Use of Topical Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) in Diabetic Septic Foot Disease in Makkah Region, Western of Saudi Arabia, an Exploratory Study

Diabetes is a chronic condition that is significantly impacted daily by environment. At least one in five Saudis, suffer from diabetes. “Diabetes is a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude spiraling out of control” (Boulton). Saudi Arabia ranks the second highest in the Middle East, and is the seventh in the world for the prevalence of diabetes (WHO). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be related to high mortality, morbidity accompanied by poor general health and lower quality of life. Current Saudi diabetes patients’ behaviors, practices, and beliefs regarding foot health problems such as ulcers, are not well investigated. Diabetic patients frequently utilize natural remedies and Herbs for self-medication as a part of complementary and alternative Medicine. Aim of study: To explore the widespread use of the alternative remedies in the local communities of the Western Saudi Arabia, the drives behind using and to focus on the potential adverse effects following their usage. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 386 diabetic patients with feet problems in Makkah Region, West of Saudi Arabia during the period April - June 2023. Results: Out of the 531 participants, only 386 participants reported diabetic foot disorder (DFD). Most of the participant were above 65 years of age group (24.61 %). Male (52.08%) more than female (47.92%) in the research group. All of the participants had diabetic foot disorders at least once. The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use among them was 67.88%, as solitary or in combination with hospital medicines. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Acquaintances advice (59.54%) was the most reason for using the alternative medicine. 60.30% of Diabetic foot patient complained of adverse effects during CAM remedies use. Conclusion: Consumption of CAM remedies among diabetic patients for Diabetic Foot Disorder (DFD) is common. Honey headed the list followed by myrrh and black seeds. Additional wide-scale research is required to establish their actual efficacy, safety and potential adverse out-comes and to generalize the outcomes.

非编码RNA在肺纤维化过程中的调控作用

背景:截至目前,肺纤维化的发病机制不明,治疗手段或者药物有限。大量研究发现,非编码RNA在肺纤维化的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。目的:综述近年来非编码RNA在肺纤维化发病机制中的调控作用,深入了解肺纤维化的发病机制。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索2000-2024年出版的文献,以“非编码RNA,微小RNA,长链非编码RNA,环状RNA,肺纤维化,综述”等为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方和维普数据库;以“ncRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,Pulmonary fibrosis,review”等为英文检索词检索PubMed数据库,按照入选标准最终共纳入65篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:肺纤维化作为一种慢性且通常致命的肺部疾病,不仅可能自发产生,也可能是其他疾病的继发结果,主要特点是肺部间质中细胞外基质的异常增生和大量积累。非编码RNA是指由基因组转录出来的RNA分子,这些RNA分子并不涉及蛋白质的编码过程,凭借其调节能力已成为各种生物学现象中的一线分子参与者之一。非编码RNA在肺纤维化的发病机制中扮演着关键角色,微小RNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)可以通过影响基因表达、转录后修饰以及细胞间的信号传导,参与到肺纤维化的发展过程中,为后续探索肺纤维化疾病的具体分子发生机制提供了新方向,为研发肺纤维化疾病的新靶向药物提供了理论依据及新思路。

Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke:from brain to periphery

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.

Thematic Trends in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Applied in Cancer-Related Symptoms

Purpose： The main goal of this study is to discover the scientific evolution of Cancer-Related Symptoms in Complementary and Alternative Medicine research area, analyzing the articles indexed in the Web of Science database from 1980 to 2013.Design/Methodology/Approach： A co-word science mapping analysis is performed under a longitudinal framework（1980 to 2013）. The documental corpus is divided into two subperiods,1980–2008 and 2009–2013. Thus, the performance and impact rates, and conceptual evolution of the research field are shown.Findings： According to the results, the co-word analysis allows us to identify 12 main thematic areas in this emerging research field： anxiety, survivors and palliative care,meditation, treatment, symptoms and cancer types, postmenopause, cancer pain, low back pain, herbal medicine, children, depression and insomnia, inflammation mediators, and lymphedema. The different research lines are identified according to the main thematic areas,centered fundamentally on anxiety and suffering prevention. The scientific community can use this information to identify where the interest is focused and make decisions in different ways.Research limitation： Several limitations can be addressed： 1） some of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine therapies may not have been included; 2） only the documents indexed in Web of Science are analyzed; and 3） the thematic areas detected could change if another dataset was considered.Practical implications： The results obtained in the present study could be considered as an evidence-based framework in which future studies could be built.Originality/value： Currently, there are no studies that show the thematic evolution of this research area.

Attitudes and understanding of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer care:An exploratory study of patients’perspectives in Karachi,Pakistan

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)modalities among patients with cancer in Karachi,Pakistan.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021.Five hundred patients with cancer were invited to participate in the study.Electronic databases,namely,Google scholar,Publons,EMBASE,PubMed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,and ResearchGate was used for questionnaire designed.The self-administered survey included questions on demographic characteristics,education level,socio-economic conditions and information about CAM therapies,prevalence,effectiveness,and common CAM modalities.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 22.Results:Out of the 500 invited patients,433(86.6%)successfully completed and returned the questionnaires.In contrast to patients who were with younger,highly educated,professionally active,higher income,and had advanced cancer,time since diagnosis,type of treatment,cancer types and family history are significantly associated with CAM use.The results showed that 59.8%of the participants were acquainted with complementary and/or alternative medicine and considered safe owing to its natural ingredients.The prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients was 40.9%and the most widely used CAM modality was herbal medicine(27.7%)and dietary supplements(28.8%).Patients used CAM as a complementary therapy to improve the morphological parameter(28.2%),strengthen the immune system(6.8%),and to decrease the side effects of conventional treatment(18.1%).Most of the respondents get the information regarding CAM therapy from the electronic media(43.2%)and the family members(48%)rather than healthcare personnel.Conclusions:Participants used CAM modalities along with the conventional health care practices.Further multicentre studies should be conducted to provide information regarding the usage of CAM therapies and their eventual benefits in patients with cancer.

KRT18与mRNA及长链非编码RNA互作调控椎间盘髓核细胞损伤的机制

背景:椎间盘中差异表达的RNA结合蛋白在椎间盘退变中发挥着关键作用,其中RNA结合蛋白KRT18水平的降低与椎间盘退行性病变相关,但其在椎间盘髓核细胞中的具体作用尚未完全确定。目的:探讨KRT18与mRNA及长链非编码RNA结合互作对椎间盘髓核细胞的影响及机制。方法:对因腰部骨折或椎间盘退行性病变而接受椎间融合术的患者进行人体髓核组织取样获得正常髓核细胞和退变髓核细胞,并进行iRIP-seq、功能富集分析以及DNA微阵列分析,随后根据分析结果在髓核细胞中敲低KRT18,通过蛋白免疫印迹及qRt-PCR在蛋白和RNA水平检测相关基因水平的表达。结果与结论:通过iRIP-seq分析发现GUAAUC和AGCCUC序列中存在大量的KRT18结合位点,表明KRT18可参与调控RNA的转录、翻译、稳定性或在细胞信号传导途径中发挥作用。其能够与成熟的mRNA稳定结合,其中表达较高的基因包括CRLF1及IGFBP4等,同时与其结合的长链非编码RNA的峰值基因包括SNHG25、SNHG12、NEAT1、USP32、EIF4A2和CDH4,这些基因多涉及细胞凋亡、炎症等多种生物过程,并且能介导细胞外基质代谢的相关通路,KRT18能够调控它们的稳定性、转运、翻译、剪接等多个方面的功能,进而影响基因的表达和细胞功能。实验结果验证了在髓核细胞中敲低KRT18,细胞外基质代谢水平被抑制出现失衡,导致体外椎间盘退变。该研究首次从KRT18与mRNA及长链非编码RNA结合的角度探讨其调控机制,并推测了KRT18在椎间盘退变发病机制中的潜在功能,为今后KRT18关键功能的研究奠定了基础。

Use of complementary and alternative medicines in people with depression and central obesity: Findings from a Tai Chi and Qigong study

Objective:Depression is a global and growing health issue.Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use is common among people with depression.We examined the baseline use of CAM (products,not services) in centrally obese adults with depression,a specific and increasingly important population who were part of a trial of Tai Chi and Qigong for depression.Methods:Self-reported use of CAM products (four major groups:vitamins,herbal medicines,mineral supplements and purified chemicals as nutritional supplements) together with demographic,lifestyle and health status characteristics were collected using validated questions within a written survey.We used descriptive statistics to understand patterns of use.Results:Two hundred and sixty patients participated in the assessment.Half of the patients stated they were using CAM,on average reporting 2.3 CAM per patient.Women were more likely than men,and older people (>60 years) more likely than younger people (<40 years) to use any CAM products.Patients reported using CAM mostly for general health and alleviating aches and pains.CAM use was not associated with health state,use of a prescription antidepressant medicine,nor (self-reported) comorbidities such as arthritis,diabetes,hypertension or alcohol or tobacco use.Conclusions:CAM products are commonly used in Australians with moderate depression,particularly in female or older patients.The range and number of CAM in this group with common comorbidity may present additional unknown risks due to potential interactions with other prescribed medications with a myriad of biological and pharmacological effects.The importance of establishing whether depressed patients are taking CAM,the particular CAM and whether the CAM interacts with each other,other drugs used for depression or the biological process of the depression itself are factors to be considered at each assessment.

A Review for Existing Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)has always been a frustrating disability for families and no official effective medical interventions has been found to cure this disorder yet.With more attention from the general public both nationally and internationally,more and more families and therapists showed preference to implement complementary and alternative medical(CAM)therapies.This review aims to provide more information about potential CAM that has been applied and their effectiveness.

Usage of complementary and alternative medicine in older adults: prevalence, subtypes and associated factors;a cross-sectional observation

Background:The usage of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)is common in many healthcare settings worldwide.However,the factors associated with CAM usage in older adults and its relation with mood and cognitive function is under-studied.We used a cross-sectional study to explore the 12-month prevalence of usage of CAM among older adults in Singapore and its associated factors including mental health status.Methods:Using a door-to-door census and questionnaire survey,community dwellers aged 60 or above were voluntarily recruited in the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study.Demographic information,usage of CAM in past 12 months,life-style,cognitive and depressive status using Mini-Mental Status Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale were collated from each participant.Results:Out of 4985 participants,2692(54%)used some types of CAM.The most common type of CAM was herbal medicine,followed by Qigong and Acupuncture.The usage of CAM was higher in Chinese females and those with higher educational levels.Having a history of chronic diseases was associated with higher prevalence of CAM use.Usage of CAM was also correlated with higher physical and social activities.No correlation was observed between cognitive or depressive status and the use of CAM.Conclusion:These results show a high prevalence of CAM usage among older adults in Singapore,which should be considered by medical practitioners treating this age group.Additionally,despite higher prevalence of suffering from multiple chronic diseases,the lack of association of CAM usage with poorer performance in mood and cognitive assessments suggests a protective role against depression and cognitive decline for CAM practices.

RNA pull-down联合质谱分析lncRNA HSFAS在增生性瘢痕中的作用及机制

背景:课题组前期研究发现,增生性瘢痕特异性长链非编码RNA HSFAS是一种可用于增生性瘢痕诊断的新型生物标志物,但其如何在增生性瘢痕中发挥作用尚不清楚。目的:探讨长链非编码RNA HSFAS在增生性瘢痕中的作用及机制。方法:临床收集3例行增生性瘢痕组织切除手术患者的新鲜增生性瘢痕皮肤组织和增生性瘢痕旁正常皮肤组织标本,应用免疫荧光技术检测两种皮肤组织冰冻切片中长链非编码RNA HSFAS的表达。应用酶消化法体外分离增生性瘢痕皮肤组织与正常皮肤组织原代成纤维细胞,采用qRT-PCR检测细胞中长链非编码RNA HSFAS mRNA表达,通过RNA pull-down联合质谱技术检测与长链非编码RNA HSFAS相互结合的蛋白,利用GO和KEGG分析长链非编码RNA HSFAS参与增生性瘢痕进展的主要功能和通路,通过catRAPID和RPISeq网站分析确定长链非编码RNA HSFAS与蛋白的靶向结合。结果与结论:①与正常皮肤组织相比,增生性瘢痕组织中的长链非编码RNA HSFAS表达升高(P<0.05);与正常皮肤组织来源成纤维细胞相比,增生性瘢痕组织来源成纤维细胞中长链非编码RNA HSFAS mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);②RNA pull-down联合质谱技术明确与长链非编码RNA HSFAS相互结合的蛋白有510个;GO和KEGG分析结果显示:这些蛋白主要涉及RNA剪接和加工、染色体合成和分离、细胞周期等过程,其中涉及RNA剪接和加工的蛋白有支架附着因子B2和DICER1,并且与长链非编码RNA HSFAS的结合分数较高;生物信息学技术分析验证结果显示,长链非编码RNA HSFAS与支架附着因子B2和DICER1蛋白存在相互结合;③结果显示,长链非编码RNA HSFAS可能通过与支架附着因子B2和DICER1蛋白相互结合调控RNA剪接和加工修饰影响基因表达,从而促进增生性瘢痕的发生发展。

长链非编码RNA在急性肺损伤中的作用及分子调控机制研究进展

急性肺损伤(ALI)是临床上常见的危重症之一。长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度超过200个核苷酸的非蛋白质编码RNA,在染色质形成、转录和转录后翻译等基因表达水平直接或间接参与ALI的发生发展。lncRNA核富集丰富转录物1、lncRNA HOX转录反义基因间RNA及lncRNA牛磺酸上调1等lncRNA可作为竞争性内源RNA,与miR-26a-5p、miR-17-5p及miR-34b-5p等微小RNA结合,调节Wnt1诱导的信号通路蛋白1、Rho关联含卷曲螺旋结合蛋白激酶1蛋白及自噬相关蛋白等下游相关蛋白的表达,参与ALI的发生发展。LncRNA可能通过调控DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰,在表观遗传水平参与ALI的发生发展;L通过组装转录激活因子和抑制因子,调节白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-17、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3/9等蛋白质的转录,在转录水平参与ALI的发生发展;与多种RNA结合蛋白相互作用,在转录后水平调控ALI的发生发展。

外泌体来源非编码RNA对骨关节炎微环境的作用及临床应用进展

背景:骨关节炎是一种常见的关节退行性疾病,其发生发展的病因学机制尚不清楚。早期骨关节炎的及时诊治十分重要,目前尚无确切有效的方法。外泌体来源广泛,其中包含非编码RNA(Non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs),如微小RNAs、环状RNAs和长链非编码RNAs。外泌体ncRNAs可直接从原始细胞递送至邻近或远程细胞,通过细胞间通讯调节细胞活性,在重塑骨关节微环境中具有重要的调控作用。目的:总结外泌体来源ncRNAs对骨关节炎关节内微环境的干预作用,以及在临床应用中取得的进展,阐明其在骨关节炎诊治方面的潜力。方法:以“exosomes,non-coding RNA,osteoarthritis,application,signal pathway,synovial fluid,cartilage cells,cartilage matrix,subchondral bone,mechanism”为检索词在PubMed数据库中进行检索,最终纳入66篇相关文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①外泌体来源ncRNAs在骨关节炎的发病过程中对关节内微环境具有重要调控作用,主要体现在外泌体ncRNAs调控关节内炎症反应、软骨细胞及软骨基质的退化,软骨下骨重塑和细胞间通讯。②外泌体中的ncRNAs可以作为骨关节炎的生物标志物,帮助骨关节炎的早期诊断和监测疾病进展与预后。③外泌体ncRNAs可作为骨关节炎的治疗靶点,外泌体携带miRNAs递送到关节的软骨细胞及软骨基质,发挥调控作用。④外泌体ncRNAs可以通过调控基因表达、促进细胞间通讯,提高软骨组织工程的效果,修复或再生受损软骨。⑤未来研究者应继续发掘外泌体来源ncRNAs对骨关节炎的干预机制,并可结合最新软骨组织工程的研究成果应用到临床之中,这将有效帮助解决骨关节炎患者的病痛。

肾病综合征病人血清lncRNA ANRIL和BDNF水平变化与血栓栓塞的相关性分析

目的探究肾病综合征(NS)病人血清长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)细胞周期激酶抑制因子4基因座中反义非编码RNA(ANRIL)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平变化与血栓栓塞(TE)的相关性。方法选取2019年3月至2021年12月在承德市中心医院住院治疗的220例NS病人为研究对象,根据随访结果将其分为NS组118例和TE组102例,另外选取同期体检健康者100例为对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)测定研究对象血清lncRNA ANRIL水平;采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测研究对象血清BDNF水平;使用全自动生化分析仪检测相关生化指标;采用Pearson相关性分析血清lncRNA ANRIL、BDNF水平与生化指标相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析NS病人发生TE的影响因素;采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析血清lncRNA ANRIL、BDNF在预测NS病人发生TE中的价值。结果与对照组相比较,NS组、TE组血清lncRNA ANRIL水平显著升高(2.54±0.43比5.82±1.34、8.35±2.17),BDNF水平显著降低[(32.77±8.25)μg/L比(24.49±4.58)μg/L、(18.63±3.62)μg/L](P<0.05);与NS组相比较,TE组血清lncRNA ANRIL水平显著升高,BDNF水平显著降低(P<0.05);对照组、NS组、TE组三组的尿酸、血肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、血尿素氮、尿蛋白水平呈逐渐升高趋势,血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平呈逐渐降低趋势(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,NS合并TE病人血清lncRNA ANRIL水平与尿酸、血肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、血尿素氮、尿蛋白水平呈正相关,与血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平呈负相关(P<0.05);NS合并TE病人血清BDNF水平与尿酸、血肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、血尿素氮、尿蛋白水平呈负相关,与血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,lncRNA ANRIL、尿蛋白和BDNF是NS病人发生TE的影响因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,血清lncRNA ANRIL、BDNF预测NS病人发生TE的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.84、0.85,两者联合预测的AUC为0.92,高于lncRNA ANRIL、BDNF单独检测,特异度为83.05%,灵敏度为88.24%。结论NS伴TE病人中血清lncRNA ANRIL水平升高,BDNF水平降低,二者对NS病人发生TE具有一定的预测价值。

RNA结构对RNA沉默效率的影响

小RNA(small RNA,sRNA)介导的RNA沉默或RNA干扰(RNA silencing or RNA interference,RNAi)是真核生物基因表达调控的保守机制。内源或外源双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)被加工成sRNA,sRNA通过碱基互补配对识别靶标基因mRNA或DNA,通过降解mRNA、抑制翻译或者DNA甲基化在转录后或者转录水平调控基因表达。由于sRNA作用靶标特异性,RNAi技术被广泛地应用于基因功能研究、生物医药、作物分子设计育种以及开发新型农药等领域。自然界中sRNA能够在不同物种间传递并发挥作用,这一现象为RNAi应用技术的开发提供了理论基础。研究发现,dsRNA诱导RNAi的效率受多种因素影响,例如长度、剂量以及施用方式等。在细胞中,RNA结构的复杂性决定了其功能的多样性。本文概述了基于RNAi的作物病害防控技术的原理,包括宿主诱导的基因沉默(host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)技术、喷施诱导的基因沉默(spray-induced gene silencing,SIGS)技术和微生物诱导的基因沉默(microbe-induced gene silencing,MIGS)技术;总结了靶标RNA和sRNA结构影响RNAi效率的实验证据,以期加深对RNA结构影响RNAi效率地理解,为靶标筛选以及dsRNA设计提供经验,为开发高效RNAi技术提供参考;最后归纳了RNA结构检测和预测的代表性方法,为辅助设计高效诱导RNAi的dsRNA提供方法。

小细胞外囊泡及其携带的非编码RNA在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的作用

小细胞外囊泡(small extracellular vesicles,sEVs)是由细胞分泌的一种细胞外囊泡,产生于多泡体,多泡体与质膜融合并释放到细胞外基质。由于小细胞外囊泡可以携带分子质量相对较小的核酸、蛋白质、脂质,能够执行细胞间物质传递、细胞间通讯等功能。因此,小细胞外囊泡及其携带的非编码RNA不仅参与细胞正常生理过程,也可以在多种疾病的发生发展过程中起重要作用。本文综述了小细胞外囊泡在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)中的作用,小细胞外囊泡及其携带的非编码RNA不仅有望成为NAFLD诊断的标志物,同时也具有治疗NAFLD的潜在作用,或能为治疗NAFLD提供新思路。

非编码RNA在颞下颌关节炎中的研究进展

颞下颌关节炎(temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,TMJOA)是一种临床常见疾病,但发病机制尚不明确且缺乏有效的治疗手段,给患者带来很大困扰。因此,探究TMJOA的发病机制,寻找有效的治疗方法具有重要意义。近年来的研究表明,非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA)参与调控TMJOA的发生、发展,在其诊断和治疗方面具有巨大潜力,因此有望成为新的诊断标志物和治疗靶标。本文将对ncRNA在TMJOA中的研究进展作一综述。

细胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA调控破骨细胞的活化

背景:目前已证明破骨细胞活化在骨骼系统相关疾病中发挥着重要的作用,胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA调控破骨细胞活化的机制仍未完全阐明。目的:阅读并总结国内外相关文献,按细胞外囊泡中不同的非编码RNA在不同疾病中调控破骨细胞活化进行综述,为后续研究提供一定的方向。方法:以“非编码RNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,snoRNA,破骨细胞,细胞外囊泡,外泌体,膜微粒,凋亡小体”为检索词检索中国知网、万方、维普等数据库,以“extracellular vesicles,exosome,microparticle,apoptotic bodies,non-coding RNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,snoRNA,osteoclast”为检索词检索Pub Med等数据库,最终纳入71篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)破骨细胞的活化受多种因素影响,其中非编码RNA调控破骨细胞活化的具体机制尚未明确。(2)细胞外囊泡可以由成骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、肿瘤细胞等多种细胞分泌,作为细胞间通讯的一种载体,能够携带非编码RNA对破骨细胞活化进行调控。(3)目前关于细胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA调控破骨细胞活化的疾病研究中,多数为骨质疏松,其次为肿瘤骨转移,而非编码RNA的种类又以mi RNA最多。(4)细胞外囊泡携带长链非编码RNA、环状RNA及核仁小RNA调控破骨细胞活化的相关研究相对较少,其调控机制主要为竞争性内源RNA机制。(5)综上,深入研究细胞外囊泡携带非编码RNA对破骨细胞活化的调控机制,有助于找到治疗骨骼系统相关疾病的关键靶点。

非编码小RNA在口腔黏膜下纤维性变中的研究进展

口腔黏膜下纤维性变(oral submucous fibrosis,OSF)是口腔黏膜最常见的癌前病变之一,其发病机制至今尚未完全阐明。非编码小RNA(small non-coding RNAs,SncRNAs)是一类不编码蛋白质的RNA分子,已被广泛报道参与多种人类疾病的调控。越来越多的研究表明多种SncRNAs在OSF发病过程中发挥重要作用。现有研究表明,微RNA(microRNAs,miRNAs)通过调控相关转录因子和基因表达或上皮间充质转化来调控成纤维细胞(fbroblasts,FB)活化而参与OSF疾病进展;长非编码RNA(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)通过调控转化生长因子-β/母体抗瘫抑制因子(transforming growth factor-β/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic,TGF-β/Smad)信号通路或与miRNA相互作用参与OSF的发生发展;环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)通过与miRNA相互作用在OSF中发挥作用;tRNA衍生的小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNAs,tsRNAs)参与多种纤维化疾病的进展,但其在OSF中的具体作用机制仍需进一步探索。未来仍需重点关注SncRNAs介导OSF进展的作用靶点,探究其对OSF的作用功能及分子机制,以期为诊断和治疗OSF提供新思路。

AAV-mediated expression of p65shRNA and bone morphogenetic protein 4 synergistically enhances chondrocyte regeneration

BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.

环状RNA circ-SLAIN2在急性心肌炎患者血清中表达及对心肌细胞活性的影响

目的:观察环状RNA(circRNA)circ-SLAIN2在急性心肌炎患者血清中的表达,探讨circ-SLAIN2对心肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法:收集35例急性心肌炎患者血清标本,另选取35例体检健康者为对照,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测血清中circ-SLAIN2表达量。选取人心肌细胞系HCM,分别感染空载慢病毒(对照组)或载有circ-SLAIN2序列的慢病毒(circ-SLAIN2组)。qRT-PCR检测circ-SLAIN2过表达效率。分别采用脂多糖诱导心肌炎,采用细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)法和流式细胞术检测过表达circ-SLAIN2对人心肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。LncBase v.2、Linc2GO、LNCipedia、miRcode在线数据库和双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析circ-SLAIN2和微小RNA-429(miR-429)的靶向关系。qRT-PCR检测miR-429表达水平。蛋白质印迹(Western blot)法检测丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(p38MAPK)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:急性心肌炎患者血清中circ-SLAIN2表达较体检健康者显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,circ-SLAIN2组HCM细胞中circ-SLAIN2表达显著上升(P<0.01)。经过脂多糖处理36 h后,circ-SLAIN2组HCM细胞增殖吸光度明显高于对照组(P<0.01),circ-SLAIN2组HCM细胞凋亡率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。circ-SLAIN2能够靶向结合miR-429。与对照组比较,circ-SLAIN2组HCM细胞中miR-429表达显著降低(P<0.01),p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01),细胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、Bcl-2相关K蛋白(Bak)表达量降低(均P<0.01)。结论:circ-SLAIN2在急性心肌炎患者血清中低表达,过表达circ-SLAIN2通过负向调节miR-429表达,增强心肌细胞的活性并抑制细胞的凋亡。