The QR Code is a 2 dimensional matrix code with high error correction capability. It employs RS codes to generate error correction codewords in encoding and recover errors and damages in decoding. This paper presents ...The QR Code is a 2 dimensional matrix code with high error correction capability. It employs RS codes to generate error correction codewords in encoding and recover errors and damages in decoding. This paper presents several QR Code’s virtues, analyzes RS decoding algorithm and gives a software flow chart of decoding the QR Code with RS decoding algorithm.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a packet-interleaving scheme (PIS) for increasing packet reliability under burst errors in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In a WSN, packet errors could occur due to weak signal strength or i...In this paper, we propose a packet-interleaving scheme (PIS) for increasing packet reliability under burst errors in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In a WSN, packet errors could occur due to weak signal strength or interference. These erroneous packets have to be retransmitted, which will increase network load substantially. The proposed PIS, encoding data using Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, can classify data into two different types: high-reliability-required (HRR) data and non-HRR data. An HRR packet is encoded with a short RS symbol, while a non-HRR packet with a long RS symbol. When an HRR and a non-HRR packet arrive at a sensor, they are interleaved on a symbol-by-symbol basis. Thus, the effect of burst errors (BE) is dispersed and consequently the uncorrectable HRR packets can be reduced. For the purpose of evaluation, two models, the uniform bit-error model (UBEM) and the on-off bit-error model (OBEM), are built to analyze the packet uncorrectable probability. In the evaluation, we first change the lengths of BE, then we vary the shift positions in a BE period, and finally we increase the number of correctable symbols to observe the superiority of the proposed PIS in reducing packet uncorrectable probability.展开更多
In this paper,a novel dual-metric,the maximum and minimum Squared Euclidean Distance Increment (SEDI) brought by changing the hard decision symbol,is introduced to measure the reli-ability of the received M-ary Phase ...In this paper,a novel dual-metric,the maximum and minimum Squared Euclidean Distance Increment (SEDI) brought by changing the hard decision symbol,is introduced to measure the reli-ability of the received M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) symbols over a Rayleigh fading channel. Based on the dual-metric,a Chase-type soft decoding algorithm,which is called erased-Chase algorithm,is developed for Reed-Solomon (RS) coded MPSK schemes. The proposed algorithm treats the unre-liable symbols with small maximum SEDI as erasures,and tests the non-erased unreliable symbols with small minimum SEDI as the Chase-2 algorithm does. By introducing optimality test into the decoding procedure,much more reduction in the decoding complexity can be achieved. Simulation results of the RS(63,42,22)-coded 8-PSK scheme over a Rayleigh fading channel show that the proposed algorithm provides a very efficient tradeoff between the decoding complexity and the error performance. Finally,an adaptive scheme for the number of erasures is introduced into the decoding algorithm.展开更多
为解决里所(Reed-solomon,RS)编码的低功耗设计,从系统架构、RTL级、门级等不同设计层级进行分析,并在专用集成电路(Application specific integrated circuit,ASIC)设计中加以实践。基于低功耗设计将前端RTL级设计与后端IC设计结合起来...为解决里所(Reed-solomon,RS)编码的低功耗设计,从系统架构、RTL级、门级等不同设计层级进行分析,并在专用集成电路(Application specific integrated circuit,ASIC)设计中加以实践。基于低功耗设计将前端RTL级设计与后端IC设计结合起来,研究能实现RS编码功能的芯片。在系统架构层,针对RS编码算法中伽罗华域的乘法运算在硬件实现时存在数据运算量大、消耗功耗大等问题,提出基于乘法器因子矩阵的方法对RS编码算法进行优化,通过将乘法运算转化为减法运算等方式减少数据运算量,从而降低功耗。在RTL级和门级层面,分别在逻辑综合和后端实现中加以约束来实现低功耗设计,总体功耗可以降低60%左右。解决了因IC芯片功耗过高导致芯片性能下降,从而影响芯片正常工作等问题,为集成电路工艺提供了新的发展方向。展开更多
针对实际工程应用中的里德-所罗门(Reed-Solomon,RS)编码识别问题,根据国际空间数据系统咨询委员会(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,CCSDS)标准,提出了基于软信息的低复杂度缩短交织RS编码识别算法。利用码字同步算法...针对实际工程应用中的里德-所罗门(Reed-Solomon,RS)编码识别问题,根据国际空间数据系统咨询委员会(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,CCSDS)标准,提出了基于软信息的低复杂度缩短交织RS编码识别算法。利用码字同步算法对码字起点和缩短长度进行识别,利用接收到的RS码字计算基于校正子后验概率对数似然比平均值的编码识别特征,对码字的交织深度进行识别;进而利用识别所得的RS码交织深度和缩短长度对接收码字进行解交织和码字填充,识别RS码生成多项式。仿真结果表明,所提算法在信噪比为6.1 dB时正确识别概率即可大于90%,相较传统硬判决识别算法和基于伽罗华域快速傅里叶变换(Galois Field Fourier Transform,GFFT)的谱累积量算法均有显著的性能提升。展开更多
为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根...为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根据湍流信道的特点,推导出基于H-PPM的可见光通信系统未编码时与RS(Reed-Solomon)码纠错后的误时隙率公式。数值仿真曲线证明,当系统误码率为10-10时,RS(15,7)纠错码可以提高约18dB的编码增益。由此可得,采取H-PPM调制和RS编码相结合可提高信号的质量,更有利于复杂交通环境下的可见光通信。展开更多
提出了一种RS码的快速盲识别方法。该方法基于RS码的等效二进制分组码的循环移位特性,通过欧几里德算法计算循环移位前后码字的最大公约式,根据最大公约式指数的相关性来估计码长,并快速剔除含错码字,进而利用伽罗华域的傅里叶变换(Galo...提出了一种RS码的快速盲识别方法。该方法基于RS码的等效二进制分组码的循环移位特性,通过欧几里德算法计算循环移位前后码字的最大公约式,根据最大公约式指数的相关性来估计码长,并快速剔除含错码字,进而利用伽罗华域的傅里叶变换(Galois Field Fourier Transform,GFFT)实现RS码的本原多项式和生成多项式的识别。仿真结果表明,该算法复杂度低,计算量小,在误码率为10-3的情况下,对RS码的识别概率高于90%。展开更多
文摘The QR Code is a 2 dimensional matrix code with high error correction capability. It employs RS codes to generate error correction codewords in encoding and recover errors and damages in decoding. This paper presents several QR Code’s virtues, analyzes RS decoding algorithm and gives a software flow chart of decoding the QR Code with RS decoding algorithm.
文摘In this paper, we propose a packet-interleaving scheme (PIS) for increasing packet reliability under burst errors in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In a WSN, packet errors could occur due to weak signal strength or interference. These erroneous packets have to be retransmitted, which will increase network load substantially. The proposed PIS, encoding data using Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, can classify data into two different types: high-reliability-required (HRR) data and non-HRR data. An HRR packet is encoded with a short RS symbol, while a non-HRR packet with a long RS symbol. When an HRR and a non-HRR packet arrive at a sensor, they are interleaved on a symbol-by-symbol basis. Thus, the effect of burst errors (BE) is dispersed and consequently the uncorrectable HRR packets can be reduced. For the purpose of evaluation, two models, the uniform bit-error model (UBEM) and the on-off bit-error model (OBEM), are built to analyze the packet uncorrectable probability. In the evaluation, we first change the lengths of BE, then we vary the shift positions in a BE period, and finally we increase the number of correctable symbols to observe the superiority of the proposed PIS in reducing packet uncorrectable probability.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60272057).
文摘In this paper,a novel dual-metric,the maximum and minimum Squared Euclidean Distance Increment (SEDI) brought by changing the hard decision symbol,is introduced to measure the reli-ability of the received M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) symbols over a Rayleigh fading channel. Based on the dual-metric,a Chase-type soft decoding algorithm,which is called erased-Chase algorithm,is developed for Reed-Solomon (RS) coded MPSK schemes. The proposed algorithm treats the unre-liable symbols with small maximum SEDI as erasures,and tests the non-erased unreliable symbols with small minimum SEDI as the Chase-2 algorithm does. By introducing optimality test into the decoding procedure,much more reduction in the decoding complexity can be achieved. Simulation results of the RS(63,42,22)-coded 8-PSK scheme over a Rayleigh fading channel show that the proposed algorithm provides a very efficient tradeoff between the decoding complexity and the error performance. Finally,an adaptive scheme for the number of erasures is introduced into the decoding algorithm.
文摘为解决里所(Reed-solomon,RS)编码的低功耗设计,从系统架构、RTL级、门级等不同设计层级进行分析,并在专用集成电路(Application specific integrated circuit,ASIC)设计中加以实践。基于低功耗设计将前端RTL级设计与后端IC设计结合起来,研究能实现RS编码功能的芯片。在系统架构层,针对RS编码算法中伽罗华域的乘法运算在硬件实现时存在数据运算量大、消耗功耗大等问题,提出基于乘法器因子矩阵的方法对RS编码算法进行优化,通过将乘法运算转化为减法运算等方式减少数据运算量,从而降低功耗。在RTL级和门级层面,分别在逻辑综合和后端实现中加以约束来实现低功耗设计,总体功耗可以降低60%左右。解决了因IC芯片功耗过高导致芯片性能下降,从而影响芯片正常工作等问题,为集成电路工艺提供了新的发展方向。
文摘针对实际工程应用中的里德-所罗门(Reed-Solomon,RS)编码识别问题,根据国际空间数据系统咨询委员会(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,CCSDS)标准,提出了基于软信息的低复杂度缩短交织RS编码识别算法。利用码字同步算法对码字起点和缩短长度进行识别,利用接收到的RS码字计算基于校正子后验概率对数似然比平均值的编码识别特征,对码字的交织深度进行识别;进而利用识别所得的RS码交织深度和缩短长度对接收码字进行解交织和码字填充,识别RS码生成多项式。仿真结果表明,所提算法在信噪比为6.1 dB时正确识别概率即可大于90%,相较传统硬判决识别算法和基于伽罗华域快速傅里叶变换(Galois Field Fourier Transform,GFFT)的谱累积量算法均有显著的性能提升。
文摘为了改善复杂交通环境下湍流信道的光强闪烁对信号的影响,研究了大气湍流光强闪烁的系统模型,并且针对PPM和DPIM等调制方法存在的问题,提出一种新型的无线光通信调制方法——头脉冲位置调制(head pulse position modulation,H-PPM)。根据湍流信道的特点,推导出基于H-PPM的可见光通信系统未编码时与RS(Reed-Solomon)码纠错后的误时隙率公式。数值仿真曲线证明,当系统误码率为10-10时,RS(15,7)纠错码可以提高约18dB的编码增益。由此可得,采取H-PPM调制和RS编码相结合可提高信号的质量,更有利于复杂交通环境下的可见光通信。
文摘提出了一种RS码的快速盲识别方法。该方法基于RS码的等效二进制分组码的循环移位特性,通过欧几里德算法计算循环移位前后码字的最大公约式,根据最大公约式指数的相关性来估计码长,并快速剔除含错码字,进而利用伽罗华域的傅里叶变换(Galois Field Fourier Transform,GFFT)实现RS码的本原多项式和生成多项式的识别。仿真结果表明,该算法复杂度低,计算量小,在误码率为10-3的情况下,对RS码的识别概率高于90%。
