Constrained Weighted Least Squares Location Algorithm Using Received Signal Strength Measurements

Determine the location of a target has gained considerable interest over the past few years. The Received Signal Strength(RSS) measurements and Differential RSS(DRSS) measurements can be converted to distance or distance ratio estimates for constructing a set of linear equations. Based on these linear equations, a constrained weighted least Squares(CWLS) algorithm for target localization is derived. In addition, an iterative technique based on Newton's method is utilized to give a solution. The covariance and bias of the CWLS algorithm is derived using perturbation analysis. Simulation shows that the proposed estimator achieves better performance than existing algorithms with reasonable complexity.

Multi-Variable Flocking Control for Multi-Agent Systems via a Received Signal Strength Indicator

A novel flocking control approach is proposed for multi-agent systems by integrating the variables of velocities, motion directions, and positions of agents. A received signal strength indicator （RSSI） is applied as a variable to estimate the inter-distance between agents. A key parameter that contains the local information of agents is defined, and a multi-variable controller is proposed based on the parameter. For the position control of agents, the RSSI is introduced to substitute the distance as a control variable in the systems. The advantages of RSSI include that the relative distance between every two agents can be adjusted through the communication quality under different environments, and it can shun the shortage of the limit of sensors. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

S^3 LQA: A Link Quality Assessment Metric for WSNs Based on Symbol Error and Received Signal Strength

With the rapid evolution of WSNs technology, it is very important to evaluate link quality quickly and accurately, so that the routing protocols can take relevant strategies in time to keep the entire network working steadily and efficiently. However, the issue of layer is still open to research. To tackle this issue, a improving link quality assessment methods on physical novel link quality assessment metric called S3LQA is proposed, which estimates the link quality of wireless sensor networks by CC2420 wireless radio frequency transceiver principles and free space propagation theory. The metric adopts both complete and incomplete packages to improve the evaluation performance effectively based on IEEE802. 15.4 frame format and DSSS-O- QPSK mechanism. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve energy cost and achieves hatter real-timin nerformance than traditional counting-based （PRR） link aualitv assessment metric.

Accuracy Analysis of Position Estimation Based on Measurements of Received Signal Strength Difference

The performance of a cellular location system based on received signal strength difference （RSSD） is investigated. In the cellular location system, each mobile station needs to measure the signal strength transmitted by surrounding base stations, and sends its measurements to the service base station. Using the strength difference between the service base station and neighboring base stations, the position of a mobile station is estimated. The related Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） on the location error of this method was derived, and numerical simulations are made to discuss the influences of the number of base stations, correlation coefficient of shadowing attenuation, and cell radius on CRLB. The results show that the CRLB is positively correlated with the standard deviation of shadowing attenuation and cell radius, but negatively correlated with the number of base stations and the correlation coefficient of shadowing attenuation. In addition, the CRLB results obtained in this paper were compared with those of the cellular location system based on received signal strength （RSS） measurements, which reveals that the former is more tight.

Analysis of RFID Based Positioning Technique Using Received Signal Strength and Directional Antenna

Automatic robot navigation is being utilized in many industries for the purpose of high speed work delivery. Color follower, fix path follower robots are current solution to this activities but dynamic path configuration is not possible in these robots. Hence new system proposes effective and fully dynamic path follower robots using RFID and directional antenna. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system permits automatic identification of objects with RFID tags using radio waves which have been widely used in mobile robot navigation, localization and mapping both in indoor and outdoor environment. This article presents a navigation strategy for autonomous mobile robot using passive RFID system. Proposed robot system is provided with RFID tag functionality which will load tag number and direction instruction. At some turning point, user will put RF tag, this tag will be read by RF reader which is placed on robot. As per direction instruction robot will change the direction and reach to the destination. Also as per the movement, robot will send its GPS location to PC (Personal Computer) which will be displayed on PC. Hence main goal is to provide more reliable and low energy consumption based indoor positioning system which will be achieved using directional antenna.

一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法

针对接收信号强度指示(RSSI)在基于WiFi的室内定位应用中易受到环境影响出现波动、突变进而导致定位精度降低的问题,提出了一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法。首先,根据WiFi信号距离衰减模型设计一种自适应阈值滤波器剔除观测信号异常值;然后,根据自适应阈值滤波、卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波、均值(Mean)滤波设计了一种混合滤波算法(ATKM)对RSSI数据进行滤波;最后,提出了一种基于斯皮尔曼-欧几里得距离的加权K近邻算法(SEWKNN)进行位置估计。在真实环境下的实测结果表明,本文提出的ATKM滤波算法能显著降低RSSI信号的波动,提出的SEWKNN算法在室内环境中平均定位误差为1.17 m,在走廊环境中平均定位误差为1.53m,相比传统的WKNN算法平均定位误差分别下降18.18%和16.84%。

RSSI和PC-CSI加权融合的指纹定位方法

针对基于RSSI和CSI的指纹定位技术易受环境干扰、定位精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于RSSI指纹和相位修正信道状态信息(phase correct based channel state information,PC-CSI)指纹的加权融合指纹定位技术。基于PC-CSI的指纹定位在传统基于CSI幅值的指纹定位基础上增加相位信息对定位结果进行修正,之后对RSSI指纹和PC-CSI指纹的定位结果加权重定位。实验结果表明,提出的加权融合指纹定位算法与基于CSI的主动定位算法相比,平均定位误差(mean position error,MPE)降低了36.2%,能满足室内定位需求。

基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化的RSSI定位

针对传统接收信号强度指示(RSSI)测距受环境中不同因素干扰,导致定位精度不高的问题,提出基于改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化的RSSI定位算法。首先,通过混合滤波对RSSI值优化处理,剔除异常值并消除波动,RSSI测距模型将滤波后可靠的信号值换算为距离。其次,对基础麻雀搜索算法(SSA)进行改进,得到未知节点的精确坐标。实验结果表明:与另一种ISSA及粒子群优化万有引力搜索算法(PSOGSA)混合定位算法相比,该算法具有更高的定位精度。

基于RSSI的井下人员定位算法改进

在无线传感器网络中,针对接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)在煤矿井下长距离巷道内信号衰减快、测距精度偏差大等问题,提出了一种基于RSSI的高斯滤波加权质心定位算法。采用高斯滤波对采集的RSSI值进行修正,一定程度上减轻环境造成的影响。将RSSI测距算法与改进加权质心算法相结合,得出待测节点坐标位置。仿真试验表明,该改进算法与原有定位算法相比,定位误差明显降低,可基本满足煤矿井下人员的安全生产和定位需求。

基于ZigBee混合滤波RSSI的室内定位算法

针对复杂的室内环境,基于ZigBee的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)室内定位技术以功耗低、成本低等优势脱颖而出。但RSSI信号强度容易受环境、障碍物、人员走动的干扰而产生波动,影响定位精度。针对以上问题,结合现有滤波算法的优点,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波、高斯滤波、限幅滤波、加权平均值滤波相融合的新型混合滤波算法——KGWAL。以KGWAL滤波后的RSSI采样值为基础,根据最小二乘法估计路径损耗模型。最后用加权质心三边定位得到实际位置。实验结果表明:KGWAL滤波能很大程度提高RSSI采样值精度,优化后的室内路径损耗模型能够精确反应RSSI与距离的关系,定位精度在0.315 m左右,定位精度得到明显提升。

基于RSSI序列特性的RFID多标签相对定位方法

室内多目标的高精度定位技术是实现定制化智能服务的关键。当前,基于射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)的室内定位技术因其成本低、易于部署和多目标感知等优势,受到了学术界和产业界的广泛关注。然而,传统的基于RFID的多目标相对定位系统需要使用多组接收天线进行数据收发,这导致系统的部署成本高昂,同时接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)序列还会出现数据中断的问题。为解决这些问题,提出了一种基于RSSI序列特性的RFID多标签相对定位方法。该方法首先采用匀速移动天线的方式来获取多目标标签的接收RSSI信号序列;然后,对接收RSSI数据进行预处理来填充缺失数据,并构建基于余弦相似度的序列相似度量表;最后,从多个组维度设计不同的标签分组算法,以实现RFID多标签的相对定位。通过对典型室内多组RFID标签阵列进行大量相对定位测试,实验结果表明,所提方法的RFID标签相对定位平均准确率超过92%,对5*5的天线阵列平均定位计算时长小于1 s,相比其他工作计算效率提高了近10倍。

Design and application of wireless signal strength measurement system on the near-ground

The wireless communication system's performance is greatly constrained by the wireless channel characteristics,especially in some specific environment.Therefore,signal transmission will be greatly impacted even if not in a complicated topography.Testing results show that it is hardly to characterize the radio propagation properties for the antenna installed on the ground.In order to ensure a successful communication,the radio frequency(RF)wireless signal intensity monitor system was designed.We can get the wireless link transmission loss through measuring signal strength from received node.The test shows that the near-ground wireless signal propagation characteristics still can be characterized by the log distance propagation loss model.These results will conduce to studying the transmission characteristic of Near-Earth wireless signals and will predict the coverage of the earth's surface wireless sensor network.

基于CPPM-RSSI算法的可见光室内定位技术研究

针对如何提高室内定位精度问题,提出一种基于混沌脉冲位置调制(CPPM)和接收信号强度指示(RSSI)相结合的定位算法。利用二值混沌码作为扩频码,对LED灯的位置信息进行扩频处理,然后进行脉冲位置调制(PPM),将调制后的信号发送出去,接收端用相同的二值混沌码解扩恢复出每个LED的位置信息,通过光电检测器(PD)检测到来自各个灯的光强,再结合RSSI算法进行定位。仿真结果表明:在5 m×5 m×2 m的定位空间内,不扩频的情况下,最大误差为51 cm,最小误差为3 cm,平均误差为15.47 cm。随着扩频码长度增加,与之对应的误码率会降低,定位精度也随之提高,当扩频码长度为64位时,最大误差为10 cm,最小误差接近1 cm,平均误差为4 cm。

Localizing Jammer in an Indoor Environment by Estimating Signal Strength and Kalman Filter

Localizing a jammer in an indoor environment in wireless sensor networks becomes a significant research problem due to the ease of blocking the communication between legitimate nodes. An adversary may emit radio frequency to prevent the transmission between nodes. In this paper, we propose detecting the position of the jammer indoor by using the received signal strength and Kalman filter (KF) to reduce the noise due to the multipath signal caused by obstacles in the indoor environment. We compare our work to the Linear Prediction Algorithm (LP) and Centroid Localization Algorithm (CL). We observed that the Kalman filter has better results when estimating the distance compared to other algorithms.

一种加权圆模型的AOA与RSSI融合定位算法

针对多径效应和非视距给定位精度带来负面影响的问题,提出一种适用于3个基站的基于加权圆的融合定位算法:将接收信号强度(RSSI)定位法与到达角(AOA)法相融合;并由于传统的无线信号路径损耗模型在预测距离时易对环境参数有所依赖,提出利用自适应遗传算法(AGA)-反向传播(BP)神经网络来构建传播模型以确定加权圆的权值初始值;最后根据不断迭代的加权范围和角波束来估计待测点位置。实验结果表明,与其他混合定位方法的性能相比,将AGA-BP和加权圆算法相结合能更好地提高定位精度;同时,为测试鲁棒性,加入不同大小的干扰角度,结果可见,提出的算法能有效处理非视距误差。

基于机器学习与蓝牙RSSI的室内定位技术研究

对一种基于蓝牙RSSI(received signal strength indicator)结合机器学习算法的室内定位技术进行了研究。以蓝牙低功耗信标作为发射节点,接收移动节点的RSSI信号,通过三坐标测算技术,结合k近邻(k⁃nearest neighbor,k⁃NN)机器学习算法,参考已知信标节点对移动节点RSSI数据进行分类,估算出待测点坐标,从而定位室内用户位置。所研究的室内定位技术,综合运用了蓝牙低功耗信号处理、RSSI测距及机器学习等多种技术,能精确地用于各种静态或动态的应用室内定位场景。在某高校图书馆室内部署本文技术方案,测试结果表明机器学习结合蓝牙RSSI的室内定位精度相比传统定位方法得到提高。

基于RSSR融合RNGO-Elman神经网络的室内可见光定位

针对动态环境下基于接收信号强度的传统可见光定位方法定位精度低、稳定性差等问题,提出一种基于接收信号强度比的改进北方苍鹰算法(NGO)优化Elman神经网络(RNGOElman)的室内可见光定位系统。提出选择一个辅助参考点,将待测参考点与辅助参考点的接收信号强度比值和接收机的真实位置作为训练集数据,建立不受动态环境影响的指纹数据库。针对NGO算法收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优等问题,利用折射反向学习策略初始化种群,增加种群多样性,引入非线性权重因子来加快收敛速度,避免陷入局部最优。使用优化后的NGO算法来优化Elman神经网络的初始权值和阈值,构建RNGO-Elman动态定位预测模型。仿真结果表明,在4m×4m×3m的实验空间下,优化后的RNGO-Elman定位模型平均定位误差为1.34cm,定位精度相较于Elman定位算法、NGO-Elman定位算法分别提高了82%,21%。在LED发射功率波动时,基于RSSR的RNGO-Elman定位误差为1.29cm,1.38cm。所提可见光定位方法具有定位精度高、定位性能稳定等优点。

基于自适应距离ADWKNN室内定位算法

针对基于蓝牙接收信号强度(RSS)的加权K-近邻(WKNN)位置指纹室内定位算法中由于信号波动存在的单一距离估算标准导致定位精度偏低的问题,提出了一种基于自适应距离的ADWKNN定位算法。离线阶段利用K-means聚类算法对指纹数据库进行划分,减少数据查询量以保证定位的时效性。在线定位阶段首先对待定位点处采集到的RSS信号值进行卡尔曼滤波,减弱随机噪声的干扰;然后采用ADWKNN算法计算曼哈顿距离与欧氏距离的标准差,自适应的选择距离估算方法并实现K值的动态变化。实验结果表明,ADWKNN算法的平均定位精度为1.22 m,与使用余弦距离、曼哈顿距离、欧氏距离和Sorensen距离的单一距离的WKNN算法相比,ADWKNN算法的平均定位精度有明显提高。

扩展卡尔曼滤波的改进蛇定位算法在WSN中的应用

针对接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Index,RSSI)定位易受到环境因素的影响,提出了一种基于RSSI扩展卡尔曼滤波的改进蛇定位算法(RSSI Extended Kalman Filter-based Improved Snake Optimization Localization Algorithm,RSSI-EISL)。该算法利用扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)模型对RSSI信号值进行平滑处理,使其能够抑制噪声和异常值对估计结果的影响,从而提高测距的准确性和鲁棒性。通过引入Levy飞行和非线性收敛因子的改进蛇优化算法(Improved Snake Optimization Algorithm,ISO),提升了蛇优化算法(Snake Optimization Algorithm,SO)的寻优能力,使之能够更加准确地计算出待测节点的坐标。根据仿真结果显示,相较于基于RSSI最小二乘定位算法(RSSI Ordinary Least Squares Localization Algorithm,ROL)、基于RSSI EKF的灰狼定位算法(RSSI Extended Kalman Filter-based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm,REGL)和基于RSSI EKF的蛇定位算法(RSSI EKF-based Snake Optimization Localization Algorithm,RESL),RSSI-EISL的定位精度分别提高了26.4%、8.75%和5.6%,算法的收敛速度和全局搜索能力也有所提升。

基于RSSI的测距差分修正定位算法

为了抑制RSSI误差对无线传感器节点自身定位精度的影响,以三边定位算法为基础,定义了个体差异差分系数、距离差分系数和距离差分定位方程,把离目标节点最近的信标节点作为参考节点对基于RSSI的测距进行差分修正,并将差分法和质心法相结合提出了一种测距差分修正定位算法。该定位算法无需增加额外硬件开销,容易实现,定位误差可小于2.5m,适合于处理能力和能量有限的无线传感器网络节点。