Since transactions in blockchain are based on public ledger verification,this raises security concerns about privacy protection.And it will cause the accumulation of data on the chain and resulting in the low efficien...Since transactions in blockchain are based on public ledger verification,this raises security concerns about privacy protection.And it will cause the accumulation of data on the chain and resulting in the low efficiency of block verification,when the whole transaction on the chain is verified.In order to improve the efficiency and privacy protection of block data verification,this paper proposes an efficient block verification mechanism with privacy protection based on zeroknowledge proof(ZKP),which not only protects the privacy of users but also improves the speed of data block verification.There is no need to put the whole transaction on the chain when verifying block data.It just needs to generate the ZKP and root hash with the transaction information,then save them to the smart contract for verification.Moreover,the ZKP verification in smart contract is carried out to realize the privacy protection of the transaction and efficient verification of the block.When the data is validated,the buffer accepts the complete transaction,updates the transaction status in the cloud database,and packages up the chain.So,the ZKP strengthens the privacy protection ability of blockchain,and the smart contracts save the time cost of block verification.展开更多
A zero-knowledge proof or protocol is a cryptographic technique for verifying private data without revealing it in its clear form.In this paper,we evaluate the potential for zero-knowledge distributed ledger technolog...A zero-knowledge proof or protocol is a cryptographic technique for verifying private data without revealing it in its clear form.In this paper,we evaluate the potential for zero-knowledge distributed ledger technology to alleviate asymmetry of information in the asset-backed securitization market.To frame this inquiry,we conducted market data analyses,a review of prior literature,stakeholder interviews with investors,originators and security issuers and collaboration with blockchain engineers and researchers.We introduce a new system which could enable all market participants in the securitization lifecycle(e.g.investors,rating agencies,regulators and security issuers)to interact on a unique decentralized platform while maintaining the privacy of loan-level data,therefore providing the industry with timely analytics and performance data.Our platform is powered by zkLedger(Narula et al.2018),a zero-knowledge protocol developed by the MIT Media Lab and the first system that enables participants of a distributed ledger to run publicly verifiable analytics on masked data.展开更多
With the development of Internet of Things technology,intelligent door lock devices are widely used in the field of house leasing.In the traditional housing leasing scenario,problems of door lock information disclosur...With the development of Internet of Things technology,intelligent door lock devices are widely used in the field of house leasing.In the traditional housing leasing scenario,problems of door lock information disclosure,tenant privacy disclosure and rental contract disputes frequently occur,and the security,fairness and auditability of the housing leasing transaction cannot be guaranteed.To solve the above problems,a blockchain-based proxy re-encryption scheme with conditional privacy protection and auditability is proposed.The scheme implements fine-grained access control of door lock data based on attribute encryption technology with policy hiding,and uses proxy re-encryption technology to achieve auditable supervision of door lock information transactions.Homomorphic encryption technology and zero-knowledge proof technology are introduced to ensure the confidentiality of housing rent information and the fairness of rent payment.To construct a decentralized housing lease transaction architecture,the scheme realizes the efficient collaboration between the door lock data ciphertext stored under the chain and the key information ciphertext on the chain based on the blockchain and InterPlanetary File System.Finally,the security proof and computing performance analysis of the proposed scheme are carried out.The results show that the scheme can resist the chosen plaintext attack and has low computational cost.展开更多
Data is regarded as a valuable asset,and sharing data is a prerequisite for fully exploiting the value of data.However,the current medical data sharing scheme lacks a fair incentive mechanism,and the authenticity of d...Data is regarded as a valuable asset,and sharing data is a prerequisite for fully exploiting the value of data.However,the current medical data sharing scheme lacks a fair incentive mechanism,and the authenticity of data cannot be guaranteed,resulting in low enthusiasm of participants.A fair and trusted medical data trading scheme based on smart contracts is proposed,which aims to encourage participants to be honest and improve their enthusiasm for participation.The scheme uses zero-knowledge range proof for trusted verification,verifies the authenticity of the patient’s data and the specific attributes of the data before the transaction,and realizes privacy protection.At the same time,the game pricing strategy selects the best revenue strategy for all parties involved and realizes the fairness and incentive of the transaction price.The smart contract is used to complete the verification and game bargaining process,and the blockchain is used as a distributed ledger to record the medical data transaction process to prevent data tampering and transaction denial.Finally,by deploying smart contracts on the Ethereum test network and conducting experiments and theoretical calculations,it is proved that the transaction scheme achieves trusted verification and fair bargaining while ensuring privacy protection in a decentralized environment.The experimental results show that the model improves the credibility and fairness of medical data transactions,maximizes social benefits,encourages more patients and medical institutions to participate in the circulation of medical data,and more fully taps the potential value of medical data.展开更多
The dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things(IoT)is set to revolutionize the pace of interaction among entities,ushering in a proliferation of applications characterized by heightened quality and diversity.Among th...The dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things(IoT)is set to revolutionize the pace of interaction among entities,ushering in a proliferation of applications characterized by heightened quality and diversity.Among the pivotal applications within the realm of IoT,as a significant example,the Smart Grid(SG)evolves into intricate networks of energy deployment marked by data integration.This evolution concurrently entails data interchange with other IoT entities.However,there are also several challenges including data-sharing overheads and the intricate establishment of trusted centers in the IoT ecosystem.In this paper,we introduce a hierarchical secure data-sharing platform empowered by cloud-fog integration.Furthermore,we propose a novel non-interactive zero-knowledge proof-based group authentication and key agreement protocol that supports one-to-many sharing sets of IoT data,especially SG data.The security formal verification tool shows that the proposed scheme can achieve mutual authentication and secure data sharing while protecting the privacy of data providers.Compared with previous IoT data sharing schemes,the proposed scheme has advantages in both computational and transmission efficiency,and has more superiority with the increasing volume of shared data or increasing number of participants.展开更多
With the development of cloud computing technology,more and more data owners upload their local data to the public cloud server for storage and calculation.While this can save customers’operating costs,it also poses ...With the development of cloud computing technology,more and more data owners upload their local data to the public cloud server for storage and calculation.While this can save customers’operating costs,it also poses privacy and security challenges.Such challenges can be solved using secure multi-party computation(SMPC),but this still exposes more security issues.In cloud computing using SMPC,clients need to process their data and submit the processed data to the cloud server,which then performs the calculation and returns the results to each client.Each client and server must be honest.If there is cooperation or dishonest behavior between clients,some clients may profit from it or even disclose the private data of other clients.This paper proposes the SMPC based on a Partially-Homomorphic Encryption(PHE)scheme in which an addition homomorphic encryption algorithm with a lower computational cost is used to ensure data comparability and Zero-Knowledge Proof(ZKP)is used to limit the client’s malicious behavior.In addition,the introduction of Oblivious Transfer(OT)technology also ensures that the semi-honest cloud server knows nothing about private data,so that the cloud server of this scheme can calculate the correct data in the case of malicious participant models and safely return the calculation results to each client.Finally,the security analysis shows that the scheme not only ensures the privacy of participants,but also ensures the fairness of the comparison protocol data.展开更多
Interactive proof and zero-knowledge proof systems are two important concepts in cryptography and complexity theory. In the past two decades, a great number of interactive proof and zero-knowledge proof protocols have...Interactive proof and zero-knowledge proof systems are two important concepts in cryptography and complexity theory. In the past two decades, a great number of interactive proof and zero-knowledge proof protocols have been designed and applied in practice. In this paper, a simple memorizable zero-knowledge protocol is proposed for graph non-isomorphism problem, based on the memorizable interactive proof system, which is extended from the original definition of interactive proof and is more applicable in reality. Keywords interactive proof - zero-knowledge proof - memorizable interactive proof - memorizable zero-knowledge proof This work was supported by the ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2001CCA03000), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60273045).Ning Chen received his B.S. degree from Fudan University in 2001. Now he is a master candidate of Department of Computer Science, Fudan University. His research interests include computational complexity, computational cryptography, algorithm design and analysis.Jia-Wei Rong received her B.S. degree from Fudan University in 2002. Now she is a master candidate of Department of Computer Science, Fudan University. Her research interests include computational cryptography, machine learning, artificial intelligence.展开更多
基金This work was supported by China’s National Natural Science Foundation(No.62072249,62072056).Jin Wang and Yongjun Ren received the grant and the URLs to sponsors’websites are https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/.This work was also funded by the Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP-2021/102)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Since transactions in blockchain are based on public ledger verification,this raises security concerns about privacy protection.And it will cause the accumulation of data on the chain and resulting in the low efficiency of block verification,when the whole transaction on the chain is verified.In order to improve the efficiency and privacy protection of block data verification,this paper proposes an efficient block verification mechanism with privacy protection based on zeroknowledge proof(ZKP),which not only protects the privacy of users but also improves the speed of data block verification.There is no need to put the whole transaction on the chain when verifying block data.It just needs to generate the ZKP and root hash with the transaction information,then save them to the smart contract for verification.Moreover,the ZKP verification in smart contract is carried out to realize the privacy protection of the transaction and efficient verification of the block.When the data is validated,the buffer accepts the complete transaction,updates the transaction status in the cloud database,and packages up the chain.So,the ZKP strengthens the privacy protection ability of blockchain,and the smart contracts save the time cost of block verification.
基金We received funding solely from our institution to perform this research.
文摘A zero-knowledge proof or protocol is a cryptographic technique for verifying private data without revealing it in its clear form.In this paper,we evaluate the potential for zero-knowledge distributed ledger technology to alleviate asymmetry of information in the asset-backed securitization market.To frame this inquiry,we conducted market data analyses,a review of prior literature,stakeholder interviews with investors,originators and security issuers and collaboration with blockchain engineers and researchers.We introduce a new system which could enable all market participants in the securitization lifecycle(e.g.investors,rating agencies,regulators and security issuers)to interact on a unique decentralized platform while maintaining the privacy of loan-level data,therefore providing the industry with timely analytics and performance data.Our platform is powered by zkLedger(Narula et al.2018),a zero-knowledge protocol developed by the MIT Media Lab and the first system that enables participants of a distributed ledger to run publicly verifiable analytics on masked data.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project(No.2020YFB1005500)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project(No.M21034)。
文摘With the development of Internet of Things technology,intelligent door lock devices are widely used in the field of house leasing.In the traditional housing leasing scenario,problems of door lock information disclosure,tenant privacy disclosure and rental contract disputes frequently occur,and the security,fairness and auditability of the housing leasing transaction cannot be guaranteed.To solve the above problems,a blockchain-based proxy re-encryption scheme with conditional privacy protection and auditability is proposed.The scheme implements fine-grained access control of door lock data based on attribute encryption technology with policy hiding,and uses proxy re-encryption technology to achieve auditable supervision of door lock information transactions.Homomorphic encryption technology and zero-knowledge proof technology are introduced to ensure the confidentiality of housing rent information and the fairness of rent payment.To construct a decentralized housing lease transaction architecture,the scheme realizes the efficient collaboration between the door lock data ciphertext stored under the chain and the key information ciphertext on the chain based on the blockchain and InterPlanetary File System.Finally,the security proof and computing performance analysis of the proposed scheme are carried out.The results show that the scheme can resist the chosen plaintext attack and has low computational cost.
基金This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2021201052)。
文摘Data is regarded as a valuable asset,and sharing data is a prerequisite for fully exploiting the value of data.However,the current medical data sharing scheme lacks a fair incentive mechanism,and the authenticity of data cannot be guaranteed,resulting in low enthusiasm of participants.A fair and trusted medical data trading scheme based on smart contracts is proposed,which aims to encourage participants to be honest and improve their enthusiasm for participation.The scheme uses zero-knowledge range proof for trusted verification,verifies the authenticity of the patient’s data and the specific attributes of the data before the transaction,and realizes privacy protection.At the same time,the game pricing strategy selects the best revenue strategy for all parties involved and realizes the fairness and incentive of the transaction price.The smart contract is used to complete the verification and game bargaining process,and the blockchain is used as a distributed ledger to record the medical data transaction process to prevent data tampering and transaction denial.Finally,by deploying smart contracts on the Ethereum test network and conducting experiments and theoretical calculations,it is proved that the transaction scheme achieves trusted verification and fair bargaining while ensuring privacy protection in a decentralized environment.The experimental results show that the model improves the credibility and fairness of medical data transactions,maximizes social benefits,encourages more patients and medical institutions to participate in the circulation of medical data,and more fully taps the potential value of medical data.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3103400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61932015 and 62172317.
文摘The dynamic landscape of the Internet of Things(IoT)is set to revolutionize the pace of interaction among entities,ushering in a proliferation of applications characterized by heightened quality and diversity.Among the pivotal applications within the realm of IoT,as a significant example,the Smart Grid(SG)evolves into intricate networks of energy deployment marked by data integration.This evolution concurrently entails data interchange with other IoT entities.However,there are also several challenges including data-sharing overheads and the intricate establishment of trusted centers in the IoT ecosystem.In this paper,we introduce a hierarchical secure data-sharing platform empowered by cloud-fog integration.Furthermore,we propose a novel non-interactive zero-knowledge proof-based group authentication and key agreement protocol that supports one-to-many sharing sets of IoT data,especially SG data.The security formal verification tool shows that the proposed scheme can achieve mutual authentication and secure data sharing while protecting the privacy of data providers.Compared with previous IoT data sharing schemes,the proposed scheme has advantages in both computational and transmission efficiency,and has more superiority with the increasing volume of shared data or increasing number of participants.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Lab of Integrated Service Networks of Xidian University （No.ISN7-01） and the National Science Foundation （No. 60672132）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.(62202118.61962009)And in part by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MF086)+1 种基金And in part by Top Technology Talent Project from Guizhou Education Department(Qian jiao ji[2022]073)And in part by Foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security(GCIS202118).
文摘With the development of cloud computing technology,more and more data owners upload their local data to the public cloud server for storage and calculation.While this can save customers’operating costs,it also poses privacy and security challenges.Such challenges can be solved using secure multi-party computation(SMPC),but this still exposes more security issues.In cloud computing using SMPC,clients need to process their data and submit the processed data to the cloud server,which then performs the calculation and returns the results to each client.Each client and server must be honest.If there is cooperation or dishonest behavior between clients,some clients may profit from it or even disclose the private data of other clients.This paper proposes the SMPC based on a Partially-Homomorphic Encryption(PHE)scheme in which an addition homomorphic encryption algorithm with a lower computational cost is used to ensure data comparability and Zero-Knowledge Proof(ZKP)is used to limit the client’s malicious behavior.In addition,the introduction of Oblivious Transfer(OT)technology also ensures that the semi-honest cloud server knows nothing about private data,so that the cloud server of this scheme can calculate the correct data in the case of malicious participant models and safely return the calculation results to each client.Finally,the security analysis shows that the scheme not only ensures the privacy of participants,but also ensures the fairness of the comparison protocol data.
文摘Interactive proof and zero-knowledge proof systems are two important concepts in cryptography and complexity theory. In the past two decades, a great number of interactive proof and zero-knowledge proof protocols have been designed and applied in practice. In this paper, a simple memorizable zero-knowledge protocol is proposed for graph non-isomorphism problem, based on the memorizable interactive proof system, which is extended from the original definition of interactive proof and is more applicable in reality. Keywords interactive proof - zero-knowledge proof - memorizable interactive proof - memorizable zero-knowledge proof This work was supported by the ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2001CCA03000), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60273045).Ning Chen received his B.S. degree from Fudan University in 2001. Now he is a master candidate of Department of Computer Science, Fudan University. His research interests include computational complexity, computational cryptography, algorithm design and analysis.Jia-Wei Rong received her B.S. degree from Fudan University in 2002. Now she is a master candidate of Department of Computer Science, Fudan University. Her research interests include computational cryptography, machine learning, artificial intelligence.
