Pure and Mixed Plantations of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>and <i>Cupressus lusitanica</i>: Their Growth Interactions and Effect on Diversity and Density of Undergrowth Woody Plants in Relation to Light

Published results on the growth interactions of non-nitrogen fixing mixed plantations species, and their impact on the regeneration of woody plants are scant. This paper addresses the growth interactions of pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cupressus lusitanica and their impact on the regeneration of woody plants in relation with light. Data on the regenerated woody plants, individual characteristics of the plantation species and light reaching under the canopies were collected using sample plots (n = 4) with a size of 20 m × 20 m for each plantation type. The result showed that, E. camaldulensis was suppressing the growth of C. lusitanica while its growth was favored when it was mixed with C. lusitanica (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the pure and mixed plantations in their diversity and density of undergrowth woody plants (p > 0.05). Density of plantation trees were found not having a significant relationship with diversity of species (p = 0.801). There was a significant but not direct relationship between light reached in the understory of the canopies and diversity of species in the plantations (p = 0.027). Overall, the result indicated that both the pure and the mixed plantations were favoring the recruitment of woody plants.

Experimental Investigation of a Fixed-geometry Two-dimensional Mixed-compression Supersonic Inlet with Sweep-forward High- light and Bleed Slot in an Inverted ＂X＂-type Layout

A fixed-geometry two-dimensional mixed-compression supersonic inlet with sweep-forward high-light and bleed slot in an inverted ＂X＂-form layout was tested in a wind tunnel. Results indicate： （1） with increases of the free stream Mach number, the total pressure recovery decreases, while the mass flow ratio increases to the maximum at the design point and then decreases; （2） when the angle of attack, a, is less than 6°, the total pressure recovery of both side inlets tends to decrease, but, on the lee side inlet, its values are higher than those on the windward side inlet, and the mass flow ratio on lee side inlet increases first and then falls, while on the windward side it keeps declining slowly with the sum of mass flow on both sides remaining almost constant; （3） with the attack angle, a, rising from 6° to 9°, both total pressure recovery and mass flow ratio on the lee side inlet fall quickly, but on the windward side inlet can be observed decreases in the total pressure recovery and increases in the mass flow ratio; （4） by comparing the velocity and back pressure characterristics of the inlet with a bleed slot to those of the inlet without, it stands to reason that the existence of a bleed slot has not only widened the steady working range of inlet, but also made an enormous improvement in its performance at high Mach numbers. Besides, this paper also presents an example to show how this type of inlet is designed.

Highly Efficient and Stable Hybrid White Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Controllable Exciton Behavior by a Mixed Bipolar Interlayer

Highly efficient and stable hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes （HWOLEDs） with a mixed bipolar interlayer between fluorescent blue and phosphorescent yellow emitting layers are demonstrated. The bipolar interlayer is a mixture of p-type diphenyl （l0-phenyl-lOH-spiro [acridine-9,9＇-fluoren]-3Lyl） phosphine oxide and n-type 2＇,2- （1,3,5-benzinetriyl）-tris（1-phenyl-l-H-benzimidazole）. The electroluminance and Commission Internationale de l＇Eclairage （CIE1931） coordinates＇ characteristics can be modulated easily by adjusting the ratio of the hole- predominated material to the electron-predominated material in the interlayer. The hybrid WOLED with a p-type：n-type ratio of 1：3 shows a maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 61.1 ed/A and 55.8 lm/W, respectively, with warm white CIE coordinates of （0.34, 0.43）. The excellent efficiency and adaptive CIE coordi- nates are attributed to the mixed interlayer with improved charge carrier balance, optimized exciton distribution, and enhanced harvesting of singlet and triplet excitons.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on The Speed-up of Freight Train with Mixed Marshaling of Light and Heavy Vehicle

To study the influence of the speed-up of a freight train with mixed marshaling of light and heavy vehicles on the dynamic behavior,a dynamic model of the freight train was established based on the modular method of cyclic variables,and the dynamic behavior of the freight train was simulated and analyzed under different marshaling patterns,speeds and line conditions.On-site speed-up test with different marshaling freight trains was carried out,and the stability and ride-index of the train before and after the speed-up were compared and analyzed.The feasibility of increasing the speed of freight trains with mixed marshaling of light and heavy cars was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.The results show that the theory is in good agreement with the test,which can effectively reflect the dynamic behavior of the vehicle.The dynamic behavior of the freight train in the study meets the requirements of increasing speed to 90 km/h.This paper provides a theoretical basis and method for railway freight transportation and the speed-up of freight vehicles.

Influence of carbon and yttrium co-doping on the photocatalytic activity of mixed phase TiO_2

Mixed phase TiO2photocatalysts doped with C and Y were synthesized by a sol‐gel process.The effects of C and Y doping and annealing temperatures on the structural and optical properties,and photocatalytic activity were investigated.We found that both C and Y doping can broaden the absorption spectrum of TiO2to the visible light region and inhibit recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs.The incorporation of Y into the TiO2lattice inhibited growth of crystalline grains,which increased the specific surface area and enhanced the photocatalytic activity.The photocatalytic performance of the samples was investigated in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue under visible light irradiation.The rate of methyl blue degradation over the(C,Y)‐co‐doped TiO2sample was much higher than those of undoped TiO2,C‐TiO2,and Y‐TiO2.Additionally,the apparent first‐order rate constant of the co‐doped sample was3.5times as large as that of undoped mix phase TiO2under the same experimental conditions.The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the synergic effect of(C,Y)‐co‐doping and the formation of an appropriate crystalline structure.

Mathematical Modeling,Field Calibration and Numerical Simulation of Low-Speed Mixed Traffic Flow in Cities

Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｔｈｅｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｍｏｔｏｒｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｈｉｇｈｗａｙｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｓ...

Mixed d/f Complexes Zn(H2L)Ln(NO3)3(Ln=Sm,Tb and Dy)：Crystal Structure,Fluorescence and Thermal Stability

A series of isostructural d/f molecular compounds Zn（H2L）Ln（NO3）3·CH3OH（Ln = Dy（1）, Tb（2） and Sm（3）） were synthesized by the introduction of a designed multifunctional ligand N,N？,N？？,N？？？-tetra（2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan（H4L = C（44）H（60）N4O8）. In the isostructural molecules, each crystallographically independent Zn2＋ and Ln3＋ centers are connected by two phenolic oxygen atoms. For the six-coordinate Zn-（2＋） ion, the coordination geometry can be viewed as a regular bicapped square pyramid. While for the ten-coordinate Ln-（3＋） ion, if each O,O？-chelated nitrate ligand is seen as a single coordination site, the coordination geometry can be viewed as a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The fluorescent spectra show that compounds 2 and 3 exhibited characteristic sharp emissions of Tb-（3＋） and Sm-（3＋）, respectively, while compound 1 was found to be a single-component white-light-emitting complex in the solid state. Thermal stabilities of the three compounds were investigated by using thermal gravimetric analysis. In addition, the thermal decomposition of compound 1 was confirmed by temperature-dependent powder X-ray diffraction technique.

Slow light via four-wave mixing in a hot rubidium vapour

In this work, we report on an off-resonant four-wave mixing experiment via a ladder-type configuration in a hot rubidium atomic vapour. We find for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the generated light is delayed compared with the reference. At the same time, the seeded signal beam is also delayed, though the delay time is not as so large as the one that the generated light has. Both delayed times can be adjusted experimentally by controlling the two-photon detuning. The experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. Our results may be important for storing telecom-band photons.

Measurements of NO_2 mixing ratios with topographic target light scattering-differential optical absorption spectroscopy system and comparisons to point monitoring technique

A topographic target light scattering-differential optical absorption spectroscopy （＇IbTaL-DOA~） system is de- veloped for measuring average concentrations along a known optical path and studying surface-near distributions of atmospheric trace gases. The telescope of the ToTaL-DOAS system points to targets which are located at known dis- tances from the measurement device and illuminated by sunlight. Average concentrations with high spatial resolution can be retrieved by receiving sunlight reflected from the targets, A filed measurement of NO2 concentration is performed with the ToTaL-DOAS system in Shijiazhuang in the autumn of 2011. The measurement data are compared with con- centrations measured by the point monitoring technique at the same site. The results show that the ToTaL-DOAS system is sensitive to the variation of NO2 concentrations along the optical path.

Optical anisotropy and the direction of polarization of exciton emissions in a semiconductor quantum dot:Effect of heavy-and light-hole mixing

The dependence of the directions of polarization of exciton emissions, fine structure splittings （FSS）, and polarization anisotropy on the light- and heavy-hole （LH-HH） mixing in semiconductor quantum dots （QDs） is investigated using a mesoscopic model. In general, all QDs have a four-fold exciton ground state. Two exciton states have directions of polarization in the growth-plane, while the other two are along the growth direction of the QD. The LH-HH mixing does affect the FSS and polarization anisotropy of bright exciton states in the growth-plane in the low symmetry QDs （e.g., C2v, CS, C1 ）, while it has no effect on the FSS and polarization anisotropy in high symmetry QDs （e.g., C3V, D2d）. When the hole ground state is pure HH or LH, the bright exciton states in the growth-plane are normal to each other. The LH-HH mixing affects the relative intensities and directions of bright exciton states in the growth-plane of the QD. The polarization anisotropy of exciton emissions in the growth-plane of the QD is independent of the phase angle of LH-HH mixing but strongly depends on the magnitude of LH-HH mixing in low symmetry QDs.

基于纽介堡方程的色纺织物颜色预测

色纺织物由多种色纤维混合织造,其颜色预测过程复杂,基于格拉斯曼色光混合理论和印刷网点的纽介堡方程,建立了便于计算的颜色预测模型。预测过程分2种情况讨论,一种是取决于表面一层色纤维,另一种是取决于最上面2层纤维相互作用。当考虑最上面2层纤维相互叠加时,相互堆叠简化为与同色堆叠或与两色堆叠。根据不同方式各自建立颜色预测模型,选出预测色差最小的模型并对其优化。结果表明:当以色纺织物最上面2层纤维堆叠组成的色元对混色织物颜色预测时,2层纤维组分不同,认为堆叠顺序对该色元颜色值无影响建立的模型预测色差最小,且对该模型中各色元占比面积系数进行一阶线性回归修正后能较好地用于色纺织物表面颜色值的预测。

基于ISM的混合轻烃装运危险性分析

“混合轻烃”是油气田伴生气和进口液化天然气中烷烃的提取物,近年市场供应逐渐增加。由于其和传统的以液化石油气为代表的烃类混合物的组分上的差别,国内缺乏对应的生产规范与储运设备,为生产与贸易带来不便。为此针对混合轻烃在装卸与运输环节中的危险性,利用可解释结构模型(ISM)对衍生的安全管理措施之间的逻辑关系进行拓扑结构呈现。结果表明:若沿用市场现有的LPG槽车运输混合轻烃则必须充分计算其工艺可靠性,提前评估这类产品的事故风险以及选择合理的包装方式,并做好设备日常维护等保障性工作;其他因素的重要度依此变化,可为安全防范提供参考;在日常的安全管理工作中,安全专项资金的投入是最基本的保障,其次是生产规章制度与安全管理规程的科学性,以及如何平衡生产效率与安全之间的关系。

基于轻量化特征选择的镜片多尺度缺陷检测系统研究

为解决对镜片缺陷识别和定位困难的问题,设计了一种基于轻量化特征选择(LFSN)的镜片多尺度缺陷检测系统。首先通过四步相移栅格光成像系统采集缺陷图像,基于傅里叶变换对图像进行融合以提高图像质量;然后,LFSN使用自动特征层选择结构,在训练过程中计算无锚框分支损失,获得最优特征层信息,更新参数,从而优化模型对不同缺陷大小信息的学习能力;还使用了深度分离可变卷积,通过双线性插值增加像素点在平面的偏移量,从而提升模型对缺陷形貌的主动学习能力,并一定程度减少模型训练参数量,降低检测时间,同时优化回归定位损失明确各阶段训练任务,利用一次惩罚项指导前期预测框中心距离回归;利用归一化二次项,指导后期预测框大小比例回归,使预测框更接近真实值;最后,通过实验采集镜片缺陷图像,并构建数据集进行对比实验。实验结果表明:识别和定位镜片的缺陷的准确率为96.3%,单幅检测时间为24.9 ms。

企业数字化转型与城市经济活力——基于夜间灯光数据的混频回归

以2013—2021年中国沪深A股上市公司为样本,以夜间灯光数据衡量城市经济活力,实证检验企业数字化转型对城市经济活力的影响。研究发现,企业数字化转型对城市经济活力有显著的正向影响,在控制了内生性与稳健性后结论仍然成立,而促进就业、专业化分工与生产效率是其作用渠道,媒体关注度与数字普惠金融是具有正向影响的作用机制。异质性分析发现,高市场集中度的企业数字化转型对城市经济活力的边际影响更强,数字化转型对高城镇化率的城市经济活力的边际影响更强。结合宏观地级市与微观企业数据进行混频回归,丰富了企业数字化转型与城市经济活力的相关研究,在当前“从微观视角研究宏观问题”与“基于宏观背景研究微观问题”的大背景下具有重要的理论与实践意义,有助于政府、企业等相关主体认识到数字化转型的经济后果以及城市经济发展的影响因素,从而更好地实施数字化转型以及促进经济高质量发展。

基于三基色LED的线性调光混合照明

为提供高品质、智能健康的照明光源,基于三基色LED光源构建了线性调光混合照明系统,并提出一种调光调色的优化方法。混合光源的光色度和光强度分别用色温和明度等级来设定,使得混合照明效果更加符合“人因照明”的需求。在系统的智能优化配光过程中,将色温转化为CIE u′v′色度坐标,明度转化为亮度,使优化计算更加精确。该系统采用线性调光的方式,既能有效避免混合光源闪烁带来的健康安全问题,配合优化算法又有效解决了线性调光色度漂移大的问题。实验结果表明,在2000 K~8000 K的色温范围内,混合照明系统混合光的色度稳定性保持在1阶CIE u′v′圆内,在对应色温下的整个光强度调节范围内无可察觉的色差。采用线性调光方式在保持光色度稳定上比脉冲宽度调光方式效果更佳。理论探究和实验结果表明该混光照明系统简易可行,具有较高的实用价值。

4种混合光合厌氧产氢菌群的筛选及产氢性能研究

为实现可持续绿色能源目标,将来源广泛的生物质能源高效资源化,采用暗光混合发酵技术,从好氧污泥、厌氧污泥、湖泥、牛粪中富集了4种暗光混合菌群利用葡萄糖进行厌氧发酵制氢实验,并对发酵过程中微生物、产氢、生长、物质变化特性进行研究。16S rRNA高通量结果显示,4种菌群均是以红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas)为主的暗光混合菌群,菌群结构具有多样性,菌群之间差异明显。其中,牛粪混合菌群产氢性能最好,在30 mmol/L葡萄糖、35℃、5000 lux条件下,累积氢气产率为(633.93±4.87)mL/L,最大产氢速率为(8.55±0.31)mL/(L·h),能量转化率可达到9.22%,底物中7.32%的电子流向H_(2)。结果表明:暗光混合菌群能高效地利用底物进行厌氧发酵制氢。

火灾烟与粉尘混合颗粒光散射矩阵特性研究

非火灾颗粒引起的光电感烟探测器误报是火灾探测领域重点关注的问题。通过Lorenz-Mie理论计算水雾的光散射矩阵,并与光散射平台实验测量对比验证实验平台的可靠性。测量并对比分析了单一的黑碳颗粒、干扰粉尘颗粒及粉尘黑碳混合颗粒的光散射矩阵。结果表明,光散射矩阵的不同元素及不同角度可以有效区分单一的干扰颗粒以及黑碳与粉尘的混合颗粒。

超细铁尾矿气泡混合轻质土优化设计研究

目的:为了实现超细铁尾矿在气泡混合轻质土中的高效利用,以最优力学性能为目标,进行了配合比优化设计。方法:基于BBD响应面曲面法,以尾矿掺量15%~30%、泡沫掺量4%~6%、水料比0.4~0.6为变量,以7 d和28 d抗压强度为响应值,设计了17组配合比,并分析了组成因素间的相互作用对抗压强度的影响程度。结果:泡沫掺量对超细铁尾矿气泡混合轻质土抗压强度影响最为显著,其次是水料比和尾矿掺量;从两因素交互作用上看,尾矿掺量和泡沫掺量交互作用对抗压强度影响最为显著;通过对回归模型的极值求解,当尾矿掺量为34.19%、泡沫掺量为4.34%、水料比为0.45时,超细铁尾矿气泡混合轻质土具有最优的力学性能。结论:经优化设计后的超细铁尾矿气泡混合轻质土可满足填筑工程技术要求。

改性分子筛催化C_(4+)混合烃制低碳烯烃的性能研究

甲醇制烯烃过程中会副产大量C_(4+)混合烃。利用副产C_(4+)混合烃来高效生产乙烯和丙烯,提升乙烯和丙烯产率,成为煤制烯烃行业一个重要的研究方向。采用水热法合成了纳米级的HZSM-5分子筛,并在此基础上分别制备了P改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂(P/HZSM-5)和P-Mg复合改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂(P-Mg/HZSM-5)。采用XRD、SEM和N_(2)吸/脱附等手段对分子筛和相应催化剂进行了表征,并在小型固定床反应器上分别进行了分子筛和分子筛催化剂催化C_(4+)混合烃制低碳烯烃的催化性能测试。结果表明,在温度为520℃、压力为0.2 MPa、水蒸气空速为1000 h^(-1)和原料混合气体积空速为100 h^(-1)的条件下反应8 h,P-Mg/HZSM-5的乙烯和丙烯产率可达到46.2%,综合性能最优(乙烯选择性为28.6%,丙烯选择性为60.8%)。

行为节能在室内照明中的应用——以新疆某阅览室为例

以自然光照明为主、人工照明为辅的传统阅览室,能耗大,照度不均匀,行为节能是改善阅览室光环境的有效措施。本研究以行为节能为载体,提出分区照明和混合照明结合的方式,利用DIALux evo软件模拟了行为节能措施下提出的各种室内照明案例,计算了原始能耗和优化后的能耗。表明行为节能能够达到良好的节能效果,提高阅览室的照明质量,并提出了合理的优化设计措施。