaPC to develop colored petals or fibers for multifunctional utilization of cotton.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32122078)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YDZX2023018+1 种基金Grant No.KJYQ2022002)Nanjing Agricultural University start-up funds。
文摘Pigmentation patterns are ubiquitous in nature.Visually striking pigmentation patterns are not only aesthetically appealing,but also crucial to pollinator interaction and plant fitness.The formation of complex floral pigmentation patterns mainly relies on the spatiotemporal expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors and is often associated with certain floral development programs,such as floral organ identity,symmetry,which likely provide key information to initiate the patterning.For a complex pigmentation pattern to form,at least a pair of activator and inhibitor is required,despite their interaction might vary depending on the system being investigated.The regulation of pigmentation pattern involves multiple molecular mechanisms,such as transcriptional regulation,small RNA,transposon-mediated gene silencing,and methylation of gene body.Identifying these regulators can be facilitated by using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics as well as innovative plant transformation technologies.Moreover,plant organ development and pigmentation patterns are often interdependent,but current methods of describing patterns are static.Therefore,more precise and quantitative measurements are needed to elucidate the developmental mechanisms underlying complex pigmentation patterns in flowers.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYZZ2022003)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production project (No.10)。
文摘Although a few cases of genetic epistasis in plants have been reported, the combined analysis of genetically phenotypic segregation and the related molecular mechanism remains rarely studied. Here, we have identified a gene(named GaPC) controlling petal coloration in Gossypium arboreum and following a heritable recessive epistatic genetic model. Petal coloration is controlled by a single dominant gene,GaPC. A loss-of-function mutation of GaPC leads to a recessive gene Gapc that masks the phenotype of other color genes and shows recessive epistatic interactions. Map-based cloning showed that GaPC encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. A 4814-bp long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion at the second exon led to GaPC loss of function and disabled petal coloration. GaPC controlled petal coloration by regulating the anthocyanin and flavone biosynthesis pathways. Expression of core genes in the phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin pathways was higher in colored than in white petals. Petal color was conferred by flavonoids and anthocyanins, with red and yellow petals rich in anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides, respectively. This study provides new insight on molecular mechanism of recessive epistasis,also has potential breeding value by engineering GaPC to develop colored petals or fibers for multifunctional utilization of cotton.
