Objective:To identify the reasons for delayed reception of post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 1407 individuals with animal bites who were referred to the Abadeh Rabies Trea...Objective:To identify the reasons for delayed reception of post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 1407 individuals with animal bites who were referred to the Abadeh Rabies Treatment Center were investigated using the census method from January 2012 to December 2018.The patients were divided into two groups based on their delay times to referral and receive PEP:timely referral(less than 48 h after the bite)and delayed referral(equal to or longer than 48 h after the bite).Frequency,Chi-square,and logistic regression tests were used.Results:.The average delay time was(16.33±11.37)h.Low level of education(OR:3.87;95%CI:1.19-12.54;P=0.02),active economic age(21-35 and 36-50 years-old,OR:12.81;95%CI:3.16-51.97;P<0.001 and OR:3.83,95%CI:3.83-58.61;P<0.001 respectively),occupation(OR:9.16;95%CI:1.89-44.29;P=0.006),long distance from the rabies treatment center(OR:3.41;95%CI:2.03-5.72;P<0.001),bites by household and domestic animals(OR:12.22;95%CI:2.29-65.18,P=0.003),superficial injuries(OR:4.51;95%CI:1.38-14.73;P=0.01),and residence in rural area(OR:12.74;95%CI:6.58-24.66;P<0.001)had significant correlations with delayed referral of victims.Conclusions:To reduce the delay time,the high-risk groups should be informed about the importance of timely referral via educational measures.Furthermore,rabies treatment services should be rendered at the nearest possible center.展开更多
Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly ...Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly reported, despite training measures for health workers, awareness-raising and communities, and the availability of vaccines. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the determinants of human rabies deaths in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2022. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out from January to August 2023 on all the records of patients who died of human rabies at the Treichville Rabies Center from 2016 to 2022. An analysis of the rabies center’s annual activity reports from 2016 to 2022 was also carried out in order to complete the information gathered from the files. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics showed that out of 148 deaths, children accounted for 47.97% (71) and 66.22% (98) of rabies deaths were male, with an M/F sex ratio of 1.96. In terms of clinical characteristics, in 97.30% (144) of cases, the deceased had presented with furious rabies, and analysis by the Pasteur Institute of Côte d’Ivoire laboratory confirmed 101 cases (92.66%) of human rabies. Geographical distribution showed that cases of human rabies were recorded in 56 health district, and 64% (94) of the deceased lived in rural areas. The main causes of the occurrence of rabies were essentially non-use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and missed vaccination due to ignorance. Conclusion: In view of these results, control strategies and interventions need to be adapted to the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, using a community-based approach with a view to eliminating dog-transmitted rabies by 2030.展开更多
Objectives:To investigate the epidemiology of animal bites and associated factors in Abadeh district(central Iran)from 2012 to 2018.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,1407 individuals with animal bites who were ref...Objectives:To investigate the epidemiology of animal bites and associated factors in Abadeh district(central Iran)from 2012 to 2018.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,1407 individuals with animal bites who were referred to the Abadeh Rabies Treatment Center were investigated by using the census method from 2012 to 2018.The variables included the victim's demographic information(age,gender,occupation),the type of biting animals(dog,cat,and other animals),the domesticated and wild animals,the time of biting based on year and month,the residence location(urban or rural),the treatment status,and the anatomical location of the wounds.Results:The annual incidence rate of animal bites was 189.62 per 100000 population.Totally 83.4%of the victims were male.The average age was(33.66±18.97)years and individuals in the age range of 36-50 years were greater at risk.Most of the animal bites were from dogs(77.8%).About two thirds(62.1%)of the bites were from household animals.A total of 57.1%of individuals lived in urban areas.Most victims were engaged in farming and animal husbandry.The highest prevalence of animal bites(37.4%)happened in the summer.None of the patients had any clinical signs of rabies.Conclusions:To reduce the incidence of animal bites,high-risk groups including farmers and ranchers should be educated about bite prevention,and it should be ensured that they are managed correctly.展开更多
目的掌握青岛市狂犬病暴露后预防处置（PEP）门诊建设现状与服务能力。方法对青岛市级卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊全部调查,区（市）和乡（镇）机构的门诊分别随机抽查4/5和1/4以上,内容包括人力资源、设置区域、主要必备物品和服务能力。...目的掌握青岛市狂犬病暴露后预防处置（PEP）门诊建设现状与服务能力。方法对青岛市级卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊全部调查,区（市）和乡（镇）机构的门诊分别随机抽查4/5和1/4以上,内容包括人力资源、设置区域、主要必备物品和服务能力。数据录入用Excel 2007软件,χ2检验用Epi Info 6.04软件。结果每个门诊人数在2~39人之间,平均12.54人。兼职人员占总数的83.73%。医师与护士人数之比为1∶1.13。外科和全科医师占医师总数的90.85%。有执业证护士占93.07%。门诊设置在1个科室和区域的占64.00%。所有被调查门诊均有消毒乙醇和碘酒,98.00%有应急抢救药品,90.00%使用冷链,74.00%有体重秤,84.00%24 h开诊,均能进行局部伤口处理和注射狂犬病疫苗,50.00%开展狂犬病免疫球蛋白注射。市级机构门诊好于其他门诊。结论青岛市不同级别卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊建设与服务能力差别明显,一些区（市）级和乡（镇）卫生机构的狂犬病门诊建设应当加强。展开更多
文摘Objective:To identify the reasons for delayed reception of post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 1407 individuals with animal bites who were referred to the Abadeh Rabies Treatment Center were investigated using the census method from January 2012 to December 2018.The patients were divided into two groups based on their delay times to referral and receive PEP:timely referral(less than 48 h after the bite)and delayed referral(equal to or longer than 48 h after the bite).Frequency,Chi-square,and logistic regression tests were used.Results:.The average delay time was(16.33±11.37)h.Low level of education(OR:3.87;95%CI:1.19-12.54;P=0.02),active economic age(21-35 and 36-50 years-old,OR:12.81;95%CI:3.16-51.97;P<0.001 and OR:3.83,95%CI:3.83-58.61;P<0.001 respectively),occupation(OR:9.16;95%CI:1.89-44.29;P=0.006),long distance from the rabies treatment center(OR:3.41;95%CI:2.03-5.72;P<0.001),bites by household and domestic animals(OR:12.22;95%CI:2.29-65.18,P=0.003),superficial injuries(OR:4.51;95%CI:1.38-14.73;P=0.01),and residence in rural area(OR:12.74;95%CI:6.58-24.66;P<0.001)had significant correlations with delayed referral of victims.Conclusions:To reduce the delay time,the high-risk groups should be informed about the importance of timely referral via educational measures.Furthermore,rabies treatment services should be rendered at the nearest possible center.
文摘Introduction: Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease outside the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Data from previous studies and reports from the rabies center show that cases of death from human rabies are regularly reported, despite training measures for health workers, awareness-raising and communities, and the availability of vaccines. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the determinants of human rabies deaths in Côte d’Ivoire from 2016 to 2022. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out from January to August 2023 on all the records of patients who died of human rabies at the Treichville Rabies Center from 2016 to 2022. An analysis of the rabies center’s annual activity reports from 2016 to 2022 was also carried out in order to complete the information gathered from the files. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics showed that out of 148 deaths, children accounted for 47.97% (71) and 66.22% (98) of rabies deaths were male, with an M/F sex ratio of 1.96. In terms of clinical characteristics, in 97.30% (144) of cases, the deceased had presented with furious rabies, and analysis by the Pasteur Institute of Côte d’Ivoire laboratory confirmed 101 cases (92.66%) of human rabies. Geographical distribution showed that cases of human rabies were recorded in 56 health district, and 64% (94) of the deceased lived in rural areas. The main causes of the occurrence of rabies were essentially non-use of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and missed vaccination due to ignorance. Conclusion: In view of these results, control strategies and interventions need to be adapted to the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, using a community-based approach with a view to eliminating dog-transmitted rabies by 2030.
文摘Objectives:To investigate the epidemiology of animal bites and associated factors in Abadeh district(central Iran)from 2012 to 2018.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,1407 individuals with animal bites who were referred to the Abadeh Rabies Treatment Center were investigated by using the census method from 2012 to 2018.The variables included the victim's demographic information(age,gender,occupation),the type of biting animals(dog,cat,and other animals),the domesticated and wild animals,the time of biting based on year and month,the residence location(urban or rural),the treatment status,and the anatomical location of the wounds.Results:The annual incidence rate of animal bites was 189.62 per 100000 population.Totally 83.4%of the victims were male.The average age was(33.66±18.97)years and individuals in the age range of 36-50 years were greater at risk.Most of the animal bites were from dogs(77.8%).About two thirds(62.1%)of the bites were from household animals.A total of 57.1%of individuals lived in urban areas.Most victims were engaged in farming and animal husbandry.The highest prevalence of animal bites(37.4%)happened in the summer.None of the patients had any clinical signs of rabies.Conclusions:To reduce the incidence of animal bites,high-risk groups including farmers and ranchers should be educated about bite prevention,and it should be ensured that they are managed correctly.
文摘目的掌握青岛市狂犬病暴露后预防处置（PEP）门诊建设现状与服务能力。方法对青岛市级卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊全部调查,区（市）和乡（镇）机构的门诊分别随机抽查4/5和1/4以上,内容包括人力资源、设置区域、主要必备物品和服务能力。数据录入用Excel 2007软件,χ2检验用Epi Info 6.04软件。结果每个门诊人数在2~39人之间,平均12.54人。兼职人员占总数的83.73%。医师与护士人数之比为1∶1.13。外科和全科医师占医师总数的90.85%。有执业证护士占93.07%。门诊设置在1个科室和区域的占64.00%。所有被调查门诊均有消毒乙醇和碘酒,98.00%有应急抢救药品,90.00%使用冷链,74.00%有体重秤,84.00%24 h开诊,均能进行局部伤口处理和注射狂犬病疫苗,50.00%开展狂犬病免疫球蛋白注射。市级机构门诊好于其他门诊。结论青岛市不同级别卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊建设与服务能力差别明显,一些区（市）级和乡（镇）卫生机构的狂犬病门诊建设应当加强。
