Recent advances in energy storage mechanism of aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have recently attracted increasing research interest due to their unparalleled safety,fantastic cost competitiveness and promising capacity advantages compared with the commercial lithium ion batteries.However,the disputed energy storage mechanism has been a confusing issue restraining the development of ZIBs.Although a lot of efforts have been dedicated to the exploration in battery chemistry,a comprehensive review that focuses on summarizing the energy storage mechanisms of ZIBs is needed.Herein,the energy storage mechanisms of aqueous rechargeable ZIBs are systematically reviewed in detail and summarized as four types,which are traditional Zn^(2+)insertion chemistry,dual ions co-insertion,chemical conversion reaction and coordination reaction of Zn^(2+)with organic cathodes.Furthermore,the promising exploration directions and rational prospects are also proposed in this review.

Photoinduced Cu^(+)/Cu^(2+)interconversion for enhancing energy conversion and storage performances of CuO based Li-ion battery

Pursuing appropriate photo-active Li-ion storage materials and understanding their basic energy storage/conversion principle are pretty crucial for the rapidly developing photoassisted Li-ion batteries(PA-LIBs).Copper oxide(CuO)is one of the most popular candidates in both LIBs and photocatalysis.While CuO based PA-LIBs have never been reported yet.Herein,one-dimensional(1D)CuO nanowire arrays in situ grown on a three-dimensional(3D)copper foam support were employed as dualfunctional photoanode for both‘solar-to-electricity’and‘electricity-to-chemical’energy conversion in the PA-LIBs.It is found that light energy can be indeed stored and converted into electrical energy through the assembled CuO based PA-LIBs.Without external power source,the photo conversion efficiency of CuO based photocell reaches about 0.34%.Impressively,at a high current density of 4000 m A g^(-1),photoassisted discharge and charge specific capacity of CuO based PA-LIBs respectively receive 64.01%and 60.35%enhancement compared with the net electric charging and discharging process.Mechanism investigation reveals that photogenerated charges from CuO promote the interconversion between Cu^(2+)and Cu^(+)during the discharging/charging process,thus forcing the lithium storage reaction more completely and increasing the specific capacity of the PA-LIBs.This work can provide a general principle for the development of other high-efficient semiconductor-based PA-LIBs.

3D printing critical materials for rechargeable batteries: from materials, design and optimization strategies to applications

Three-dimensional(3D)printing,an additive manufacturing technique,is widely employed for the fabrication of various electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs),such as batteries and supercapacitors,ranging from nanoscale to macroscale.This technique offers excellent manufacturing flexibility,geometric designability,cost-effectiveness,and eco-friendliness.Recent studies have focused on the utilization of 3D-printed critical materials for EESDs,which have demonstrated remarkable electrochemical performances,including high energy densities and rate capabilities,attributed to improved ion/electron transport abilities and fast kinetics.However,there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing and discussing the recent advancements in the structural design and application of 3D-printed critical materials for EESDs,particularly rechargeable batteries.In this review,we primarily concentrate on the current progress in 3D printing(3DP)critical materials for emerging batteries.We commence by outlining the key characteristics of major 3DP methods employed for fabricating EESDs,encompassing design principles,materials selection,and optimization strategies.Subsequently,we summarize the recent advancements in 3D-printed critical materials(anode,cathode,electrolyte,separator,and current collector)for secondary batteries,including conventional Li-ion(LIBs),Na-ion(SIBs),K-ion(KIBs)batteries,as well as Li/Na/K/Zn metal batteries,Zn-air batteries,and Ni–Fe batteries.Within these sections,we discuss the 3DP precursor,design principles of 3D structures,and working mechanisms of the electrodes.Finally,we address the major challenges and potential applications in the development of 3D-printed critical materials for rechargeable batteries.

A New Rechargeable Battery Design Based on Magnesium and Persulfate

A battery concept based on the chemical system of magnesium (anode) and persulfate (cathode) is presented. A complete procedure is given to prepare the battery for testing, although no experimental data is presented herein. The similarities of this system to a well-tested Li||LiFePO4 system lend strong credibility to the concept, and the estimated performance characteristics presented. The advantages of this design include the following many areas. First, inexpensive, and available, battery reagents exist. Second, by analogy to the lithium ion battery for which comparisons are made, the full fabrication process for battery separator design is known and efficient;and both the kJ/kg and Amps/kg values are estimated to be substantially larger than the lithium ion battery (e.g., Li||LiFePO4) experimental design. Finally, flammability of the Mg||MgS2O8 system can be expected to provide less of a potential flammability concern, compared to comparable lithium ion batteries. This is because lithium metal, as with any alkali metal, is aggressively flammable even under reduced moisture environments. The proposed magnesium persulfate battery calculated metrics yield an improvement of 194% greater output power (W/cm2&middotkg), and 154% greater stored energy (MJ/kg) than state-of-the-art lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Photo-enhanced rechargeable high-energy-density metal batteries for solar energy conversion and storage

Solar energy is considered the most promising renewable energy source.Solar cells can harvest and convert solar energy into electrical energy,which needs to be stored as chemical energy,thereby realizing a balanced supply and demand for energy.As energy storage devices for this purpose,newly developed photo-enhanced rechargeable metal batteries,through the internal integration of photovoltaic technology and high-energy-density metal batteries in a single device,can simplify device configuration,lower costs,and reduce external energy loss.This review focuses on recent progress regarding the working principles,device architectures,and performances of various closed-type and open-type photo-enhanced rechargeable devices based on metal batteries,including Li/Zn-ion,Li-S,and Li/Zn-I_(2),and Li/Zn-O_(2)/air,Li-CO_(2),and Na-O_(2) batteries.In addition to provide a fundamental understanding of photo-enhanced rechargeable devices,key challenges and possible strategies are also discussed.Finally,some perspectives are provided for further enhancing the overall performance of the proposed devices.

Charge storage mechanisms of cathode materials in rechargeable aluminum batteries

Rechargeable aluminum batteries(RABs)have attracted great interest as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage because of their high volumetric capacity,low cost,high safety and the abundance of aluminum.However,compared with the aluminum anodes,the cathode materials face more problems including low specific capacity,relatively sluggish kinetics in most host structures and/or limited cycle lifespan,which pose the major challenge for RABs in further practical applications.During the past years,intensive efforts have been devoted to developing new cathode materials and/or designing engineered nanostructures to greatly improve RABs’electrochemical performances.In addition to nanotechnologybased electrode structure designs,the intrinsic chemical structures and charge storage mechanisms of cathode materials play an equally crucial role,if not more,in revolutionizing the battery performances.This review,here,focuses on current understandings into the charge storage mechanisms of cathode materials in RABs from a chemical reaction point of view.First,the fundamental chemistry,charge storage mechanisms and design principles of RAB cathode materials are highlighted.Based on different ion charge carriers,the current cathode materials are classified into four groups,including Al^(3+)-hosting,Al Cl_(4)^(-)-hosting,Al Cl_(2)^(+)/Al Cl_(2)^(+)-hosting,and Cl^(-)-hosting cathode materials.Next,the respective typical electrode structures,optimization strategies,electrochemical performances and charge storage mechanisms are discussed in detail to establish their chemistry-structure-property relationships.This review on current understandings of the cathode charge storage mechanisms will lay the ground and hopefully set new directions into the rational design of high-performance cathode materials in RABs,and open up new opportunities for designing new electrolyte systems with respect to the targeted cathode systems.

新型水泥基电池的制备与电化学性能研究

新型水泥基电池作为一种建筑储能装置,具有成本低、环境友好和可充电性等优点而受到国内外科研工作者的广泛关注。本文将不同导电填料与正、负极活性物质混合研磨,然后经真空干燥处理制成新型水泥基可充电电池的电极,研究了不同导电填料和用量对可充电水泥基电池电化学性能的影响。结果表明:在正、负极活性物质中掺入质量分数为25%的炭黑导电填料的水泥基电池的容量达到12.5 mAh,能量密度为1.575 Wh/m^(2),放电寿命超过了3.3 h,其电化学性能优于相同质量分数的石墨和石墨烯导电填料水泥基电池。

Roadmap for rechargeable batteries:present and beyond

Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global climate change.Due to the increased popularity of consumer electronics and electric vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have quickly become the most successful rechargeable batteries in the past three decades,yet growing demands in diversified application scenarios call for new types of rechargeable batteries.Tremendous efforts are made to developing the next-generation post-Li-ion rechargeable batteries,which include,but are not limited to solid-state batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,organic batteries,magnesium-/zinc-ion batteries,aqueous batteries and flow batteries.Despite the great achievements,challenges persist in precise understandings about the electrochemical reaction and charge transfer process,and optimal design of key materials and interfaces in a battery.This roadmap tends to provide an overview about the current research progress,key challenges and future prospects of various types of rechargeable batteries.New computational methods for materials development,and characterization techniques will also be discussed as they play an important role in battery research.

Mn-based cathode materials for rechargeable batteries

The rapid expansion of renewable energies asks for great progress of energy-storage technologies for sustainable energy supplies,which raises the compelling demand of high-performance rechargeable batteries.To satisfy the huge demand from the coming energy-storage market,the resource and cost-effectiveness of rechargeable batteries become more and more important.Manganese(Mn)as a key transition element with advantages including high abundance,low cost,and low toxicity derives various kinds(spinels,layered oxides,polyanions,Prussian blue analogs,etc.)of high-performance Mn-based electrode materials,especially cathodes,for rechargeable batteries ranging from Li-ion batteries,Na-ion batteries,aqueous batteries,to multivalent metal-ion batteries.It is anticipated that Mn-based materials with Mn as the major transition-metal element will constitute a flourishing family of Mn-based rechargeable batteries(Mn RBs)for large-scale and differentiated energy-storage applications.On the other hand,several critical issues including Jahn-Teller effect,Mn dissolution,and O release greatly hinder the pace of Mn RBs,which require extensive material optimizations and battery/system improvements.This review aims to provide an investigation about Mn-based materials and batteries for the coming energy-storage demands,with compelling issues and challenges that must be overcome.

从BIPV(光伏建筑一体化)到BIPVES(光伏储能建筑一体化)

[目的]随着光伏、储能、新型建材及装配式建筑产业的发展,将光伏组件与屋面、墙体、遮阳等构件进行一体化设计与制造的光伏建筑一体化(Building Integrated Photovoltaic,BIPV)技术开始延伸为光伏储能建筑一体化(Building Integrated Photovoltaic and Energy Storge,BIPVES)技术。[方法]文章提出世界首个可充电水泥电池,将建筑墙体与光伏发电装置、储放电装置相融合;对设备和材料进行跨界创新,在玻璃表面打印高清晰度、高透光率花纹图案,制造高效光伏建材;研发预制式储能墙体,与各类钢结构装配式建筑体系进行结合,实现订制式生产、装配式施工,形成建筑构件与光伏、储能一体化的变革趋势。[结果]水泥基电池实现了建筑墙体具有光伏发电、储电以及供电等多种功能;新一代光伏建材可节省建筑外立面装饰材料的成本,降低建筑物碳排放;光伏和储能等可再生能源技术在建筑中的一体化集成,可取得最大化收益。[结论]新型光伏建材技术和水泥电池等新型储能技术具有发展前景,将可充电电池构件、光伏外墙板与装配式建筑墙体及预埋件进行组合集成并推广应用具有可行性。

Energy storage materials derived from Prussian blue analogues

Prussian blue analogues(PBAs) with open frameworks have drawn much attention in energy storage fields due to their tridimensional ionic diffusion path, easy preparation, and low cost. This review summarizes the recent progress of using PBAs and their derivatives as energy storage materials in alkali ions,multi-valent ions, and metal-air batteries. The key factors to improve the electrochemical performance of PBAs as cathode materials in rechargeable batteries were firstly discussed. Several approaches for performance enhancement such as controlling the amounts of vacancies and coordinated water, optimizing morphologies, and depositing carbon coating are described in details. Then, we highlighted the significance of their diverse architectures and morphologies in anode materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries. Finally, the applications of Prussian blue derivatives as catalysts in metal-air batteries are also reviewed, providing insights into the origin of favorable morphologies and structures of catalyst for the optimal performance.

Laser irradiation construction of nanomaterials toward electrochemical energy storage and conversion:Ongoing progresses and challenges

The emerging use of laser irradiation in synthesis smartly bridges“nanotech-nology”and“light”,and has attracted enormous attention as an efficient syn-thetic methodology for versatile nanomaterials toward electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices(ESCDs).In this review,recent contributions and progress regarding the laser-induced nanomaterials for ESCDs are com-prehensively summarized,with a special focus on their practical utilization in rechargeable batteries,supercapacitors and electrocatalysis.The laser-induced synthesis strategies and corresponding mechanisms involved in nano-architecture generation/regulation,including pulsed laser deposition and laser irradiation in liquid,are also discussed in detail.With the in-depth insights into the mechanisms and revolutionary advancements of laser irradiation tech-nology,the comprehensive performances of ESCDs have been strikingly opti-mized.Finally,the existing challenges and future directions in this booming research field are outlined.This review will exert the significant guidance for future design and purposeful fabrication of advanced laser-induced nano-materials with appealing properties for advanced ESCDs and beyond.

东营市河口区砂岩热储回灌试验研究

地热是一种清洁能源,可用于居民供暖、生活洗浴、温泉理疗、温池游泳、温室花卉和养殖。大力开发地热资源,对缓解能源紧张,减少环境污染,促进经济可持续发展具有重要意义。尾水回灌是砂岩热储开发利用面临的主要难题,尾水的大量外排会污染周边地表水及土壤,不利于地热资源的可持续利用,文中以东营市河口区为例,对回灌试验进行了分析研究,为地热资源的可持续利用提供参考。

Sodium vanadium oxides:From nanostructured design to high-performance energy storage materials

Developing high-capacity and low-cost cathode materials for metal-ion rechargeable batteries is the mainstream trend and is also the key to providing breakthroughs in making high-energy rechargeable batteries.Vanadium has a variety of valence states and can form a variety of vanadate structures.As a typical positive electrode material,vanadate has abundant ion adsorption sites,a unique“pillar”framework,and a typical layered structure.Therefore,it has the advantages of high specific capacity and excellent rate performance,possessing the prospect of being a large-capacity energy storage material.In this review,we focus on applications of sodium vanadium oxides(NVO)in electrical energy storage(EES)devices and summarize sodium vanadate materials from three aspects,including crystal structure,electrochemical performance,and energy storage mechanism.The recent progress of NVO-based highperformance energy storage materials along with nanostructured design strategies was provided and discussed as well.This review is intended to serve as general guidance for researchers to develop desirable sodium vanadate materials.

可充镁电池正极材料PTMA/石墨烯(英文)

本文制备了聚4-甲基丙烯酸-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基酯(PTMA)/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并报道了其作为可充镁电池正极材料的电化学性能.通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)表征复合材料的结构和形貌;循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试其电化学性能.粒径10 nm左右的PTMA颗粒分散在具有导电作用的石墨烯表面;在"一代"电解液Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/四氢呋喃(THF)(0.25 mol L-1)中,22.8mA g-1充放电电流密度下,PTMA/石墨烯复合材料的起始放电容量可达到81.2 mAh g-1.研究结果表明,含有自由基的有机化合物可以作为可充镁电池的一类新型正极材料,可以进一步通过使用具有高氧化分解电压的电解液来提高其放电容量.

抽灌同井季节性储能分析

为了探究抽灌同井季节性储能的可能性和潜力,采用经过现场试验验证过的数学模型对抽灌同井常年运行工况进行了数值模拟,并以抽回水温度为基础建立了季节性储能的定量分析模型.结果表明,由于热贯通的存在,前一个运行周期会对后面运行周期的抽水温度产生重大的影响,证实抽灌同井出现了明显的季节性储能现象.当负荷基本平衡时,逐年的抽水平均温度和储能比基本保持不变.对于北京地区夏冬运行模式,此时季节性储能提供了约73%的低位热量和24%的热汇.而当累积负荷不平衡时,热源井的抽水温度出现明显升高或降低,严重时使热源井失效.

地下水源热泵技术应用及发展

阐述了地下水源热泵空调系统的工作原理和特点,对典型地下水源热泵空调系统工程进行了实测分析,指出了地下水源热泵技术应用中存在的地下水回灌、水循环系统设计不合理等问题,并提出建立完善的标准体系、建立回灌井信息监测网络等促进其应用发展的建议。

深部开采高盐矿井水减排治理技术体系构建与实现

近年来,随着我国煤矿矿井水排放标准的不断提高,针对高盐矿井水处理及资源化利用方面的技术创新需求进一步提升。减少矿井水尤其是高盐矿井水的排放、提高矿井水的可利用性是提高煤炭生产安全、加快绿色矿山建设、促进煤炭企业可持续发展的重要保障。针对张双楼煤矿深部开采过程中面临的矿井水涌水量大、矿化度高、处理利用成本高等问题,提出了该矿高盐矿井水以“减量、储存、净化”为核心的减排治理技术体系,即:通过底板涌水封堵减量技术对已有残余涌水点进行减量封堵,从源头上减少高盐矿井水的排放;通过矿井水深层回灌储存与保水修复技术将高盐矿井涌水进行深部转移储存,助力实现矿井水“零排放”与深层地下水的保水修复;通过采空区煤岩自净与调蓄技术进行高盐矿井水的煤岩自净预处理,并进一步通过地面深度脱盐处理技术,实现高盐矿井水净化处理以及资源化利用或达标排放。同时,结合该矿的水文地质背景、矿井涌水规律以及矿井水处理利用现状,对以上技术在该矿应用实现的可行性和途径进行了综合分析与评价:通过底板涌水封堵减量技术的实施,实现了188 m^(3)/h的底板四灰涌水减量治理;通过深层回灌储存技术,西翼采区能够实现对奥灰含水层200 m^(3)/h的回灌储存与保水修复;通过采空区煤岩自净预处理与调蓄技术,东翼采区可蓄存约165万m^(3)矿井水并进行特征组分的井下预处理;通过地面深度脱盐处理技术,矿井水处理能力达到700 m^(3)/h,每年可减少盐排量14271.5 t。最后,提出并形成了张双楼煤矿高盐矿井水减排治理的综合技术思路。张双楼煤矿高盐矿井水减排治理技术体系的提出,可为该矿及其他类似深部开采煤矿高盐矿井水的减量治理以及资源化利用提供理论基础与技术借鉴依据。

地下咸水储能回灌含水层胶体释放动力学与渗透性变异

为了揭示天津滨海地区咸水储能回灌过程中含水层渗透性变化的机制,采用室内土柱试验的方法研究不同温度下咸水储能回灌过程中含水层胶体的释放量、释放速率以及胶体释放对含水层渗透性的影响,同时探讨了胶体释放过程中Ca2+的变化特征。研究结果表明,咸水储能回灌过程中含水层胶体释放是脉冲式的,表现为突然增加,然后缓慢降低,大约20个孔隙体积为一个周期;胶体累积释放量随着孔隙体积数的增加而增加;胶体释放量与孔隙体积数为分段函数,不同阶段胶体累积释放量增长幅度和释放速率发生变化。胶体释放过程中含水层的渗透系数随着孔隙体积数的增加呈"S"型曲线;0℃、10℃和20℃情况下咸水含水层渗透系数分别增加了4.02倍、12.21倍和6.63倍;不同温度下虽然含水层渗透系数开始有差异,但60个孔隙体积数后渗透系数均接近15cm/d左右。胶体释放过程中也存在着Ca2+-K+、Na+阳离子交换作用,不同的温度下这种交换作用动态特征不同。

北京某同井回灌地下水地源热泵工程现场试验研究

比较了抽灌同井与单井循环系统的异同点。给出了北京某同井回灌地下水地源热泵工程近一年的现场试验数据,包括进出口水温、地下水流量、测井温度。研究表明,地下水流量的选取是同井回灌地下水地源热泵节能的关键。将热贯通分为瞬变热贯通和缓变热贯通,抽灌同井运行过程中的缓变热贯通不明显,应注意瞬变热贯通。对于冬夏均运行的抽灌同井,季节性蓄能是热泵热源的重要组成部分。