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Characteristics and fate behavior of environmentally persistent free radicals in atmospheric particulate matter
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作者 WANG Xueying CUI Long +2 位作者 XUE Yonggang HO Kinfai HUANG Yu 《地球环境学报》 CSCD 2024年第4期596-611,共16页
Background,aim,and scope Environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)have received significant attention due to their longer lifetime and stable existence in various environments.The strong environmental migration ... Background,aim,and scope Environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)have received significant attention due to their longer lifetime and stable existence in various environments.The strong environmental migration ability of particulate matter allows EPFRs to migrate over long-distance transport,thereby impacting the quality of the local atmospheric environment.Additionally,EPFRs can also adhere to atmospheric particles and interact with typical gaseous pollutants to affect atmospheric chemical reactions.EPFRs can produce some reactive organic species,promoting oxidative stress in the human body,damaging biological macromolecules and ultimately affecting the organism health.EPFRs are considered as a novel type of pollutant that affects human health.Despite their significance,there are few literatures available on the characteristics and fate behaviors of EPFRs up to date.Therefore,supplemental reviews are crucial for providing comprehensive understanding of EPFRs.Materials and methods This review summarizes the characteristics of EPFRs in particulate matter,outlines the generation mechanism and influencing factors of EPFRs,and the impacts of EPFRs on environmental quality and organism health.Results The content of EPFRs in particulate matter ranges from 1017 to 1020 spins∙g−1.Due to the strong mobility of atmospheric particulate matter,the long-term exposure to high levels of EPFRs may aggravate the impact of particulate matter on human health.The interaction between EPFRs and typical gaseous pollutants can alter their fate and influence atmospheric chemical reactions.EPFRs are mainly produced by transition metal elements and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons through electron transfer.Additionally,the chemical bond rupture of organic substances through heat treatment or ultraviolet radiation can also produce EPFRs,and heterogeneous reactions are capable producing them as well.The production of EPFRs is not only influenced by transition metal elements and precursors,but also by various environmental factors such as oxygen,temperature,light radiation,and relative humidity.Discussion EPFRs in atmospheric particulates matters are usually rich in fine particulates with obvious seasonal and regional variations.They can easily enter the human respiratory tract and lungs with inhalable particulates,thereby increasing the risk of exposure.Additionally,EPFRs in atmospheric particulates can interact with some typical gaseous pollutants,impacting the life and fate of EPFRs in the atmosphere,and alter atmospheric chemical reactions.Traditionally,EPFRs are generated by transition metal elements and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons undergoing electron transfer in the post-flame and cool-zone regions of combustion systems and other thermal processes to remove HCl,H2O or CO groups,ultimately produce semiquinones,phenoxyls,and cyclopentadienyls.Recent studies have indicated that EPFRs can also be generated under the conditions of without transition metal elemental.Organics can also produce EPFRs through chemical bond rupture during heat treatment or light radiation conditions,as well as through some heterogeneous reactions and photochemical secondary generation of EPFRs.The presence or absence of oxygen has different effects on the type and yield of EPFRs.The concentration,type,and crystal type of transition metal elements will affect the type,content,and atmospheric lifetime of EPFRs.It is generally believed that the impact of transition metal element types on EPFRs is related to the oxidation-reduction potential.The combustion temperature or heat treatment process significantly affects the type and amount of EPFRs.Factors such as precursor loading content,pH conditions,light radiation and relative humidity also influence the generation of EPFRs.EPFRs can interact with pollutants in the environment during their migration and transformation process in environmental medium.This process accelerates the degradation of pollutants and plays a crucial role in the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in environmental media.The reaction process of EPFRs may lead to the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)such as∙OH,which can induce oxidative stress,inflammation and immune response to biological lung cells and tissues,leading to chronic respiratory and cardiopulmonary dysfunction,cardiovascular damage and neurotoxic effects,ultimately impacting the health of organisms.Conclusions The interaction mechanism between EPFRs in particulate matter and gaseous pollutants remains unclear.Furthermore,research on the generation mechanism of EPFRs without the participation of transition metals is not comprehensive,and the detection of EPFRs is limited to simple qualitative categories and lack accurate qualitative analysis.Recommendations and perspectives Further research should be conducted on the generation mechanism,measurement techniques,migration pathways,and transformation process of EPFRs.It is also important to explore the interaction between EPFRs in atmospheric particulate matter and typical gaseous pollutants. 展开更多
关键词 particulate matter(PM) environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs) formation mechanism influencing factors
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Free radicals trigger the closure of open pores in lignin-derived hard carbons toward improved sodium-storage capacity
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作者 Wen-Jun Ji Zong-Lin Yi +8 位作者 Ming-Xin Song Xiao-Qian Guo Yi-Lin Wang Yi-Xuan Mao Fang-Yuan Su Jing-Peng Chen Xian-Xian Wei Li-Jing Xie Cheng-Meng Chen 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期551-559,共9页
The chemical activation of various precursors is effective for creating additional closed pores in hard carbons for sodium storage.However,the formation mechanism of closed pores under the influence of pore-forming ag... The chemical activation of various precursors is effective for creating additional closed pores in hard carbons for sodium storage.However,the formation mechanism of closed pores under the influence of pore-forming agents is not well understood.Herein,an effective chemical activation followed by a high-temperature self-healing strategy is employed to generate interconnected closed pores in lignin-derived hard carbon(HCs).By systematic experimental design combined with electron paramagnetic res-onance spectroscopy,it can be found that the content of free radicals in the carbon matrix influences the closure of open pores at high temperatures.Excessively high activation temperature(>700 C)leads to a low free radical concentration,making it difficult to achieve self-healing of open pores at high tempera-tures.By activation at 700°C,a balance between pore making and self-healing is achieved in the final hard carbon.A large number of free radicals triggers rapid growth and aggregation of carbon microcrys-tals,blocking pre-formed open micropores and creating additional interconnected closed pores in as-obtained hard carbons.As a result,the optimized carbon anode(LK-700-1300)delivers a high reversible capacity of 330.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.03 A g^(-1),which is an increase of 86 mA h g^(-1) compared to the pristine lignin-derived carbon anode(L-700-1300),and exhibits a good rate performance(202.1 mA h g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1)).This work provides a universal and effective guidance for tuning closed pores of hard carbons from otherprecursors. 展开更多
关键词 Hard carbon Chemical activation Free radical SELF-HEALING Closed pores Sodium ion batteries
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Decontamination of Cr(Ⅵ) from water using sewage sludge-derived biochar: Role of environmentally persistent free radicals 被引量:2
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作者 Yuhan Zhu Jia Wei Jun Li 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期97-103,共7页
Biochar is a well-known material for pollutant removal owing to its low cost and rich surface functionality. A kind of highly active substance, called environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs), can be produced i... Biochar is a well-known material for pollutant removal owing to its low cost and rich surface functionality. A kind of highly active substance, called environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs), can be produced in the preparation process of biochar, playing an important role in the removal of pollutants.In this study, sludge-derived biochars(SBC_(120) and SBC_(270)) were prepared by the hydrothermal carbonization under two temperatures(120℃ and 270℃) to investigate their removal abilities of Cr(Ⅵ). The maximum removal amounts of Cr(Ⅵ) by SBC_(120) and SBC_(270) were 16.58 and 22.93 mg·g^(-1), respectively. It was further revealed that the appearance of Cr(Ⅲ), as a result of EPFRs on sludge-derived biochar(SBC) transferred electrons to Cr(Ⅵ) in neutral solutions. That is to say, oxygen-centered(O-centered) EPFRs on SBC_(120) and carbon-centered(C-centered) EPFRs on SBC_(270) all could be used as electron donors to Cr(Ⅵ) to make it become Cr(Ⅲ). This study not only provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of pollutants removal by sludge-derived biochar but also offers a new perspective on the direct effect of EPFRs on pollutants. 展开更多
关键词 Sludge-derived biochar Environmentally persistent free radicals Chromium Removal Reduction
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Sustainable Generation of Sulfate Radicals and Decontamination of Micropollutants via Sequential Electrochemistry
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作者 Wentian Zheng Shijie You +4 位作者 Yuan Yao Nanqi Ren Bin Ding Fang Li Yanbiao Liu 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第11期144-152,共9页
The removal of emerging micropollutants in the aquatic environment remains a global challenge.Conventional routes are often chemically,energetically,and operationally intensive,which decreases their sustainability dur... The removal of emerging micropollutants in the aquatic environment remains a global challenge.Conventional routes are often chemically,energetically,and operationally intensive,which decreases their sustainability during applications.Herein,we develop an advanced chemical-free strategy for micropollutants decontamination that is solely based on sequential electrochemistry involving ubiquitous sulfate anions in natural and engineered waters.This can be achieved via a chain reaction initiated by electrocatalytic anodic sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-))oxidation to produce persulfate(S_(2)O_(8)^(2-))and followed by a cathodic persulfate reduction to produce sulfate radicals(SO_(4)^(·-)).These SO_(4)^(·-)are powerful reactive species that enable the unselective degradation of micropollutants and yield SO_(4)^(2-)again in the treated water.The proposed flow-through electrochemical system achieves the efficient degradation(100.0%)and total organic carbon removal(65.0%)of aniline under optimized conditions with a single-pass mode.We also reveal the effectiveness of the proposed system for the degradation of a wide array of emerging micropollutants over a broad pH range and in complex matrices.This work provides the first proof-ofconcept demonstration using ubiquitous sulfate for micropollutants decontamination,making water purification more sustainable and more economical. 展开更多
关键词 Advanced oxidation Chain reaction Sulfate radical MICROPOLLUTANTS Sequential electrochemistry
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Extraction Storage and Qualitative Analysis of Free Radicals Scavenging Substances from Sweet Potato Leaves 被引量:9
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作者 王友升 董银卯 +1 位作者 宋彦 黑维俭 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2008年第2期1-5,9,共6页
[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [ Method ] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging sub... [ Objective ] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [ Method ] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging substances from sweet potato leaves were optimized by orthogonal test and the bioactive components in extracts were investigated by correlation analysis. [ Result] Sweet potato leaves contain the bioactive substances scavenging DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. Extracting solvent species is the most important factor that influencing extraction yield. The optimal extraction and storage conditions are as following: water as solvent, pH 8.0 of extracting liquid, storage at 25 ℃. There is a good positive linear relationship between the content of total phenols in sweet potato leaves and corresponding scavenging rates against both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. For the content of total flavones in sweet potato leaves, just a correlation with scavenging rate against hydroxyl free radical shown in test. [ Conclusion] The phenols in ex- tracts could effectively scavenge both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical, whereas the flavones in extracts can only function on the hydroxyl free radical. 展开更多
关键词 Sweet potato leaves Free radicals scavenging Total phenol Total flavones
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Factors Influencing the Effects of Theabrownin in Pu-erh Tea on Scavenging DPPH Radicals 被引量:9
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作者 董文明 谭超 龚加顺 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2013年第2期317-323,共7页
[Objective] This study aimed to explore factors influencing the effects of theabrownin in Pu-erh tea on scavenging DPPH radicals. [Method] Taking Pu-erh tea as main research object, theabrownin in Pu-erh tea from tea ... [Objective] This study aimed to explore factors influencing the effects of theabrownin in Pu-erh tea on scavenging DPPH radicals. [Method] Taking Pu-erh tea as main research object, theabrownin in Pu-erh tea from tea piles with different times of mixture, stored for different years and processed by both the old and new techniques were extracted and isolated. And DPPH method was used to study the effects of theabrownin solution and tea liquor on scavenging radicals and their antioxidant activity. [Result] The result showed that the theabrownin content in Pu-erh tea from tea piles with one to four times of mixture revealed a first declining and subsequently rising trend. Under different pH conditions, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of 1 mg/ml theabrownin solution made from tea piles with different times of mixture decreased gradually with the increase of pH, and all the rates were lower than that of the control vitamin C solution; the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin from tea samples stored for different years and produced by different techniques dropped slowly within pH range 3.0-6.0; when pH was higher than 6.0, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin from tea samples produced by both new and traditional techniques in 2001 declined obviously, while the declining trend was not obvious in either the black tea or the Pu-erh tea produced by new technique in 2005. Under different theabrownin concentrations, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin solution made from tea piles with different times of mixture ascended as the concentration increased and the highest rate occurred in tea pile with four times of mixture, reaching up to 46.56%±0.88%; for tea samples stored for different years and produced by different techniques, the rates of DPPH radical scavenging of theabrownin rose gradually with the increase of the theabrownin concentration; the rate of radical scavenging of theabrownin in the black tea ascended obviously and that in Pu-erh tea was decreasing within the concentration range of 0.04 -0.06 mg/ml. At pH6.0, the DPPH radical scavenging ability of theabrownin in 0.1 mg/ml theabrownin solution and tea liquor containing 0.1mg/ml theabrownin from tea piles with different times of mixture ascended with the time of mixture; solution made from tea samples produced by different techniques in different years, the DPPH radical scavenging ability of theabrownin solution and tea liquor followed: Pu-erh tea produced by the new technique in 2001 ﹥ Pu-erh tea produced by the old technique in 2001﹥ Pu-erh tea produced by the new technique in 2005. And the DPPH radical scavenging ability of theabrownin in tea liquor containing 0.1 mg/ml theabrownin was higher than that in 0.1 mg/ml theabrownin Solution made from tea samples either with different times of mixture or produced by different techniques in different years. The above results indicated that many factor influenced the effects of theabrownin on eliminating DPPH radicals, including the time of fermentation, fermentation technique, years of storage, concentration and pH all had great influence on the effects of theabrownin on eliminating radicals. To ensure a good effect on scavenging radicals, it is better to prepare theabrownin at pH6.0 with concentration between 0.08 and 0.1 mg/ml for drinking. [Conclusion] Results of this study provide a basis for developing functional products of theabrownin from Pu-erh tea in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Pu-erh tea THEABROWNIN Antioxidant activity DPPH radicals
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The Jacobson and Brown-McCoy Radicals of Certain Group Rings
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作者 周永新 《Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics》 CSCD 1995年第3期91-96,共6页
In this paper, we determine the Jacobson radicals and Brown-McCoy radicals of group rings of certain non-abelian groups and generalize some known results.
关键词 group rings Jacobson radicals Brown-McCoy radicals nilpotent groups Frobenius groups
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Relationship between Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning and Damages Induced by Free Radicals 被引量:29
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作者 ZHOU JUN-FU XU GEN-BO FANG WEI-JUN 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第2期177-186,共10页
关键词 Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning Free radicals Lipoperoxides Nitric oxide ANTIOXIDANTS Antioxidases
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Abnormal Reactions of Free Radicals and Oxidative Damages in the Bodies of Patients With Chronic Glomerulonephritis 被引量:23
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作者 ZHOUJUN-FU CHENJIA-XI 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第3期233-244,共12页
Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty ... Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (?CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and -CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and ?CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454 0.000001). The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137, standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling抯 T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P = 0.000001. Conclusions The findings in this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies. 展开更多
关键词 Chronic glomerulonephritis Free radicals Oxidation LIPOPEROXIDATION Nitric oxide Lipoperoxides ANTIOXIDANT Antioxidase Oxidative stress Oxidative damage
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Component Analysis and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Physalis alkekengi L. Polysaccharide 被引量:19
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作者 CHENG Ying-kun LI Lei MENG Zhao-kun HOU A-li WU Yu-jie TENG Li-rong 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第2期167-170,共4页
A crude polysaccharide was extracted from Physalis alkekengi L. fruit. HPLC was used for the component analysis of the polysaccharide. The results indicate that Physalis alkekengi L. polysaccharide(PAP) was composed... A crude polysaccharide was extracted from Physalis alkekengi L. fruit. HPLC was used for the component analysis of the polysaccharide. The results indicate that Physalis alkekengi L. polysaccharide(PAP) was composed of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. Free radicals scavenging activity of PAP was studied through 3 free radicals scavenging tests. PAP exhibited high scavenging effects on OH and DPPH radicals, and both the scavenging rates were about 80%. The scavenging rate of O2^- radical was about 22%. 展开更多
关键词 PHYSALIS POLYSACCHARIDE Component analysis Free radicals scavenging activity
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Changes of free radicals and digestive enzymes in saliva in cases with deficiency inspleen-yin syndrome 被引量:16
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作者 Muxin Wei Yanmin Wu Dezheng Chen Yuchun Gu 《The Journal of Biomedical Research》 CAS 2010年第3期250-255,共6页
Objective:To explore the nature of deficiency in spleen-yin syndrome,which could provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation ... Objective:To explore the nature of deficiency in spleen-yin syndrome,which could provide scientific theoretical support and practical guidance for clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome differentiation based on biology,and had a strong clinical significance.Methods:Serum Cu and Zn were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,serum vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography,serum vitamin C by 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Colorimetry,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)and Cu and Zn- SOD by the xanthine oxidase method,and malondialdehyde(MDA)by the 2-thiobarbituric acid method(TBA).Total antioxidant capacity was detected by a colorimetry kit.Amylase Activity was detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer.Lysozyme was detected by lysozyme detection plate,the diameter of bacteriolysis circle was measured and the corresponding content of lysozyme was obtained from a table of standard curve values.Results: No significant difference in total SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD was found between deficiency in spleen-yin group and normal group.However,such factors in deficiency in kidney-yin group were significantly lower than the other groups(P〈0.05).The MDA content in both deficiency in spleen-yin group and deficiency in kidney-yin group were significantly higher than that of normal group(P〈0.05),while the total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower than normal group(P〈0.05).The vitamin E content in deficiency in kidney-yin group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P〈0.05).No significant difference in the contents of vitamin C,Cu and Zn were observed in these groups.The Zn/Cu level in deficiency in kidney-yin group and the vitamin E level in deficiency in spleen-yin group decreased,but with no significant difference.Amylase activity in unit time in cases with deficiency in spleen-yin was lower than and had significant differences with that in normal cases,and higher than that in cases with deficiency in kidney-yin.The sectional velocity of saliva and the ratio of lysozyme in normal case group were significantly higher than other two groups,while deficiency in the spleen-yin group was significantly higher than the deficiency in kidney-yin group.Conclusion:All the results indicated that the objective pathological mechanism between the deficiency in spleen-yin and deficiency in kidney-yin was different. 展开更多
关键词 deficiency in spleen-yin deficiency in kidney-yin digestive enzymes in saliva AMYLASE salivary lysozyme salivary flow rate free radicals
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Non-Homogeneous Riemann Boundary Value Problem with Radicals 被引量:6
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作者 Lu Jian-ke School of Mathematics and Statistics,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, Hubei,China 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 EI CAS 2002年第4期379-382,共4页
The solution of the non-homogeneous Riemann boundary value problem with radicals (1. 2) together with its condition of solvability is obtained for arbitrary positive integersp andq, which generalizes the results for t... The solution of the non-homogeneous Riemann boundary value problem with radicals (1. 2) together with its condition of solvability is obtained for arbitrary positive integersp andq, which generalizes the results for the casep=q=2. 展开更多
关键词 Riemann boundary value problem branch points of radicals INDEX order at infinity sectionally holomorphic functions
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A Kinetic Evidence for the Nitroxyl Radicals Recycling Mechanism in the Photostabilizing Process of HALS 被引量:3
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作者 XiaoXuanLIU XingHongZHANG +3 位作者 GuangGuoWU JianWenYANG ZhaoHuaZENG YongLieCHEN 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第10期1085-1088,共4页
The photoinduced bulk polymerization of a reactive-hindered amine light stabilizers (r-HALS), 4-acryloyl-2, 2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl (ATMP), was performed at 80 C by using a DPC technique. An unique periodic expo... The photoinduced bulk polymerization of a reactive-hindered amine light stabilizers (r-HALS), 4-acryloyl-2, 2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl (ATMP), was performed at 80 C by using a DPC technique. An unique periodic exponential attenuation-type oscillating curve was found when the polymerization was carried out in air, but this phenomenon was not found in nitrogen. It is supposed that this unique kinetic performance may be attributed to nitroxyl radicals that are produced in situ from the oxidation of ATMP. ATMP polymer with narrow polydispersity (d = 1.03) can be obtained by photoinduced solution polymerization of ATMP. The signal detected in ESR may be assigned to the nitroxyl radicals in the matrix of ATMP polymer. Since this kind of recycling of nitroxyl radicals is well documented for the photostabilizing mechanism of HALS, the present results may serve as a kinetic evidence for this mechanism. 展开更多
关键词 Photopolymerization kinetics reactive-HALS (r-HALS) periodic exponential attenuation-type oscillating cycle photostabilizing mechanism nitroxyl radicals (>N-O).
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Photooxidation of hydrochlorofluocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons initiated by OH radicals 被引量:2
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作者 Zhong Jinxian Mu Yujing Yang Wenxiang(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)Chen Dazhou(Chinese Center for Certified Reference Materials, Beijing 100013, China) 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1996年第2期228-234,共7页
Under simulated atmospheric condition, photoomdation for HCFC-22 + H2O2, HCFC-22 + H2O2+O2, HFC-134A + H2O2 and HFC-134A + H2O2+ O2 systems were studied.H2O2 was irradiated by low pressure mercury lamp and produced OH... Under simulated atmospheric condition, photoomdation for HCFC-22 + H2O2, HCFC-22 + H2O2+O2, HFC-134A + H2O2 and HFC-134A + H2O2+ O2 systems were studied.H2O2 was irradiated by low pressure mercury lamp and produced OH radicals. The OH radicals can initiate photooxidation of HCFC-22 and 134A. The products of photooxidation were determined by a Fourier Transform infrared Spectroscopy with a 20ml long path cell. The products were COF2,CO2, HCI, H2O and HF for HCFC-22 + H2O2 system, HO, CO2, HCI and HF for HCFC-22 +H2O2 +O2 system, HCOF, CF3OOCF3,CO2, H2O and HF for HFC-134A +H2O2 system, HCOF, CO2, H2O, and HF for HFC-134A + H2O2+ O2 system. Based on those results, the mechanisms of photooxidation were suggested. 展开更多
关键词 HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS HYDROFLUOROCARBONS PHOTOOXIDATION OH radicals FTIR.
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Free Radicals in Organic Matter for Thermal History Reconstruction of Carbonate Succession 被引量:2
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作者 QIU Nansheng LI Huili +2 位作者 JIN Zhijun and ZHU Yinkang 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249 2 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249 3 Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第4期605-613,共9页
Geothermometer is one of the most useful methods to reconstruct the thermal history of sedimentary basins. This paper introduces the application of free radicals concentration of organic matter as a thermal indicator ... Geothermometer is one of the most useful methods to reconstruct the thermal history of sedimentary basins. This paper introduces the application of free radicals concentration of organic matter as a thermal indicator in the thermal history reconstruction of carbonate succession, based on anhydrous thermal simulation results of type I and H1 kerogen. A series of free radicals data are obtained under thermal simulation of different heating temperatures and times, and quantitative modds between free radical concentration (Ng) of organic matter and time-temperature index (TTI) for types I and type H1 kerogen are also obtained. This Ng.TTI relation was used to model the Ordovician thermal gradients of Well TZ12 in the Tarim Basin. The modeling result is corresponding to the results obtained by apatite fission track data and published data. This new method of thermal history reconstruction will be benefit to the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation study and resource assessment of carbonate succession. 展开更多
关键词 carbonate succession GEOTHERMOMETER free radicals of organic matter apatite fission track thermal history
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Surface coupling of methyl radicals for efficient low‐temperature oxidative coupling of methane 被引量:3
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作者 Shihui Zou Zhinian Li +12 位作者 Qiuyue Zhou Yang Pan Wentao Yuan Lei He Shenliang Wang Wu Wen Juanjuan Liu Yong Wang Yonghua Du Jiuzhong Yang Liping Xiao Hisayoshi Kobayashi Jie Fan 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第7期1117-1125,共9页
Selective coupling of methyl radicals to produce C_(2) species(C2H4 and C2H6)is a key challenge for oxidative coupling of methane(OCM).In traditional OCM reaction systems,homogeneous transformation of methyl radicals ... Selective coupling of methyl radicals to produce C_(2) species(C2H4 and C2H6)is a key challenge for oxidative coupling of methane(OCM).In traditional OCM reaction systems,homogeneous transformation of methyl radicals in O_(2)‐containing gases are uncontrollable,resulting in limited C_(2) selectivity and yield.Herein,we demonstrate that methyl radicals generated by La_(2)O_(3)at low reaction temperature can selectively couple on the surface of 5 wt%Na2WO4/SiO_(2).The controllable surface coupling against overoxidation barely changes the activity of La_(2)O_(3)but boosts the C_(2)selectivity by three times and achieves a C_(2)yield as high as 10.9%at bed temperature of only 570℃.Structure‐property studies suggest that Na_(2)WO_(4) nanoclusters are the active sites for methyl radical coupling.The strong CH_(3)·affinity of these sites can even endow some methane combustion catalysts with OCM activity.The findings of the surface coupling of methyl radicals open a new direction to develop OCM catalyst.The bifunctional OCM catalyst system,which composes of a methane activation center and a CH_(3)·coupling center,may deliver promising OCM performance at reaction temperatures below the ignition temperature of C2H6 and C2H4(~600℃)and is therefore more controllable,safer,and certainly more attractive as an actual process. 展开更多
关键词 Oxidative coupling of methane Bifunctional catalysis Methyl radicals Surface coupling La_(2)O_(3) Na_(2)WO_(4)/SiO_(2)
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Degradation of Phenol by Hydroxyl Radicals on Different Coating Lead Dioxide Electrodes 被引量:2
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作者 LIU Miao TANG Yi-nan +3 位作者 WANG Li HU Yan-dong JIAO Xin-qian HUANG Wen-peng 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期285-290,共6页
Lead dioxide electrodes on Ti substrates were prepared by thermal-deposition or electro-deposition. The amount of hydroxyl radicals generated at the electrodes prepared by the above-mentioned two methods was compared ... Lead dioxide electrodes on Ti substrates were prepared by thermal-deposition or electro-deposition. The amount of hydroxyl radicals generated at the electrodes prepared by the above-mentioned two methods was compared with that at the electrodes mingled with Bi or La prepared by electro-deposition. The experimental results indicate that the highest concentration of hydroxyl radicals generated by thermal-deposition, electro-deposition mingled with nothing, electro-deposition mingled with Bi or La was 0.781, 1.048, 1.838 or 2.044 μmol/L, respectively. When phenol was electrolyzed on the four electrodes at a current density of 30 mA/cm2, the removal efficiency of phenol after electrolysis for 1.5 h was 87.30%, 93.55%, 97.95% or 98.70%, TOC removal efficiency after electrolysis for 5 h was 86.76%, 94.26%, 98.53% or 99.60%, respectively. Through the degradation experiments of phenol, the amount of hydroxyl radicals was responsible for the removal efficiency of phenol. The electro-catalytic characteristics were investigated by SEM, the generation amount of hydroxyl radicals, the degradation degree of phenol and the stability and conductivity of the electrodes were also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the four electrodes all show good electro-catalytic characteristics; the electro-catalytic characteristics of the electrode mingled with La were superior to those of the other three ones, and the electrochemical degradation of phenol followed one-step reaction dynamics. 展开更多
关键词 High-performance liquid chromatography Hydroxyl radicals Lead dioxide electrode Thermal-deposition ELECTRO-DEPOSITION
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Photo-Catalyzed Rare Earth Materials with Ability to Translate Free Radicals into Negative Ions 被引量:2
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作者 金宗哲 张志力 +1 位作者 卫罡 黄丽容 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第2期183-185,共3页
Materials with function of producing negative ions effection,containing valency-variable rare earth elements and semiconductor oxide,were fabricated.Free radicals produced by the materials were tested.The result shows... Materials with function of producing negative ions effection,containing valency-variable rare earth elements and semiconductor oxide,were fabricated.Free radicals produced by the materials were tested.The result shows that the materials can produce quite a few free radicals as·O^-_2 no matter whether they are under illumination of ultraviolet radiation or under visible light radiation,or under no light radiation, demonstrating semiconductor oxide can be catalysed under the visible light radiation.At the same time the result shows there is direct relation between the number of free radicals and of the negative ion produced by the materials,which meant that during photo-catalyzed and redox process of valency-variable rare earth elements free radicals translate into negative ions. A circular model is presented involving circulating change of valency-variable rare earth elements and water and oxygen absorbed on the surface of materials under the condition of photocatalysis. 展开更多
关键词 negative ions material valency-variable rare earth free radicals rare earths
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Liver Nuclear Activation of Carbon Tetrachloride or Bromotrichloromethane to Trichloromethyl and Trichloromethylperoxyl Free Radicals.Their Reactions With Lipids and Proteins 被引量:4
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作者 S. L. FANELLI G. D. CASTRO M. E. GALELLI AND J. A. CASTRO (Centro de Investigaciones Toxicologicas(CEITOX)-CITEFA/CONICET, Zufriategui 4380, 1603 Villa Martelli,Buenos Aires, Argentina)(Send correspondence to Dr. Jose Alberto Castro, Zufriategui 4380, 1 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1998年第2期101-114,共14页
The formation of·CCl3 radicals in liver nuclei was suggested by spin trapping of them with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone followed by GC/MS detection of the resulting adduct. Comparison of its formation in microsomal... The formation of·CCl3 radicals in liver nuclei was suggested by spin trapping of them with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone followed by GC/MS detection of the resulting adduct. Comparison of its formation in microsomal biotransformation of CCl4 was made. In aerobic nuclear activation mixtures containing NADPH and CCl4, significant decrease in the arachidonic acid content of nuclear lipids was observed (27. 8%, compared to control), the intensity of this decrease was lower than that occurring in the corresponding microsomal incubation mixtures (29.1%). Significant decreases in arachidonic acid content of nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum lipids were also observed in animals at 6 hours of poisoning with the haloalkane. During aerobic nuclear metabolism of CCl4 or CBrCl3, cholesterol oxidation products were detected: a ketocholesterol, an epoxide like structure and 7-ketocholesterol. Nuclear protein carbonyl formation was not promoted during nuclear CCl4 biotransformation. NADPH by itself may lead to protein carbonyl formation during prolonged periods of incubation. CBrCl3 in contrast, led to decreased protein carbonyl formation. No increase in nuclear protein carbonyl formation was observed in CCl4 intoxicated animals during periods of time between 1 to 6 hours after treatment. The results indicate that during nuclear biotransformation of CCl4 or CBrCl3 reactive free radicals, PUFA degradation, reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products are formed, nearby DNA and regulatory proteins. 展开更多
关键词 NADPH Liver Nuclear Activation of Carbon Tetrachloride or Bromotrichloromethane to Trichloromethyl and Trichloromethylperoxyl Free radicals.Their Reactions With Lipids and Proteins Free
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Effect of Acupuncture on Free Radicals in Rats with Early Experimental Spinal Cord Injury 被引量:2
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作者 吴永刚 孙忠人 +3 位作者 李志刚 赵永厚 孙申田 王友京 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第1期51-54,共4页
Effect of acupuncture on free radicals after spinal cord injury was observed in rats with experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Results indicated that within 24 hours after SCI malondialdehyde (MDA) increased progres... Effect of acupuncture on free radicals after spinal cord injury was observed in rats with experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Results indicated that within 24 hours after SCI malondialdehyde (MDA) increased progressively, 2 hours after SCI it reached the peak; and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly at the same hours, the decrease being the most marked 2-6 hours after SCI. The MDA content in the acupuncture group was significantly lower (P 展开更多
关键词 ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ANIMALS Female Free radicals Male MALONDIALDEHYDE Random Allocation RATS Rats Wistar Spinal Cord Injuries Superoxide Dismutase
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