Ulcerative colitis in a multiracial Asian country: Racial difference and clinical presentation among Malaysian patients

AIM： To determine the prevalence of ulcerative colitis （UC） in Malaysian patients and to establish the spectrum of the disease seen in Malaysian patients. METHODS： Data were obtained retrospectively from a review of the medical records of in- and out-patients with a diagnosis of UC at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur between 1985 and 1998. RESULTS： There were 45 confirmed cases of UC, of which 3 were foreigners, who were excluded from analysis. Thirty new cases of UC were diagnosed during the study period. Their mean age at presentation was 33.0±10.0 years. The highest prevalence of UC was 17.9/100 000 hospital admissions in the Indians, followed by 11.2/100 000 hospital admissions in the Chinese. The lowest prevalence was 3.7/100 000 hospital admissions in the Malays. The prevalence of UC was significantly higher in the Indians and the Chinese when compared with the Malays with an OR of 4.89 （CI = 2.02-12.24; x^2 = 15.45, P〈0.001） and 3.06 （CI = 1.24-7.78; x^2= 6.30; P= 0.012） respectively. The extent of colonic disease Was similar in the Malay and Indian patients. In contrast, distal or left-sided colitis predominated in the Chinese with an OR of 8.17 （95%CI = 1.31-64.87; x^2 = 5.53, P = 0.02）. Extraintestinal manifestations were uncommon （11.9%）. CONCLUSION： UC is an uncommon disease in Malaysia, but racial differences exist. The Indians had the highest prevalence of UC with the Chinese demonstrating the least extensive disease.

Racial Differences in Left Ventricular Filling Pressure Following Acute Aerobic Exercise Between Chinese and Caucasians

Background Left ventricular filling pressure(LVFP)is an important early indicator of heart failure that is more prevalent in Caucasians than Chinese.Exercise-induced change in LVFP may provide more incremental information to assess dias-tolic function.But it was unknown whether there was difference in LVFP following acute exercise between Caucasians and Chinese.Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of LVFP following an acute 45-min aerobic exercise in healthy Caucasian and Chinese individuals.Methods Sixty participants(30 Caucasians and 30 Chinese,half was male,respectively)performed an acute bout of aero-bic exercise at 70%of heart rate reserve.Hemodynamics,Left ventricle(LV)morphology and function parameters were measured at baseline,then at 30-min and 60-min post-exercise.Results There was a similar LV ejection fraction,LV fraction shorten,lateral E/eʹand lateral eʹbetween Chinese and Caucasians at baseline.There was a significant race-by-time interaction in lateral E/eʹand lateral eʹbetween Chinese and Caucasians from pre-exercise to 30 min and 60 min after acute aerobic exercise.TheΔE/eʹwas significant correlated with baseline systolic blood pressure.Conclusion The change of LVFP was different between Chinese and Caucasians following acute aerobic exercise.The racial differences may be primarily caused by the changes of LV relaxation following exercise,baseline systolic blood pressure may also contribute to the differences.

Prostate cancer in Asia:A collaborative report

The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.

The Use of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in a Chinese Population to Predict Cardiovascular Events

Objective To explore associations between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and the risk of cardiovascular events in a Chinese population,with a long-term follow-up.Methods A random sample of 2,031 participants(73.6%males,mean age=60.4 years)was derived from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study(APAC)from 2010 to 2011.Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The composite endpoint was a combination of first-ever stroke,myocardial infarction(MI)or all-cause death.Lp-PLA2 associations with outcomes were assessed using Cox models.Results The median Lp-PLA2 level was 141.0 ng/m L.Over a median follow-up of 9.1 years,we identified 389 events(19.2%),including 137 stroke incidents,43 MIs,and 244 all-cause deaths.Using multivariate Cox regression,when compared with the lowest Lp-PLA2 quartile,the hazard ratios with95%confidence intervals for developing composite endpoints,stroke,major adverse cardiovascular events,and all-cause death were 1.77(1.24–2.54),1.92(1.03–3.60),1.69(1.003–2.84),and 1.94(1.18–3.18)in the highest quartile,respectively.Composite endpoints in 145(28.6%)patients occurred in the highest quartile where Lp-PLA2(159.0 ng/m L)was much lower than the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists recommended cut-off point,200 ng/m L.Conclusion Higher Lp-PLA2 levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular event/death in a middle-aged Chinese population.The Lp-PLA2 cut-off point may be lower in the Chinese population when predicting cardiovascular events.

Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic very important pharmacogenes variants in Chinese Lisu population

OBJECTIVE The specificity of drug therapy in individuals and races has promoted the development and improvement of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine.While there is a few cognition on the minorities in China,especially in Lisu nationality from the Yunnan province.Therefore,we performed the research to improve the role of pharmacogenomics in the Lisu population from the Yunnan province of China.METHODS 54 variants of very important pharmacogenes selected from the PharmGKB database were genotyped in 199 unrelated and healthy Lisu adults from the Yunnan province of China,and then,genotyping data wtih χ^(2) test were analyzed.RESULTS We compared our data with those of other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project,and acquired that the Lisu ethnicity is similar with the CDX(Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna,China)and CHS(Southern Han Chinese,China).Furthermore,rs776746(CYP3A5),rs1805123(KCNH2),rs4291(ACE),rs1051298(SLC19A1)and rs1065852(CYP2D6)were deemed as the most varying loci.The MAF of“G”at rs1805123(KCNH2)in the Lisu population was the largest with the value of 51.0%.CONCLUSION There are significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphism loci,supplementing the pharmacogenomic information of the Lisu population in Yunnan province,China,and can provide a theoretical basis for individualized medication in the future.