Study on a New Method of Reducing the Water Shrinkage of Rabbit Hair Knitted Fabrics

In order to reduce the water shrinkage of rabbit hair knitted fabrics, a new method is developed, which is blending rabbit hairs with a little bit of blaze. The sericin on the blaze which can swell and melt in hot and wet condition can cohere the rabbit hairs through special processing. So the relative movement among fibers could be restricted. The testing results show that the water shrinkage of rabbit hair knitted fabrics can be greatly reduced after processed.

Study on the Prevention of Rabbit Hair from Loss

A new method is presented to solve the problem of loss of rabbit hair by using ES fiber blending with rabbit hair. ES fiber is used to bond the rabbit hair to prevent the rabbit hair from losing after heat setting. The factors affecting hair loss are heat setting temperature, rabbit hair/ES fiber blend ratio, fabric heating setting, twistsof yarn, etc. Temperature of heat setting and ES fiber content are the two key factors This method has almost no detrimental effect on the coziness of the fabric, which is better than other hair loss prevention methods.

REDUCING HAIRFALLING AND PILLING STUDY IN RABBIT HAIR/WOOL WORSTED KNITWEAR——CHOOSING AND EVALUATING OF FINISHING AGENT

In the paper, the effects of reducing hairfalling and pilling were compared in rabbit hair/woolworsted knitwear by adding various finishing agents. Reducing rates of hairfalling and pilling wereof 6.7％—66.7％ and 9.3％—73.5％ respectively, while fabric handle changed from grade 1 to grade5 in 12 treating method groups. To evaluate the severity of hairfalling and pilling and the conditionof fabric handle of knitwear objectively, quantitatively and comprehensively, we advocated usingthe concept of "geueral evaluating value(GEV)". The results indicated that GEVs of acrylategroups were low, but GEVs of silicone resin groups were high, especially the group with finishingagent solution containing 7％ silicone resin No.3 in which reducing rates of pilling and hairfallingwere of 53％ (National standard: grade 4.5) and 62％, respectively, and washing stability was verygood, while knitwear’s fabric handle almost did not change.

Methionine Levels in the Diet for Pregnant Female Rabbits Affects Hair Follicles Development of Baby Rabbits

[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to study methionine level in diet for prepnant famale rabbits on the development of hair follicles of baby rabbits. [ Method] Fifty-four Angora female rabbits with similar body weight, parities and historicaly hair yield were randomly assigned to three groups with eighteen replicates in each group and one rabbit per replicate. Rabbits during pregnancy were fed diets with 0.5!%, 0.71% and 0.91% methionine, respectively. Hair follicle density and diameter in the back skin were determined at 18-day fetus. 26-day fetus, newborn and 2- month-old,and hair fiber diameter at 2-month-old was also determined. [ Result] The results showed as follows： （1） hair follicle density and diameter at each stage,coarse hair fiber diameter at 2-month. old showed a tendency of increasing with dietary methionine level（ P 〉0.05）, fine hair diameter in 0.91% group was significantly larger than that in 0.51% group at 2-month-old （ P 〈 0.05）. （2） With the development of baby rabbit,the ratio of secondary follicle and primary follicle increased gradually, at newborn of rabbits in group 0.51%, 0.71% and 0.91%were 5.84, 5.56 and 5.81, respectively, and at 2-month-old were 8.47, 7.97 and 8.03, respectively. （3） Baby rabbits in group 0.51%, 0.71% and 0.91% gained increases of primary follicle diameter by 0.58, 0.57 and 0.61pm/d from 26-day fetus to birth, and 0.11,0.11 and 0.12 prn/d from birth to 2-month-old, re- spectively; they also gained increases on secondary follicle diameter by 0.0018,0. 012 and 0. 011prn/d from birth to 2-months-old, respectively. [ Conclusion] These results indicate that increase of methionine level in diet for female rabbits during pregnancy is a stimulation factor for the development of hair follicle of baby rabbits, and can improve their hair fiber diameter.

Thickness Method for Measuring Hair Density of Rex Rabbit

[Objective] The paper was to characterize hair density by changes in hair thickness under certain pressure.[Method] Tile effects of weight of thickness tester and wafer urea at the hottom of presser foot on measurement results were studied, and the optimal measuring weight and wafer diameter was determined. The measurement results of hair thickness under the ahove condition were compared with the results of manual counting. Meanwhile, the effects of hair length and hair fineness on hair density were analyzed.[Result] The hair density obtained by manual count- ing had consistent change trend with the hair thickness measured under certain conditions. If the length and fineness of hairs were introduced for modification, the correlation between hair thickness and hair density would be better. There were little changes in hair length and finelless of rex rabbit, and their effects on hair thickness could be ignored under general condition. [Conclusion] It is completely feasible to characterize hair den- sity of rex rabbit by hair thickness under pressure.

新型改良兔毛的结构和性能研究

为了改善兔毛纤维的可纺性,拓展兔毛在纺织领域的应用,对经过选培、提纯的蒙阴县新型改良兔毛进行形貌特征分析,并测试其力学性能、摩擦性能和卷曲性能。结果表明,改良兔毛的鳞片层变薄,鳞片向外凸起的程度减小,鳞片不再有明显的重叠,纤维整体变得更加光滑;改良兔毛的长度为93.00mm,相较于长度为64.89mm的普通兔毛,增加了43.32%;平均强度达到16.11 cN/tex,比强度为14.97 cN/tex的普通兔毛有一定幅度的提升;与卷曲数为8.1个/(25mm)的普通兔毛相比,改良兔毛卷曲数为11.3个/(25mm),增加了39.5%;改良兔毛纤维顺、逆鳞片方向的摩擦因数下降,定向摩擦效应减弱,提高了兔毛纤维的防毡缩性能。

ATG14调控家兔毛囊毛乳头细胞自噬进程的功能探究

旨在探究自噬相关蛋白14(autophagy-related protein 14,ATG14)调控家兔毛囊毛乳头细胞(dermal papilla cells, DPCs)自噬进程对毛囊发育生长的影响。本试验选取健康6月龄长毛兔,采集背部皮肤分离培养DPCs,通过克隆ATG14基因的编码序列(coding sequence, CDS),利用生物信息学对ATG14的生物学特性进行初步分析,在家兔DPCs中过表达或敲减ATG14对自噬相关蛋白和毛囊生长发育相关基因的表达及DPCs增殖水平的影响进行探究。结果表明,ATG14基因CDS长度为1 479 bp,共编码492个氨基酸,不存在潜在信号肽及跨膜区,属于定位于细胞核的不稳定蛋白,在不同哺乳动物中存在同源性。家兔DPCs中过表达或敲减ATG14后,WB结果显示ATG14能够上调自噬标志蛋白LC3和Beclin1的蛋白表达,抑制自噬抑制蛋白P62表达水平。ATG14能够增加细胞中pEGFP-LC3B荧光表达,表明ATG14能够激活细胞中LC3B的表达。同时,在DPCs中过表达ATG14能够显著上调CCND1、FGF2、LEF1、BCL2和WNT2的mRNA表达水平,显著下调SFRP2和TGFβ-1的基因表达水平(P<0.05),敲减ATG14能够显著下调CCND1、FGF2、LEF1、BCL2和WNT2的基因表达水平,显著上调SFRP2和TGFβ-1的mRNA水平(P<0.05)。ATG14能够上调LEF1和CCND1的蛋白表达水平。此外,DPC中过表达ATG14能够显著促进DPCs细胞增殖(P<0.01)。本研究通过对家兔ATG14基因调控DPCs自噬进程的功能进行分析,为阐明家兔毛囊生长发育的调控机制提供理论依据。

饲粮中添加胱氨酸对安哥拉兔产毛性能的影响

本试验旨在考察饲粮中添加不同水平胱氨酸对安哥拉兔产毛性能的影响。选取已剪二刀毛安哥拉兔180只,随机分为5组,每组36个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%胱氨酸的试验饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期73 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的胱氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的平均日采食量(P<0.05),添加0.1%和0.2%的胱氨酸显著降低了安哥拉兔的料毛比(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.4%的胱氨酸显著提高了血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.1%和0.3%的胱氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔背部皮下次级毛囊密度(P<0.05),添加0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的胱氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔毛的断裂强力(P<0.05),添加0.4%的胱氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔毛的纤维细度(P<0.05);此外,饲粮中添加0.2%和0.3%的胱氨酸显著上调了安哥拉兔背部皮肤中角蛋白关联蛋白6.1(KAP 6.1)的表达(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加胱氨酸可改善安哥拉兔毛品质,促进毛囊发育;本试验条件下,安哥拉兔饲粮中胱氨酸的适宜添加水平为0.1%。

饲粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响

旨在探究饲粮中蛋氨酸添加水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响。选取9月龄体重相近、生长状况良好的安哥拉兔200只,公母各半,随机分为5个处理,每个处理40个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(蛋氨酸含量为0.26%),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.15%、0.30%、0.45%和0.60%的蛋氨酸(试验组饲粮中蛋氨酸的总体水平分别为0.41%、0.56%、0.71%和0.86%),试验期70 d。试验结束后计算生长性能相关指标并采集毛发和皮肤样品,检测兔毛品质、皮肤毛囊密度以及毛囊发育相关基因的表达量。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的平均日采食量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔毛的伸长度和伸长率(P<0.05),显著降低了安哥拉兔初级毛囊密度(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.30%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的产毛率和次级毛囊密度/初级毛囊密度(S/P)(P<0.05),显著降低了安哥拉兔毛25μm以上纤维含量、粗毛率和初级毛囊密度(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.45%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的料毛比、伸长度、伸长率和S/P(P<0.05),显著降低了安哥拉兔毛25μm以上纤维含量、粗毛率和初级毛囊密度(P<0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30%蛋氨酸显著上调了安哥拉兔皮肤中表皮生长因子(EGF)mRNA表达水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中适宜的蛋氨酸添加水平能够提高安哥拉兔的产毛性能,改善毛品质;促进家兔毛囊发育,EGF信号可能参与此过程。基于本研究,建议蛋氨酸在安哥拉兔饲粮中适宜的添加量为0.30%(饲粮中蛋氨酸的总体水平为0.56%)。

“兔毫”与五胡时代西北地区的丧葬文化传播

吐鲁番衣物疏及实物出土的“兔毫”(狐毛)既不是制笔原料,也不是当时人财富的象征。衣物疏中与“兔毫”经常同时出现的“黄桑棺”“弩机”等,也在同时代的河西等地存在,表明两地在丧葬文化上具有一脉相承性。放置于墓主人头部的兔毫与棺木档板或壁画中的北斗、神树、手爪囊等共同构成了相对完整的墓葬逻辑。以千束、万束的兔毫等丝缕结成前往北斗、祈求长生的阶梯,从而达到灵魂升天的目的。又通过手脚指甲含血、被肉,完成复形,继续享受荣华富贵。这是西汉以来北斗求道升仙原始信仰的体现。

不同饲粮铜水平对安哥拉兔生产性能及毛囊发育的影响

旨在研究饲粮不同水平铜对安哥拉兔生产性能以及毛囊发育的影响。选取5月龄安哥拉兔180只,随机分成5组(每组36个重复,每个重复1只),分别饲喂铜添加量为0、5、10、20和40 mg·kg^(-1)的日粮,预试期3 d,正式试验76 d。结果显示:1)当铜的添加水平为5 mg·kg^(-1)时,产毛量达到最大值,料毛比也相对较低(P<0.01),但是对安哥拉兔平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,铜添加量为40 mg·kg^(-1)时,显著增加了兔毛的断裂强力、断裂强度、断裂功(P<0.01),显著影响了伸长、伸长率(P<0.05),改善了兔毛品质。3)饲粮中添加铜显著增加了次级毛囊密度(P<0.01)和总毛囊密度(P<0.05),当铜的添加量为5 mg·kg^(-1)时,总毛囊密度和次级毛囊密度达到最大值。饲粮中添加5 mg·kg^(-1)的铜显著增加了Wnt10b、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的mRNA表达量(P<0.01),显著增加了角蛋白相关蛋白6-1基因(Kap6.1)的表达量(P<0.05),铜添加量为40 mg·kg^(-1)时,mTOR的表达量达到最大值。铜的添加对表皮生长因子(EGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、转化生长因子-β2(TGF-β2)基因相对表达均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加铜可以提高安哥拉兔的产毛性能,改善兔毛品质,促进皮下毛囊发育,家兔可能通过Wnt10b、mTOR和Kap6.1基因来调控毛囊发育。在本试验条件下,安哥拉兔饲粮中铜水平为13.72 mg·kg^(-1)最为适宜。

含硫氨基酸对獭兔生长及被毛发育的影响

本试验旨在通过测定生长及被毛发育相关指标,确定蛋氨酸及半胱氨酸在獭兔饲粮中的最优添加水平,并了解它们在影响獭兔生长及被毛发育方面的相互关系。选择同天出生的仔獭兔294只,以窝为单位随机分为7组,每组7个重复,每个重复6只。对照组獭兔饲喂基础饲粮(含半胱氨酸0.23%、蛋氨酸0.24%),试验组獭兔分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.10%、0.25%和0.40%半胱氨酸或蛋氨酸的试验饲粮。饲养周期为初生到151日龄。结果表明:饲粮中添加含硫氨基酸提高了獭兔的150日龄体重及平均日增重,0.25%、0.40%组与对照组相比存在显著差异(P<0.05)。随着含硫氨基酸添加水平的增加,獭兔的料重比表现为下降的趋势(P>0.05),平均日采食量则表现为上升的趋势(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,0.25%和0.40%组换毛完成率和被毛密度显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),但0.25%与0.40%组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从92日龄和151日龄被毛评分来看,獭兔被毛品质随含硫氨基酸添加水平的增加仅表现出提高的趋势,组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。上述各指标在蛋氨酸与半胱氨酸各对应水平间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。通过生长曲线拟合分析,在2种含硫氨基酸的添加水平内,添加水平仅改变獭兔的最大生长速度,而对成年体重的影响不大。由此得出,蛋氨酸与半胱氨酸对獭兔生长与被毛发育均具有促进作用,均以0.25%添加水平为最优,且促进效果几乎同等,等量半胱氨酸可以完全代替蛋氨酸。但是,仅通过添加含硫氨基酸不能显著地改变獭兔的表观被毛品质。

不同被毛密度獭兔皮肤差异表达基因的研究

本研究旨在筛选4日龄不同被毛密度獭兔皮肤的差异表达基因。采用Agilent公司家兔全基因表达谱芯片对4日龄不同被毛密度獭兔皮肤组织进行差异基因筛选,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法对部分差异显著基因进行验证。试验共筛选出188个差异基因,与低被毛密度獭兔相比,高被毛密度獭兔皮中表达上调基因72个,其中包含24个已知功能基因,表达下调基因116个,其中包含38个已知功能基因。GO(Gene ontology)分类显示,大部分差异基因参与细胞增殖、凋亡、氧化还原、脂代谢分解等生命过程。KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路分析显示,差异基因主要参与Wnt信号通路、PPAR信号通路、维生素合成与代谢途径等。荧光定量PCR结果与基因芯片结果基本吻合,证实基因芯片结果可靠。结果表明,差异倍数较大的差异基因,像胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP2)可能与獭兔被毛的形成有关;Wnt信号通路、PPAR信号通路等,以及维生素合成与代谢途径等也可能参与被毛的发育过程。

DCCA处理对兔毛纤维性能的影响

为克服兔毛纤维表面光滑、摩擦因数小而导致纤维之间抱合力小,可纺性差的缺点,用Na2CO3对兔毛预处理后,再使用DCCA氯化剂氧化处理工艺,使纤维之间获得一定的抱合力。分析不同质量分数的DCCA对纤维断裂强力、摩擦因数及表面形态的影响,结果表明,在25℃,pH值为4.5左右,处理时间为30 min,浴比为1∶25,DCCA质量分数占所处理纤维质量的1.5%时,纤维表面形态结构发生改变,从而提高了其表面摩擦因数,增加了纤维之间的抱合力,提高了兔毛纤维的可纺性。

兔毛纤维的酶处理

为了克服兔毛纤维表面光滑、摩擦因数小及其产品容易脱毛的缺点,对兔毛纤维用双氧水(30%)处理后,再配合酶处理工艺,使纤维得到一定的减量率。通过分析蛋白酶含量、酶处理时间对兔毛纤维直径、强度、伸长率、表面摩擦因数的影响,确定合适的酶处理工艺,使兔毛纤维的强度和伸长率变化在尽可能小的情况下,纤维表面形态结构发生改变,从而提高了其表面摩擦因数,增加了纤维之间的抱合力,提高了纤维的可纺性,大大减少了兔毛纺织品的脱毛现象。

天然高聚物对兔毛改性处理的研究

采用天然高聚物作为固着剂,在微波场中对兔毛纤维与丝胶进行改性处理。考虑预处理工艺、丝胶浓度、固着剂浓度和微波参数4个因素,对实验方案进行优化设计,并讨论了各因素对兔毛纤维改性处理效果的影响。本方法具有工艺流程短、成本低、操作简便、环保等优点。

兔绒、山羊绒氧化/酶改性处理对比研究

对兔绒、山羊绒和绵羊毛的结构、性能进行了对比分析,通过对兔绒、山羊绒进行适当的改性处理后,使纤维具有良好的可纺性,在大大减少兔羊绒纺织品的脱绒现象的同时,又保持了兔羊绒纺织品优异的风格特征。

母兔妊娠期饲粮蛋氨酸水平对仔兔毛囊发育的影响

本文旨在研究母兔妊娠期饲粮蛋氨酸水平对仔兔毛囊发育的影响。选择体重、胎次和历史产毛量相近的健康长毛兔母兔54只,随机分为3组,每组18个重复,每个重复1只。妊娠期各组分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.51%、0.71%和0.91%的饲粮。测定18胎龄、26胎龄、初生和2月龄时仔兔背部皮肤毛囊密度、直径以及2月龄时毛纤维直径。结果表明:1)仔兔的毛囊密度和直径以及2月龄粗毛纤维直径均随着蛋氨酸水平的升高呈增加趋势(P>0.05),0.91%组的2月龄细毛纤维直径显著大于0.51%组(P<0.05)。2)随着仔兔的发育,次级毛囊/初级毛囊逐渐增加,初生时0.51%组、0.71%组和0.91%组分别为5.84、5.56和5.81,至2月龄时分别为7.97、8.47和8.03。3)26胎龄至初生,0.51%组、0.71%组和0.91%组仔兔初级毛囊直径增加速度分别为0.58、0.57和0.61μm/d,初生至2月龄分别为0.11、0.11和0.12μm/d;初生至2月龄,0.51%组、0.71%组和0.91%组仔兔次级毛囊直径增加速度分别为0.00、0.01和0.01μm/d。结果提示,增加妊娠期母兔饲粮中蛋氨酸水平,有利于仔兔毛囊发育,能够提高细毛纤维直径。

兔毛角蛋白粉末对染料的脱色性能研究

分别采用机械研磨法和金属盐法从废弃的兔毛纤维中提取角蛋白并制成粉末,将制成的角蛋白粉末作为脱色剂,研究其对染料废水的脱色性能。结果表明:2种方法制得的兔毛角蛋白粉末对直接染料和弱酸性染料有很好的脱色性能,脱色率接近95%,在染料废水治理方面有很好的研究价值。

兔毛加工与综合利用研究新进展

采用形态结构的检测对不同生长部位和不同细度的兔毛进行质量评价。基于DNA分析的兔毛纤维鉴别方法实现了对混纺织物中兔毛成分的有效检测与精确识别,兔毛纤维吸放湿性能的系统研究为兔毛加工过程提供了有益的基础数据;接枝交联、微波、等离子体处理等方法被用于兔毛纤维的改性;新型毛网卷捻兔毛梳理机的研发使得兔毛梳理问题有了突破性进展;兔毛与彩棉、羊绒或再生纤维素纤维进行混纺是近来兔毛新产品开发的方向。兔毛低温染色和防脱毛整理是兔毛染整的研究重点,氨水、酶和树脂处理等方法被用于兔毛染整加工。将兔毛用于蛋白质整理剂和蛋白质粉体材料,是兔毛在精深加工和高效利用方面的新探索。