In today’s information society,image encryption technology is crucial to protecting Internet security.However,traditional image encryption algorithms have problems such as insufficient chaotic characteristics,insuffi...In today’s information society,image encryption technology is crucial to protecting Internet security.However,traditional image encryption algorithms have problems such as insufficient chaotic characteristics,insufficient randomness of keys,and insecure Ribonucleic Acid(RNA)encoding.To address these issues,a chaos-RNA encryption scheme that combines chaotic maps and RNA encoding was proposed in this research.The initial values and parameters of the chaotic system are first generated using the Secure Hash Algorithm 384(SHA-384)function and the plaintext image.Next,the Lühyperchaotic system sequence was introduced to change the image’s pixel values to realize block scrambling,and further disturbance is achieved through spiral index sequence to enhance encryption effectiveness.Subsequently,to obtain the final encrypted image,the diffusion is accomplished through different RNA encoding rules and operation rules corresponding to the chaotic sequence generated by an improved one-dimensional chaotic map(1DCM).Here innovatively propose four new RNA operation rules,increasing the difficulty of decryption.Simulation results demonstrate that the normalized pixel change rate(NPCR)and the unified average changed intensity(UACI)values of the tested encrypted images were 99.61%and 33.46%,respectively.The average ciphertext entropy value in the Red Green Blue(RGB)channels were 7.9986,7.991,and 7.991.Furthermore,this algorithm exhibits a low correlation coefficient and enhanced robustness.This encryption method effectively improves the security and reliability of image encryption compared to other similar techniques.展开更多
In higher plants, the chloroplast is the most important organelle for photosynthesis and for numerous essential metabolic processes in the cell. Although many genes involved in chloroplast development have been identi...In higher plants, the chloroplast is the most important organelle for photosynthesis and for numerous essential metabolic processes in the cell. Although many genes involved in chloroplast development have been identified, the mechanisms underlying such development are not fully understood. In this study, a rice(Oryza sativa) mutant exhibiting pale green color and seedling lethality was isolated from a mutant library. The mutated gene was identified as an ortholog of THA8(thylakoid assembly 8) in Arabidopsis and maize. This gene is designated as OsTHA8 hereafter. OsTHA8 showed a typical pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) characteristic of only four PPR motifs. Inactivation of OsTHA8 led to a deficiency in chloroplast development in the rice seedling stage. OsTHA8 was expressed mainly in young leaves and leaf sheaths.The OsTHA8 protein was localized to the chloroplast. Loss of function of OsTHA8 weakened the editing efficiency of ndhB-611/737 and rps8-182 transcripts under normal conditions. Y2H and BiFC indicated that OsTHA8 facilitates RNA editing by forming an editosome with multiple organellar RNA editing factor(OsMORF8) and thioredoxin z(OsTRXz), which function in RNA editing in rice chloroplasts. Defective OsTHA8 impaired chloroplast ribosome assembly and resulted in reduced expression of PEP-dependent genes and photosynthesis-related genes. Abnormal splicing of the chloroplast gene ycf3 was detected in ostha8. These findings reveal a synergistic regulatory mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis mediated by RNA, broaden the function of the PPR family, and shed light on the RNA editing complex in rice.展开更多
Photosynthesis occurs mainly in chloroplasts,whose development is regulated by proteins encoded by nuclear genes.Among them,pentapeptide repeat(PPR)proteins participate in organelle RNA editing.Although there are more...Photosynthesis occurs mainly in chloroplasts,whose development is regulated by proteins encoded by nuclear genes.Among them,pentapeptide repeat(PPR)proteins participate in organelle RNA editing.Although there are more than 450 members of the PPR protein family in rice,only a few affect RNA editing in rice chloroplasts.Gene editing technology has created new rice germplasm and mutants,which could be used for rice breeding and gene function study.This study evaluated the functions of OsPPR9 in chloroplast RNA editing in rice.The osppr9 mutants were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9,which showed yellowing leaves and a lethal phenotype,with suppressed expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and accumulation of photosynthetic-related proteins.In addition,loss of OsPPR9 protein function reduces the editing efficiency of rps8-C182,rpoC2-C4106,rps14-C80,and ndhB-C611 RNA editing sites,which affects chloroplast growth and development in rice.Our data showed that OsPPR9 is highly expressed in rice leaves and encodes a DYW-PPR protein localized in chloroplasts.Besides,the OsPPR9 protein was shown to interact with OsMORF2 and OsMORF9.Together,our findings provide insights into the role of the PPR protein in regulating chloroplast development in rice.展开更多
目的探讨长链非编码RNA EPB41L4A-AS1通过AKT调控子宫颈癌细胞自噬的作用和机制。方法运用小干扰RNA(siRNA)敲低子宫颈癌细胞HeLa中的EPB41L4A-AS1后,应用Western blot技术检测p62、LC3和AKT的蛋白表达水平,qRT-PCR检测AKT1和AKT2的mRN...目的探讨长链非编码RNA EPB41L4A-AS1通过AKT调控子宫颈癌细胞自噬的作用和机制。方法运用小干扰RNA(siRNA)敲低子宫颈癌细胞HeLa中的EPB41L4A-AS1后,应用Western blot技术检测p62、LC3和AKT的蛋白表达水平,qRT-PCR检测AKT1和AKT2的mRNA表达水平。在GFP-LC3稳定过表达的HeLa细胞中转染siEPB41L4A-AS1,利用共聚焦扫描显微镜检测外源性LC3形成的自噬小体的变化。在HeLa细胞中转染siEPB41L4A-AS1,利用免疫荧光技术和荧光显微镜检测内源性LC3形成的自噬小体的变化。基因集富集(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)分析AKT和自噬通路在EPB41L4A-AS1高表达组和低表达组子宫颈癌患者中的富集情况。结果与对照组相比,敲低EPB41L4A-AS148 h后HeLa细胞中p62表达水平显著下降(10%血清组:1.00±0 vs 0.39±0.17,无血清组:1.00±0 vs 0.55±0.14,P<0.05);LC3-Ⅱ与LC3-Ⅰ比值显著上升(10%血清组:1.00±0 vs 1.92±0.19,无血清组:1.00±0 vs 14.35±3.89,P<0.05);AKT1的mRNA(P<0.01)和蛋白(1.00±0 vs 1.82±0.14,P<0.01)水平均显著上调。GFP-LC3稳定过表达的HeLa细胞和未经处理的HeLa细胞在敲低EPB41L4A-AS1后,细胞内自噬小体的数量显著增多(P<0.05),且体积增大(P<0.05)。GSEA分析发现AKT和自噬通路在EPB41L4A-AS1低表达组子宫颈癌患者中显著富集。结论EPB41L4A-AS1可能通过AKT抑制子宫颈癌细胞的自噬水平。展开更多
文摘目的探讨长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)核富集转录体1(nuclera-enriched autosomaltranscript,NEAT1)在视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,Rb)患儿血清中表达,以及下调Rb细胞Y79中NEAT1对细胞生物学功能的影响。方法以2015年3月~2021年3月鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院诊疗的83例Rb患儿为研究对象,同期,在儿童保健中心选取健康儿童50例(对照组),实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测血清中NEAT1表达,分析Rb患儿和对照组血清NEAT1表达差异,以及不同临床指标Rb患者血清中NEAT1表达差异。培养Y79细胞并分为si-NEAT1组(转染NEAT1的干扰序列)、si-NC组(转染对照序列)和Ctl组(仅加入转染试剂),分别使用qRT-PCR,MTT,流式细胞术和Transwell检测NEAT1表达、细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭情况。结果Rb患儿血清中NEAT1表达量(1.43±0.28)高于对照组(1.01±0.21),差异具有统计学意义(t=9.116,P<0.001);国际视网膜母细胞瘤分期(Intraocular International Retinoblastoma classificaton,IIRC)CDE期、低分化、视神经浸润和淋巴结转移的Rb患儿血清中NEAT1表达量明显高于AB期、中高分化、未发生视神经浸润和淋巴结转移的Rb患儿,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.190~3.693,均P<0.05);血清中NEAT1表达诊断Rb曲线下面积为0.882(95%CI:0.826~0.937),当NEAT1表达量取1.20时,灵敏度和特异度分别为80.00%和79.52%;相比于si-NC组(1.03±0.09)和Ctl组(1.02±0.15),si-NEAT1组细胞中NEAT1表达(0.35±0.06)明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=14.829,9.994,均P<0.001);si-NEAT1组24,48,72和96 h时吸光度(A值)明显低于si-NC组和Ctl组(tsi-NC=2.796~4.362,tCtl=2.641~5.555,均P<0.05),而细胞凋亡率相比于si-NC组和Ctl组明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.999,3.915,均P<0.05);与si-NC组和Ctl组比较,si-NEAT1组迁移细胞数(116.50±9.35 vs 132.00±7.32,134.00±7.95)和侵袭细胞数(96.33±8.94 vs 117.67±12.39,119.17±10.05)均降低,差异具有统计学意义(tsi-NC=3.196,3.421,tCtl=3.492,4.159,均P<0.05)。结论Rb患儿血清中NEAT1表达量升高,对Rb患儿具有一定的诊断价值,沉默Y79细胞中NEAT1表达可减少Rb细胞增殖、加速细胞凋亡,同时抑制细胞迁移和侵袭。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62105004in part by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mine under the Grant(SKLMRDPC19KF10).
文摘In today’s information society,image encryption technology is crucial to protecting Internet security.However,traditional image encryption algorithms have problems such as insufficient chaotic characteristics,insufficient randomness of keys,and insecure Ribonucleic Acid(RNA)encoding.To address these issues,a chaos-RNA encryption scheme that combines chaotic maps and RNA encoding was proposed in this research.The initial values and parameters of the chaotic system are first generated using the Secure Hash Algorithm 384(SHA-384)function and the plaintext image.Next,the Lühyperchaotic system sequence was introduced to change the image’s pixel values to realize block scrambling,and further disturbance is achieved through spiral index sequence to enhance encryption effectiveness.Subsequently,to obtain the final encrypted image,the diffusion is accomplished through different RNA encoding rules and operation rules corresponding to the chaotic sequence generated by an improved one-dimensional chaotic map(1DCM).Here innovatively propose four new RNA operation rules,increasing the difficulty of decryption.Simulation results demonstrate that the normalized pixel change rate(NPCR)and the unified average changed intensity(UACI)values of the tested encrypted images were 99.61%and 33.46%,respectively.The average ciphertext entropy value in the Red Green Blue(RGB)channels were 7.9986,7.991,and 7.991.Furthermore,this algorithm exhibits a low correlation coefficient and enhanced robustness.This encryption method effectively improves the security and reliability of image encryption compared to other similar techniques.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2021208014)the Key R&D Program of Hebei Province (22326312D, 21326332D)。
文摘In higher plants, the chloroplast is the most important organelle for photosynthesis and for numerous essential metabolic processes in the cell. Although many genes involved in chloroplast development have been identified, the mechanisms underlying such development are not fully understood. In this study, a rice(Oryza sativa) mutant exhibiting pale green color and seedling lethality was isolated from a mutant library. The mutated gene was identified as an ortholog of THA8(thylakoid assembly 8) in Arabidopsis and maize. This gene is designated as OsTHA8 hereafter. OsTHA8 showed a typical pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) characteristic of only four PPR motifs. Inactivation of OsTHA8 led to a deficiency in chloroplast development in the rice seedling stage. OsTHA8 was expressed mainly in young leaves and leaf sheaths.The OsTHA8 protein was localized to the chloroplast. Loss of function of OsTHA8 weakened the editing efficiency of ndhB-611/737 and rps8-182 transcripts under normal conditions. Y2H and BiFC indicated that OsTHA8 facilitates RNA editing by forming an editosome with multiple organellar RNA editing factor(OsMORF8) and thioredoxin z(OsTRXz), which function in RNA editing in rice chloroplasts. Defective OsTHA8 impaired chloroplast ribosome assembly and resulted in reduced expression of PEP-dependent genes and photosynthesis-related genes. Abnormal splicing of the chloroplast gene ycf3 was detected in ostha8. These findings reveal a synergistic regulatory mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis mediated by RNA, broaden the function of the PPR family, and shed light on the RNA editing complex in rice.
基金funded by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202111 and CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202110)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP)+1 种基金the Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China(2020ZZKT10205)the Key Research and Development Project of China Rice Research Institute(CNRRI-2020-01)。
文摘Photosynthesis occurs mainly in chloroplasts,whose development is regulated by proteins encoded by nuclear genes.Among them,pentapeptide repeat(PPR)proteins participate in organelle RNA editing.Although there are more than 450 members of the PPR protein family in rice,only a few affect RNA editing in rice chloroplasts.Gene editing technology has created new rice germplasm and mutants,which could be used for rice breeding and gene function study.This study evaluated the functions of OsPPR9 in chloroplast RNA editing in rice.The osppr9 mutants were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9,which showed yellowing leaves and a lethal phenotype,with suppressed expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and accumulation of photosynthetic-related proteins.In addition,loss of OsPPR9 protein function reduces the editing efficiency of rps8-C182,rpoC2-C4106,rps14-C80,and ndhB-C611 RNA editing sites,which affects chloroplast growth and development in rice.Our data showed that OsPPR9 is highly expressed in rice leaves and encodes a DYW-PPR protein localized in chloroplasts.Besides,the OsPPR9 protein was shown to interact with OsMORF2 and OsMORF9.Together,our findings provide insights into the role of the PPR protein in regulating chloroplast development in rice.
文摘目的探讨长链非编码RNA EPB41L4A-AS1通过AKT调控子宫颈癌细胞自噬的作用和机制。方法运用小干扰RNA(siRNA)敲低子宫颈癌细胞HeLa中的EPB41L4A-AS1后,应用Western blot技术检测p62、LC3和AKT的蛋白表达水平,qRT-PCR检测AKT1和AKT2的mRNA表达水平。在GFP-LC3稳定过表达的HeLa细胞中转染siEPB41L4A-AS1,利用共聚焦扫描显微镜检测外源性LC3形成的自噬小体的变化。在HeLa细胞中转染siEPB41L4A-AS1,利用免疫荧光技术和荧光显微镜检测内源性LC3形成的自噬小体的变化。基因集富集(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)分析AKT和自噬通路在EPB41L4A-AS1高表达组和低表达组子宫颈癌患者中的富集情况。结果与对照组相比,敲低EPB41L4A-AS148 h后HeLa细胞中p62表达水平显著下降(10%血清组:1.00±0 vs 0.39±0.17,无血清组:1.00±0 vs 0.55±0.14,P<0.05);LC3-Ⅱ与LC3-Ⅰ比值显著上升(10%血清组:1.00±0 vs 1.92±0.19,无血清组:1.00±0 vs 14.35±3.89,P<0.05);AKT1的mRNA(P<0.01)和蛋白(1.00±0 vs 1.82±0.14,P<0.01)水平均显著上调。GFP-LC3稳定过表达的HeLa细胞和未经处理的HeLa细胞在敲低EPB41L4A-AS1后,细胞内自噬小体的数量显著增多(P<0.05),且体积增大(P<0.05)。GSEA分析发现AKT和自噬通路在EPB41L4A-AS1低表达组子宫颈癌患者中显著富集。结论EPB41L4A-AS1可能通过AKT抑制子宫颈癌细胞的自噬水平。
