Deep vein thrombosis in patient with left-sided inferior vena cava draining into the hemiazygos vein: A case report

BACKGROUND Abnormalities of the inferior vena cava(IVC)are uncommon,and in many cases they are asymptomatic.Even so,it is vital that clinicians be aware of such anomalies prior to surgery in affected individuals.In the present report,we describe a rare anatomical variation of the IVC.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to deep vein thrombosis of the right lower extremity.Upon contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging,we found that this patient presented with a case of left-sided IVC draining into the hemiazygos vein,while his hepatic vein was directly draining into the atrium.CONCLUSION Cases of left-sided IVC can increase patient susceptibility to thromboembolism owing to the resultant changes in blood flow and/or associated vascular compression.

Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in inferior vena cava: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accompanied by a tumor thrombus is very common.However,the treatment strategy is controversial and varies by the location of the thrombus.CASE SUMMARY We report herein a case of HCC with a tumor thrombus in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava(IVC),which was successfully treated by hepatectomy combined with thrombectomy following sorafenib chemotherapy.A 47-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis was diagnosed with HCC.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor lesion was located in the right half of the liver,and a tumor thrombus was detected in the suprahepatic IVC near the right atrium.After multi-departmental discussion and patient informed consent,right major hepatectomy and total removal of the tumor thrombus were successfully performed under cardiopulmonary bypass.There were no serious complications after surgery.Following sorafenib treatment,no recurrence has been detected so far(11 mo later).CONCLUSION Surgical treatment followed by adjuvant sorafenib therapy might be an acceptable choice for HCC patients with tumor thrombosis in the IVC.

Manual aspiration thrombectomy for acute and subacute inferior vena cava thrombosis and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis(DVT), which can lead to pulmonary embolism(PE), is a major contributor to the global disease burden and is the third most common cardiovascular pathology after coronary artery disease and stroke. Venous thromboembolic disease, which encompasses the disease entities of DVT and PE, affects up to 10 million cases every year and represents a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Standard anticoagulation therapy alone is ineffective at promoting deep venous system thrombus removal. Many patients develop postthrombotic syndrome(PTS) despite being on adequate anticoagulation therapy. Aggressive therapy for rapid thrombus removal is important to prevent the development of PTS. Besides impeding the onset of PTS, rapid clearance of the thrombus is also required in the treatment of phlegmasia cerulea dolens, an uncommon but life-threatening complication of acute DVT that can lead to arterial insufficiency, compartment syndrome, venous gangrene, and limb amputation. Manual aspiration thrombectomy(MAT) can provide rapid and effective therapy that could be compared to the open surgical thrombectomy approach with minimal risk of morbidity, mortality, or recurrence after surgery. Though many devices have been developed to date for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, the cost of the treatment using these devices is very expensive. MAT is simple to perform, easy to learn, inexpensive, and rapid. This review will outline and dissect several studies and case reports, sourced from the Pub Med database, on the subject of the use of MAT in treating inferior vena cava thrombosis and lower extremity DVT, including in patients with compression of the iliac vein and phlegmasia cerulea dolens.

High Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in a 16-year-old Postpartum Patient:A Case Report

Postpartum inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare,but potentially life-threatening disorder.Here we reported one case of the youngest woman to date who presented with massive IVC thrombus extending from deep veins of the right leg to the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra,associated with asymptomatic pulmonary embolism.

Pediatric Pancreatic Lymphadenitis Tuberculosis Causing Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in Syria

Background: Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is very rare, mostly due to the antibacterial effects of the pancreatic enzymes. The association of thrombosis and tuberculosis has been reported but that of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis and pancreatic tuberculosis is extremely rare and has only been reported once. Case presentation: A case of pancreatic Tuberculosis and IVC thrombosis presented with constitutional symptoms. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography showed a lesion in the head of the pancreas and a large lymph mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of (IVC) showed thrombosis in the IVC. Histological examination revealed necrotizing granulomas after a laparotomy. The patient received antituberculosis chemotherapy and low molecular weight heparin. Conclusion: Pancreatic TB is a challenge to diagnose especially in Resource-poor countries, which might lead to delay in treatment and worse complications.

A Case Report and a Descriptive Retrospective Study of Cases of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis Diagnosed over a 10-Year Period in a Third Level Hospital

Inferior vena cava thrombosis is an under-recognized entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is the reason why, although the diagnosis is challenging, a high index of suspicion is required. Regarding this condition, we present the case of a 63-year-old man who had repeatedly visited the emergency room suffering from abdominal and back pain and painful lower limb edema. After several tests, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), he was diagnosed to have agenesis of left renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis, from hypercoagulable state secondary to Antiphospholipid Syndrome. He had anticoagulation treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin with good subsequent evolution. This study sets out a descriptive retrospective study of fifty cases of inferior vena cava thrombosis diagnosed in a third-level hospital in the north of Spain over a ten-year period (2010-2018). The aim of this article is to identify the epidemiology, predisposing factors and symptoms that characterize this entity, in order to be able to achieve an early diagnosis that allows us to initiate immediate treatment, minimizing acute and chronic complications of this disease.

Comparative outcomes of Inferior Vena Cava filters placed at bedside using digital radiography versus conventional fluoroscopy

Purpose:To retrospectively assess the outcomes of Inferior Vena Cava(IVC)filters placed in critically ill patients in the ICU at bedside using digital radiograph(DR)guidance with previous cross-sectional imaging for planning,compared to IVC filters placed by conventional fluoroscopy(CF).Method and materials:The cohort consisted of 129 IVC filter placements;48 placed at bedside and 81 placed conventionally from July 2015 to September 2016.Patient demographics,indication,radiation exposures,access site,procedural duration,dwell time,and complications were identified by the EMR.IVC Filter positioning with measurements of tip to renal vein distance and lateral filter tilt were performed when cavograms or post placement CTs were available for review.Statistical analysis was performed using Stata IC 11.2.Results:Technical success of the procedure was 100% in both groups.Procedural duration was longer at the bedside lasting 14.5+/-10.2 versus 6.7+/-6.0 min(p<0.0001).The bedside DR group had a median radiation exposure of 25 mGy(15-35)and the CF group had mean radiation exposure of 256.94 mGy+/-158.6.There was no significant difference in distance of IVC tip to renal vein(p=0.31),mispositioning(p=0.59),degree of filter tilt(p=0.33),or rate of complications(p=0.65)between the two groups.Conclusion:IVCF placement at the bedside using DR is comparable to CF with no statistical difference in outcomes based on IVCF positioning,degree of lateral tilt or removal issues.It decreased radiation dose,but with overall increased procedural time.

Clinical outcomes of Angio Jet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis

BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism(PE).However,filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation.Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy(ART)and catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)can treat filter-related caval thrombosis,but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.METHODS In this single-center retrospective study,65 patients(34 males and 31 females;mean age:59.0±13.43 years)with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022.These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group(n=44)or the CDT group(n=21).Clinical data and imaging information were collected.Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate,periprocedural complications,urokinase dosage,incidence of PE,limb circumference difference,length of stay,and filter removal rate.RESULTS Technical success rates were 100%in the AngioJet and CDT groups.In the AngioJet group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26(59.09%)and 14(31.82%)patients,respectively.In the CDT group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11(52.38%)patients and 8(38.10%)patients,respectively(P>0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment(P<0.05).The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08(0.02,0.25)million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50(1.17,1.83)million U in the CDT group(P<0.05).Minor bleeding was shown in 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group,and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No major bleeding occurred.Seven(15.91%)patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1(4.76%)patient in the CDT group had bacteremia.There were 8(18.18%)patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group before the intervention(P>0.05).Computed tomography angiopulmonography(CTA)showed that PE was resolved after the intervention.New PE occurred in 4(9.09%)patients in the AngioJet group and in 2(9.52%)patients in the CDT group after theintervention(P>0.05).These cases of PE were asymptomatic.The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group(11.67±5.34 d)than in the AngioJet group(10.64±3.52 d)(P<0.05).The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10(47.62%)patients in the CDT group and in 15(34.09%)patients in the AngioJet group(P>0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17(80.95%)out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42(95.45%)out of 44 patients in the ART group(P>0.05).The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16(13139)d in the CDT group and 59(12231)d in the ART group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis,AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects,improve the filter retrieval rate,reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Fracture Rate and Serious Complications of Vena Cava Filters

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of fracture and fragment embolization of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters. Methods: Electronic medical records and imaging studies of all Kaiser Permanente patients who received IVC filters from August 2000 until August 2010 were retrospectively reviewed for filter complications. Results: 283 patients received an IVC filter during the study period. 143 patients were deceased, while 140 are living. Among deceased patients, the average age at the time of death was 69.8 ± 15.3 [range: 24.7 - 99.2] years;55.9% were men;the mean implantation-to-image time was 13.6 ± 20.6 [range: 0 - 92.4] months, and there were no reported major complications attributable to filter migration or fracture at a mean of 16.8 ± 24.8 [range: 0 - 119.6] months following implantation. One of 14 (7.1%) G2 filters perforated the aorta, which already had a stent graft in place. Among those patients still living, the average age was 67.3 ± 15.2 [range: 15.2 - 97.3] years, 47.1% were men, the mean implantation-to-image time was 33.3 ± 36.5 [range: 0.1-141.7] months, and there were no reported major complications at a mean of 35.3 ± 36.5 [range: 0 - 141.7] months following implantation. Three of 60 (5.0%) Trapease filters were found to have at least 1 strut fracture. There were no cases of filter migration or fragment embolization. The overall fracture rate of all filters with an implantation-to-image-time greater than two years (mean implantation-to-image time 4.7 ± 2.7 [range: 2.0 - 11.8] years) was 3 of 67 (4.5%). Bard G2 and G2X filters had a 0% fracture and embolization rate at a mean of 19.0 ± 16.6 [range: 0.07 - 49.5] months after implantation. Conclusions: IVC filters, regardless of type, have a low prevalence of fracture and we found no cases of fragment embolization.

Fatal thrombotic complications of hepatic cystic compression of the inferior vena: A case report

Of 5% of patients who develop liver cysts, only 10-15%of them come for medical attention, typically because of dull right upper quadrant pain, abdominal bloating or early satiety. We treated a 77-year-old female with a rare complication of inferior vena cava thrombosis. The patient expired due to septic shock and multiple organ failure.

Treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) around renal vein

Objective To study and evaluate the treatment of the deep vein thrombosis(DVT) around the renal vein(DVT involving the renal vein and it's surrounding,shortly as DVTAR in our study)by two-positioned filter for catheter thrombectomy assisted with a Fogarty balloon.Methods We retrospectivly analysed seven cases of DVTAR and by comparison to elicit the respective effect different methods in DVT treatment.The methods used were:1.direct thrombectomy 2.thrombectomy facillitated by blocking of blood flow with a balloon 3.direct thrombolysis via Peripheral vein and 4.thrombectomy with simultaneous placement of a two-positioned filter with a Fogarty balloon and followed by intubation thrombolysis.Result Segmental pulmonary embolism(PE)or thrombosis in vena cava were still observed by CT angiography(CTA)or venography in those cases treated with the first three methods.As for the 3 cases where two-positioned filter for catheter thrombectomy with Fogarty balloon was used,neither pulmonary embolism during and after the operation nor thrombosis in the inferior vena cava was observed.Conclusion For DVTAR,thrombectomy with simultaneous placement of a two-positioned filter with a Fogarty balloon and followed by intubation thrombolysis can be regarded as safe and effective.

分期递增式球囊扩张术治疗布加综合征合并下腔静脉血栓的临床疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨分期递增式球囊扩张术治疗布加综合征(BCS)合并下腔静脉血栓的临床疗效及安全性。方法62例BCS合并下腔静脉血栓患者,均使用分期递增式球囊扩张术进行治疗。分析治疗结果(小球囊预开通成功率、血栓溶解率、并发症发生情况及死亡情况);比较手术前后实验室指标[白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、血小板计数(PLT)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、直接胆红素(DBil)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]。结果62例患者中,小球囊预开通成功率为61例(98.39%),有1例因下腔静脉长段闭塞而反复扩张无法开通;其中,新鲜血栓25例,均行经导管溶栓后清除,其余为陈旧性血栓,在1个月内完全溶解率为93.44%(57/61);所有患者围术期均未发生无症状性肺栓塞、死亡病例。患者术后PLT(131.65±37.02)×10^(9)/L、HDL-C(1.15±0.21)mmol/L均高于术前的(108.94±46.36)×10^(9)/L、(0.93±0.28)mmol/L,ALP(88.19±40.63)U/L、DBil(21.02±7.59)μmol/L均低于术前的(111.57±57.48)U/L、(24.89±9.98)μmol/L(P<0.05);手术前后WBC、RBC、Hb、ALB、ALT、AST、TC水平相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论在BCS合并下腔静脉血栓患者的治疗中,分期递增式球囊扩张术的临床疗效显著,手术成功率及血栓溶解率高,并发症发生率低,能有效调节PLT、HDL-C等水平,对改善预后有积极意义。

可调弯鞘在回收困难的伞形下腔静脉滤器取出术中的应用

目的探讨可调弯鞘在回收困难的伞形下腔静脉滤器取出术中的应用价值。方法收集2021年7月至2023年2月于南京中医药大学附属无锡医院就诊的24例滤器回收困难患者临床资料,均采用可调弯鞘进行滤器回收,分析所有患者的手术成功率,观察下腔静脉血流通畅情况、管壁情况、造影剂外溢或滞留情况、滤器情况、相关并发症发生情况。结果23例患者手术成功,1例因患有阿尔茨海默病,术中不能配合而放弃手术。回收滤器均结构完整、无折断,无变形,滤器取出后行下腔静脉造影均未发现造影剂滞留或外渗。手术时间25~120 min,平均58 min,未明显增加手术时间及费用,无相关并发症发生。结论应用可调弯鞘可以显著提高回收钩贴壁的下腔静脉滤器回收成功率,安全、有效,具有一定的临床应用价值。

循环旁路技术在肾癌合并下腔静脉癌栓外科治疗中的应用进展

肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)合并MayoⅢ~Ⅳ级下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗难度极高,切除此类癌栓常需阻断肝门血管和下腔静脉。体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)和深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA)等循环旁路技术能够建立新的循环通路以维持机体循环系统的正常运转,保护机体重要器官,从而保证手术的安全性。使用CPB和DHCA可能出现出血、神经系统功能障碍等并发症,其应用存在一定局限性。本文对以CPB和DHCA为代表的循环旁路技术在肾癌合并下腔静脉癌栓外科治疗中的应用进展进行综述,并讨论其并发症和应对策略。

不同入路放置下腔静脉滤器的效果分析

目的 探讨经颈静脉和经股静脉不同入路置入下腔静脉滤器(Inferior vena cava filter,IVCF)的效果差异。方法 选取我院收治的股静脉穿刺置管后发生急性髂股静脉血栓形成且单纯行IVCF置入术后资料完整患者66例,按IVCF置入的不同入路将以上患者分为经颈静脉入路组和经股静脉入路组,比较两组在出血、IVCF倾斜、排尿困难、腰背疼痛、舒适度、满意度、睡眠质量等方面的效果差异。结果 经颈静脉入路组排尿困难发生率低于经股静脉入路组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经颈静脉入路组腰背疼痛评分和睡眠质量平均评分均低于经股静脉入路组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),舒适度、满意度评分均高于经股静脉入路组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 经颈静脉穿刺IVCF置入可以降低患者术后排尿困难以及腰背疼痛的情况发生,患者具有较高的舒适度、满意度以及睡眠质量。

股静脉途径夹角预测锥形下腔静脉滤器倾斜研究

目的了解髂总静脉与下腔静脉夹角、髂总静脉与髂外静脉夹角与锥形下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)置入时倾斜之间的关系,为临床IVCF置入手术入路选择、IVCF类型选择提供参考。方法回顾性分析2019年1月—2021年9月本院介入科收治的86例行锥形IVCF置入术患者的临床资料,根据术中DSA影像资料,采用ROC分析髂总静脉与下腔静脉之间夹角、髂总静脉与髂外静脉之间夹角以及两者结合对IVCF置入后倾斜的预测价值。结果右股静脉入路,髂总静脉与下腔静脉夹角预测IVCF置入后不倾斜(滤器倾斜角度小于5°)的AUC(0.630)大于髂总静脉与髂外静脉夹角(0.554)、两者结合(0.609)。髂总静脉与下腔静脉角度最佳截断值156.5°;左股静脉入路,髂总静脉与下腔静脉夹角预测IVCF置入后不倾斜AUC(0.908)大于髂总静脉与髂外静脉夹角(0.689)、两者结合(0.852)。髂总静脉与下腔静脉夹角最佳截断值135°。结论IVCF置入时,经左股静脉入路,造影后髂总静脉与下腔静脉角度小于135°或经右股静脉入路,造影后髂总静脉与下腔静脉角度小于156.5°,锥形滤器发生倾斜可能性大,建议选择其他入路或者选择其他类型IVCF。

Radical surgery for Budd-Chiari syndrome through exposure of the entire inferior vena cava of the hepatic segment

Background Several kinds of radical surgery for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome （BCS） have been devised. We have described preliminary efforts to treat BCS using a novel radical resection technique to expose the entire inferior vena cava （IVC） of the hepatic segment. Methods Sixty patients with BCS were treated by radical resection, including 46 men and 14 women. BCS patients ranged in age from 11 to 62 years, with 3 months to 11 years since the BCS diagnosis. The lesions included membrane occlusion of the IVC in 16 patients, double membranes within the IVC in 2 patients, double membranes within the IVC and the hepatic vein （HV） in 3 patients, IVC membrane with distal thrombosis in 10 patients, long segment thrombosis of the IVC in 5 patients （organized thrombosis in 2 patients, fresh thrombosis in 3 patients）, occlusion of the outlet of the HVs due to mural thrombosis in 2 patients, segmental occlusion of the IVC in 3 patients, membranes within the HV with IVC stenosis due to protrusion of HV stent in 1 patient, HV membranes in 11 patients, extensive occlusion of HVs in 1 patient, the whole IVC tumor thrombus with tumor thrombus of 2/3 right atrium resulting from a posterior peritoneum tumor in 1 patient, IVC leiomyosarcoma in 2 patients, IVC leiomyosarcoma with tumor thrombus into 1/2 right atrium in 1 patient, IVC thrombosis extending into right atrium in 1 patient, compression of supra-hepatic segment of IVC due to fiber trabs in 1 patient. Results All lesions were successfully resected under direct supervision. Three procedures were performed under extracorporeal circulation, 52 patients with catheterization of the right atrium, 4 patients with a cell saver, and one patient with auto-retrieval of blood. The retrieved blood was from 300 ml to 4000 ml. Transfusion of banked blood was from 400 ml to 2000 ml for 14 patients. For the other patients no transfusion of banked blood was required. One patient died of renal failure peri-operatively. Newly formed IVC membrane was found for one recurrent patient whose IVC thrombosis was removed one year prior. Restenosis of the IVC was observed post-operatively without symptoms in one patient. In the other patients, no recurrent symptom was found during the follow-up periods. Conclusion This novel surgery provides a clear visual field during the procedure and yields satisfactory short and Iona-term results.

Vascular complications of liver abscess: A literature review

Extensive vascular network and proximity to the gastrointestinal tract make the liver susceptible to abscess formation.While pyogenic liver abscesses account for the majority of liver abscesses in the Western world,amebic liver abscesses are more prevalent in tropical and developing nations.Most liver abscesses heal without complications.However,various vascular complications can occur in these patients,including compression of the inferior vena cava,thrombosis of the portal vein and/or hepatic veins,hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm,direct rupture into major vessels or the pericardium,and biliovascular fistula.These compli-cations can present significant clinical challenges due to the potential for hae-morrhage,ischemia,and systemic embolism,thereby increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality.Mechanical compression,flow stasis,inflammation,endothelial injury,and direct invasion are some of the proposed mechanisms that can cause vascular complications in the setting of a liver abscess.For the diag-nosis,thorough assessment,and therapeutic planning of vascular complications,more sophisticated imaging techniques such as multidetector computed tomo-graphy angiography or magnetic resonance angiography may be necessary.Although most vascular complications resolve with abscess treatment alone,additional interventions may be required based on the nature,severity,and course of the complications.This article aims to provide a systematic update on the spectrum of vascular complications of liver abscesses,offering insights into their pathogenesis,diagnosis,and management strategies.

下腔静脉滤器+导管接触性溶栓+髂静脉支架治疗下肢深静脉血栓的临床研究

目的探讨下腔静脉滤器、导管接触性溶栓联合髂静脉支架治疗下肢深静脉血栓的临床效果。方法选取2020年5月—2023年5月济南北城医院收治的96例下肢深静脉血栓患者为研究对象。依据手术治疗方式不同将患者分为两组,各48例。对照组采取下腔静脉滤器、导管接触性溶栓治疗,观察组采取下腔静脉滤器、导管接触性溶栓联合髂静脉支架治疗。比较两组治疗效果、消肿效果、静脉通畅效果、凝血功能、生活质量。结果观察组治愈率为93.75%(45/48),高于对照组的79.17%(38/48),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.359,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组静脉通畅评分、大腿周径、小腿周径低于对照组,大腿及小腿的消肿率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组凝血酶原时间长于对照组,纤维蛋白原水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组静脉功能不全-生活质量/症状评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论下腔静脉滤器、导管接触性溶栓联合髂静脉支架治疗在下肢深静脉血栓患者中应用效果良好,可促使患肢肿胀消退,恢复血流通畅。

Günther Tulip可回收式腔静脉滤器在急性下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗中的作用

目的探讨Günther Tulip可回收式腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓形成介入治疗中的应用效果及操作技术。方法 2007年9月至2008年4月于我院就治的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者36例,发病时间1～12h,发病诱因包括术后及骨折后卧床18例、产后5例、无明显诱因13例;合并肺动脉栓塞12例。症状表现为患肢肿胀(患肢大腿周径比健侧大3～10cm)、疼痛、皮肤呈青紫色或苍白,皮温升高或正常,合并肺动脉栓塞者表现为呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血等。分别经股静脉或经右颈内静脉置入Günther Tulip可回收式腔静脉滤器后,均行静脉内置管溶栓治疗。术后45～75d经血管超声及血管造影复查证实下肢静脉及肺动脉内无新鲜或游离血栓后,经右颈内静脉入路行Günther Tulip腔静脉滤器取出术,复查下腔静脉造影。术后给予抗凝、抗炎治疗3～5d。随访4～10个月。结果共置入Günther Tulip可回收式腔静脉滤器36枚,均一次性释放成功,释放过程平均耗时1.5min(0.5～5min),释放过程中滤器弹跳幅度小于2mm,1例滤器置入时倾斜25°,滤器置入后未出现新发生肺动脉栓塞的临床表现。12例患者于术后45～75d行Günther Tulip腔静脉滤器取出术,均一次性回收成功,回收过程耗时4.4min(2～15min),下腔静脉造影复查未见管壁穿孔及破裂征象。其余24例患者未行滤器取出术,随访期间未出现肺动脉栓塞及下腔静脉闭塞的临床表现。结论 Günther Tulip可回收式腔静脉滤器具有释放定位准确、捕获血栓能力较高、可取出时间期限长(溶栓治疗时间窗长)、回收成功率高等优点,在下肢深静脉血栓介入治疗中的临床效果良好,技术操作成功率较高。