Protective mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba against chemical liver injury based on network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro experiments

Objective:To explore and validate the potential targets of Paeoniae Radix Alba(P.Radix,Bai Shao)in protecting against chemical liver injury through network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and in vitro cell experiments.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to identify the common potential targets of P.Radix and chemical liver injury.Molecular docking was used to fit the components,which were subsequently verified in vitro.A cell model of hepatic fibrosis was established by activating hepatic stellate cell(HSC)-LX2 cells with 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1.The cells were exposed to different concentrations of total glucosides of paeony(TGP),the active substance of P.Radix,and then evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and western blot.Results:Analysis through network pharmacology revealed 13 key compounds of P.Radix,and the potential targets for preventing chemical liver injury were IL-6,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,jun protooncogene,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARG),PTGS2,and CASP3.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of response to drugs,membrane rafts,and peptide binding.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis revealed that the main pathways involved lipid and atherosclerosis and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation.Paeoniflorin and albiflorin exhibited strong affinity for HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,and CASP3.Different concentrations of TGP can inhibit the expression of COL-I,COL-III,IL-6,TNF-a,IL-1β,HSP-90a,and PTGS2 while increasing the expression of PPAR-γand CASP3 in activated HSC-LX2 cells.Conclusion:P.Radix primarily can regulate targets such as HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,CASP3.TGP,the main active compound of P.Radix,protects against chemical liver injury by reducing the inflammatory response,activating apoptotic proteins,and promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs.

Radix Paeoniae Alba attenuates Radix Bupleuri-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating gut microbiota to alleviate the inhibition of saikosaponins on glutathione synthetase

Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after longterm use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an herb pair.However,whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.In this work,the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect,but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity.Notably,RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity.Afterward,the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed.The results showed that saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase(GSS)activity in the liver,and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Furthermore,the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RBinduced hepatotoxicity were investigated.The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity,thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to saikogenins in vivo.Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor,their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity.Based on this,RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NFkB/NLRP3 pathway.In conclusion,the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosaponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.

白芍(Radix paeoniae alba)提取物对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)造血组织发育及造血因子Astakine的影响

血淋巴细胞在甲壳动物免疫反应中起着非常重要的作用,其主要由造血组织(Hematopoietic tissue,HPT)生成并随着开管式循环分布到身体各处。到目前为止,还没有相关研究表明甲壳动物造血组织是否受草本植物的影响。本研究以中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为对象,利用荧光定量PCR、免疫荧光和组织化学等技术,初步探索了白芍(Radix paeoniae alba)提取物对中华绒螯蟹造血组织和造血因子Astakine的影响。结果显示,在原代培养的造血组织细胞中添加终浓度为0.85 mg/mL的白芍提取物后,造血因子Astakine mRNA的表达量显著上调(P<0.05)。进一步制备含1%白芍提取物的中华绒螯蟹饲料并进行饲喂实验,结果显示饲喂含白芍提取物饲料的中华绒螯蟹造血组织的Astakine mRNA的表达量较饲喂前上调了10.5倍,要高于对照组。免疫荧光结果同样表明,饲喂含白芍提取物饲料后中华绒螯蟹造血组织的Astakine蛋白荧光信号也要强于对照组。通过造血组织的形态学观察和造血组织体重百分比的检测,我们发现白芍组中华绒螯蟹造血组织含有较多卵形小叶,且造血组织体重百分比较饲喂前增加了6.64%,而对照组仅增加1.6%。免疫保护率实验显示,在脂多糖急性刺激下,白芍添加组的中华绒螯蟹的存活率(77.5%)要高于对照组(57.5%)。综上所述,白芍提取物可以促进中华绒螯蟹造血因子的表达和造血组织的发育,从而提高中华绒螯蟹的免疫调节功能。

Identification of metabolites of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract in rat bile, plasma and urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） was developed to identify the absorbed parent components and metabolites in rat bile, plasma and urine after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract （RPAE）. A total of 65 compounds were detected in rat bile, plasma and urine samples, including 11 parent compounds and 54 metabolites. The results indicated that glucuronidation, hydroxylation and methylation were the major metabolic pathways of the components of RPAE. Furthermore, the results of this work demonstrated that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with MetaboLynx？ software and mass defect filtering （MDF） could provide unique high throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study, with excellent MS mass accuracy and enhanced MSE data acquisition. With the MSE technique, both precursor and fragment mass spectra can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between high and low collision energy during a single chromatographic run.

Analysis of volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution

The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.

Study on the Therapeutic Mechanism of the Active Principle of the Chinese Drug Paeoniae Radix 801 through Affinity Biosensors IAsys Plus Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Objective: To study the targeted point and mechanism of the function of the blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese drugs, Paeoniae Radix 801(PR801) in its cardiovascular protective effects and its specific binding with endothelin 1(ET-1) as well as the dynamics of the two's interactive function by means of using affinity biosensors: IAsys Plus and quartz crystal microbalance (IAQCM). Methods: ET-1 was immobilized on the surfaces of IAQCM by using the new surface modification methods. The PR801 in the solution was detected by modified substrates and the specific binding between PR801 and ET-1 was studied. Results: The curves went up or down after adding PR801.There is specific binding between PR801 and ET-1. The bound mass were 0.458 ng/mm 2 and 133.54 ng/cm 2, respectively. There exists relatively good stability with these two methods. Conclusion: The affinity biosensors: IAQCM can be used to study the interaction mechanism between PR801 and ET-1, providing a new way to study the interaction mechanism of TCM. PR801 can bind ET-1 specifically in the experiments. Therefore, ET-1 is another target that PR801 can bind specifically besides thromboxane A 2.

Evaluation of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)and Chishao(Radix Paeoniae Rubra)from different origins based on characteristic spectra of amino acids

Objective To evaluate the difference between Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba,PRA)and Chishao(Paeoniae Radix Rubra,PRR)from different regions based on the characteristic spectra of amino acids(AAs).Methods Fingerprints of the 21 standard AAs were established using O-phthalaldehyde-9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(OPA-FMOC)pre-column derivation method.The AA components in PRA and PRR were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively,and different AAs were screened using pattern recognition technology.Results Twelve AAs were identified in both PRA and PRR.Meanwhile,aspartic acid,glutamic acid,arginine,alanine,and gamma-aminobutyric acid were screened as characteristic components,and their concentrations could effectively distinguish PRA from PRR.Conclusion The established characterization method,which is based on the characteristic spectra of AAs,is accurate,efficient,and sensitive and can effectively distinguish between PRA and PRR from different producing areas,thus providing a reference for the overall characterization and evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.

Rapid monitoring the water extraction process of Radix Paeoniae Alba using near infrared spectroscopy

Near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy has been developed into one of the most important process analytical techniques(PAT)in a wide field of applications.The feasibility of NIR spectroscopy with partial least square regression(PLSR)to monitor the concentration of paeoniflorin,albi-florin,gallic acid,and benzoyl paeoniforin during the water extraction process of Radix Paeoniae Alba was demonstrated and verified in this work.NIR spectra were collected in transmission mode and pretreated with smoothing and/or derivative,and then quantitative models were built up using PLSR.Interval partial least squares(iPLS)method was used for the selection of spectral variables.Determination coeficients(R2aI and R2red),root mean squares error of prediction(RMSEP),root mean squares error of calibration(RMSEC),and residual predictive deviation(RPD)were applied to verify the performance of the models,and the corresponding values were 0.9873 and 0.9855,0.0487 mg/mL,0.0545mg/mL and 8.4 for paeoniforin;0.9879,0.9888,0.0303 mg/mL,0.0321 mg/mL and 9.1 for albiflorin;0.9696,0.9644,0.0140 mg/mL,0.0145 mg/mL and 5.1 for gallic acid;0.9794,0.9781,0.00169 mg/mL,0.00171 mg/mL and 6.9 for benzoyl paeoniflorin,respectively.The results turned out that this approach was very efficient and environmentally friendly for the quantitative monitoring of the water extraction process of Radix Paeoniae Alba.

Study on mechanism of Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding with Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan.Methods:To search the effective elements and action targets of paeony peony skin drug pair by searching the pharmacology platform of traditional Chinese medicine system;to select the disease targets of abnormal uterine bleeding by searching the human gene information database;to select the common targets of drugs and diseases by R language,to construct the interaction network of drugs compounds action targets diseases by using the software of Cytoscape;to construct the protein-protein interaction network by using the string platform The interaction network(PPI)was used to visualize the results,and the bio information package of Bioconductor was used to analyze go function enrichment and KEGG pathway.Results:This study included 16 compounds and 67 key targets.After enrichment analysis,87 go functional items and 116 KEGG signaling pathways were obtained.Quercetin,scutellarin,kaempferol and stigmasterol in Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan directly act on interleukin-6,epidermal growth factor receptor,cystatin 3,mitogen activated protein kinase 8,vascular endothelial growth factor and other related targets,and are mainly enriched in Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection and hepatis B.Age-range,TNF and other signal pathways.Conclusion:Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan may play the role of anti-cell proliferation and apoptosis,protection of vascular endothelium,anti-inflammatory response,regulation of hormone secretion,and improvement of antioxidant activity through multi-component and multi-target,and play the role of treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding.

The Mechanism of the combination of radix paeoniae rubra-cortex moutan in treating cerebral hemorrhage based on network pharmacology

Objective:To clarify the material basis of Chinese medicine pair“Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan”(Chishao-Mudanpi)and explore their mechanism in the treatment of ICH with network pharmacology.Methods:The active ingredients contained in Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Cortex Moutan were searched and selected based on the oral bioavailability prediction and drug-likeness prediction from the TCMSP database.Then the targets of cerebral hemorrhage were collected from GeneCards,OMIM,and DrugBank databases.After obtained the intersections of drugs and disease,the active component target disease interactive network diagram was drawn by Cytoscape software.The obtained key targets were uploaded to the STRING database for analysis and construct a PPI network map.GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG analysis were performed on the key target proteins.Results:Collected the active ingredients of Radix Paeoniae 119,Radix Paeoniae 55,including paeoniflorin,baicalin,β-sitosterol,etc.Related drug target protein 1190,ICH disease-related genes 823,"Radix Paeoniae-Radix Paeoniae"and 72 common targets of ICH,mainly acting on Akt1,IL6,VEGFA,CASP3,EGF,involving 133 related signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE,TNF,IL-17,HIF1,PI3K-Akt.Conclusion:The combination of"Radix Paeoniae Rubra-Cortex Moutan"in the treatment of ICH has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets,which provides a reference and basis for further molecular biology verification in the future.

Network pharmacology-based analysis of the mechanism of Radix Paeoniae Alba against Toosendan Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity

Objective:Objective:To analyze and explore the key targets and molecular mechanisms of action of Radix Paeoniae Alba against Toosendan Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity and the relationship between corresponding compounds based on network pharmacology.Methods:Using network pharmacology,a"traditional Chinese medicine-chemical composition-key target-pathway"analysis was conducted on Radix Paeoniae Alba for the treatment of Toosendan Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity.The possible mechanism of action was analyzed in terms of function.Results:The core targets,such as interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF),heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1),Jun proto-oncogene(JUN),caspase-3,estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),and aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)were screened from the targets of Radix Paeoniae Alba against Toosendan Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity.Biological process(BP)of toxic targets(BP terms)involved"response to drug;activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process,”positive regulation of transcription.Cellular components(CC terms)mainly involved cytosol and membrane rafts.Molecular function(MF)terms included"protein homodimerization activity,"RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity and enzyme binding,etc."The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway included the TNF signaling pathway,cancer pathways,and apoptosis.Conclusion:Radix Paeoniae Alba might alleviate Toosendan Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity through IL6,TNF,HSP90AA1,PPARG,PTGS2,HMOX1,and other targets,possibly via the activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in these pathways.

白芍标准煎液指纹图谱及化学成分指认

目的建立白芍饮片标准煎液的指纹图谱,对白芍有效成分进行指认,以期为白芍饮片的质量控制及临床应用提供理论依据。方法收集10批白芍饮片,分别制备白芍标准煎液;采用超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)法建立白芍标准煎液的指纹图谱,以2012版《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》进行指纹图谱相似度分析;通过与对照品比对、与文献核对质谱数据,对共有峰进行指认。结果经检测,10批白芍标准煎液指纹图谱共标定了22个共有峰,各峰分离度较好,各样品间相似度均>0.9;共指认出5个共有峰:儿茶素,芍药内酯苷,芍药苷,除虫菊素Ⅱ,苯甲酰芍药苷。结论该研究建立的指纹图谱方法精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,可为白芍饮片的质量评价提供理论参考。

基于GEO数据库联合网络药理学研究川芎-赤芍药对治疗动脉粥样硬化的药理过程及分子机制

目的:探讨活血化瘀中药药对川芎-赤芍拮抗动脉粥样硬化的潜在分子机制及药理过程。方法:使用R语言Limma包分析GEO数据库GSE43292数据集,对有表达差异的动脉粥样硬化基因进行筛选和提取。川芎-赤芍药对所含的化学活性组分及靶点通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台检索。合并差异基因和药物作用靶点以获得共同的靶点。利用在线分析工具STRING和Cytoscape构建药物和靶点的调控网络以及靶点间的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络。然后利用R语言注释靶点基因的基因本体(GO)功能,分析京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路,再进行基因集富集分析(GSEA)以验证KEGG的通路和富集的情况,确定靶点基因的调控功能和参与基因调控功能的信号转导通道。结果:共筛选出动脉粥样硬化差异基因1244个,川芎-赤芍药对含36个生物活性成分,其中靶点为环加氧酶1、肾上腺素受体、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ、激酶插入域受体、孕激素受体、基质金属蛋白酶9、CXC趋化因子配体8、蛋白激酶Cβ、白细胞介素6、CD14、二肽基肽酶-4、PIK3CG、肾上腺素受体α1B、微管相关蛋白2、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活剂和单胺氧化酶B。靶点在GO中主要富集在合成DNA过程的调控、DNA生物合成的过程、含胶原的细胞外基质、细胞外基质、蛋白酶结合、细胞迁移、血管形成过程、膜筏结构、转录的调节等与动脉粥样硬化炎症、脂肪代谢及血管生成相关的生物学注释。脂质与动脉粥样硬化通路和核因子κB信号通路与动脉粥样硬化关系最为密切,并且在KEGG信号通路和GSEA均显示出富集。结论:川芎-赤芍药对通过潜在的13个活性成分作用于可能的16个靶点调控相关信号转导通路,通过抗炎、调脂和保护血管等方式产生抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。

基于营卫理论探讨桂枝-赤芍配伍重塑肿瘤血管微环境的网络药理学机制

目的:采用网络药理学方法预测桂枝-赤芍配伍影响肿瘤血管生成的潜在靶点和通路,从分子网络药理学水平探索该配伍重塑肿瘤血管微环境的网络药理学机制。方法:采用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)检索桂枝、赤芍的化学成分和潜在靶点,选择口服生物利用度≥30%和类药性≥0.18作为化学成分筛选条件;在GeneCards数据库中检索血管生成的靶点;利用Cytoscape 3.6.0软件绘制桂枝-赤芍配伍-化合物-靶点-血管生成网络;使用STRING 11.0在线软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络并挖掘核心靶点;采用David Bioinformatics Resources数据库对该复方活性成分潜在的靶点网络中的蛋白进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。结果:桂枝-赤芍配伍的33种有效成分作用于血管生成过程的77个靶点,PPI网络的核心靶点包括蛋白激酶B(Akt)1、JUN、白细胞介素6、基质金属蛋白酶、血管内皮生长因子A、一氧化氮合酶2和缺氧诱导因子-1α等多个蛋白。GO功能富集分析提示,该配伍的关键蛋白主要参与了DNA结合转录激活剂活性、血红素结合、抗氧化活性、核受体活性和转录因子活性等生物过程。KEGG通路富集分析显示,该配伍参与了缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)信号通路、肿瘤蛋白53信号通路、细胞凋亡信号通路、表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-Akt信号通路等,提示桂枝-赤芍配伍与肿瘤血管生成的关系最为密切。结论:桂枝-赤芍配伍中的黄芩素、谷甾醇和鞣花酸等成分可能通过HIF-1信号通路、VEGF信号通路影响肿瘤血管生成,干预肿瘤的生物学行为。

当归-白芍联合BM-MSCs移植对NASH相关肝硬化小鼠肝脏炎症及肝细胞再生的影响

目的观察当归-白芍药对联合骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)移植对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)相关肝硬化小鼠肝脏炎症及肝细胞再生的影响,探讨其可能机制。方法采用西式饮食联合四氯化碳复合诱导法制备NASH相关肝硬化小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、当归-白芍组、BM-MSCs组和当归-白芍+BM-MSCs组,每组12只。造模成功后,按分组予相应干预,连续4周。HE染色观察肝组织形态;检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、三酰甘油(TG)、白蛋白(ALB)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)含量及肝组织白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)含量;RT-qPCR检测肝细胞Toll样受体9(TLR9)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、TNF受体相关因子6(TRAF6)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65 mRNA表达;分离肝脏原代细胞,行体外CpG ODN 2216诱导刺激,提取细胞上清液,检测IL-1β和TNF-α含量。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝组织炎性细胞浸润,伴肝细胞坏死和胶原沉积,形成假小叶;血清ALT、AST、TBil、TG含量升高,ALB含量下降,肝组织HGF含量下降,IL-1β、TNF-α含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝细胞TLR9、MyD88、TRAF6、NF-κBp65 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),CpG ODN 2216诱导后肝细胞上清液IL-1β、TNF-α含量升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,当归-白芍+BM-MSCs组小鼠肝组织炎性细胞浸润及肝细胞坏死减少,肝纤维化程度减轻,当归-白芍组和BM-MSCs组小鼠肝组织损伤轻度好转;除BM-MSCs组血清TG含量外,各干预组检测指标均明显改善(P<0.05)。与当归-白芍组及BM-MSCs组比较,当归-白芍+BM-MSCs组相关检测指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论当归-白芍联合BM-MSCs移植可有效改善NASH相关肝硬化小鼠肝功能,促进肝细胞再生,其机制与下调TLR9/NF-κB信号通路表达及功能,抑制炎症因子分泌,改善肝脏炎症微环境有关。

解郁清心颗粒的定性鉴别和含量限度的制定

摸索解郁清心颗粒的定性鉴别和指标成分含量限度制定方法。采用TLC法对制剂中炒白芍、甘草进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对制剂中芍药苷的含量进行测定并制定含量限度。TLC用于方中药味鉴别分离度良好,供试品与对照品对应处有相同颜色的斑点,阴性无干扰。采用HPLC法测定的指标成分芍药苷的含量限度建议为≥0.8 mg/g。本实验得到的定性鉴别方法和指标成分的含量限度制定方法均具较强的专属性、准确性和可靠性,可为该制剂质控标准提供参考依据。

白芍总苷药理活性及临床免疫应用研究进展

白芍为毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.的干燥根,广泛用于各种现代中成药产品和传统中药制剂。白芍总苷是白芍的提取物中的重要药效部位,有广泛的药理作用,包括镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、肝脏保护、心血管保护、抗抑郁、免疫调节等,主要表现在调节体内相关受体表达、信号通路转导等方面,临床用于免疫性疾病,疗效显著。本文综述了近年关于白芍总苷的药理作用及临床免疫应用研究,以期为白芍总苷后续的研究和产品开发提供参考。

柴胡-白芍配伍抗抑郁药理作用机制研究进展

抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍,严重影响患者生存质量。目前临床西药治疗抑郁症效果不理想,需寻求新的抗抑郁药物及靶点。柴胡-白芍作为抗抑郁复方的核心和重要组成部分,两者配伍使用具有减毒增效抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症与氧化应激、调节单胺类神经递质、脑源性神经营养因子水平,影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、多种氨基酸代谢和能量代谢等有关。本文通过综述柴胡-白芍配伍的协同效应以及抗抑郁药理作用,以期为阐明柴胡-白芍的配伍优势以及抗抑郁的作用机制提供参考。

炒白芍-炙甘草配伍前后化学成分与抗炎作用相关性研究

目的明确炒白芍-炙甘草配伍对化学成分的影响及其与抗炎作用的相关性。方法采用HPLCDAD建立同时测定炒白芍-炙甘草中芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、氧化芍药苷、甘草酸、甘草苷多成分含量的分析方法;建立佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型,给药组分别灌胃炒白芍、炙甘草、炒白芍-炙甘草药液2周,ELISA检测大鼠血清炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))含量;采用析因设计、双变量相关分析、多元线性回归方法研究配伍对化学成分的影响及其与抗炎药效的相关性。结果建立HPLC-DAD分析方法,炒白芍-炙甘草配伍后氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、苯甲酰芍药苷含量增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)含量降低(P<0.01),且配伍组血清IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)含量低于炒白芍组、炙甘草组(P<0.05,P<0.01);析因设计结果显示炒白芍-炙甘草配伍存在交互效应,双变量相关分析结果显示氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、甘草苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、甘草酸含量分别与IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)含量呈负相关,多元线性回归结果显示甘草苷、甘草酸与IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)含量呈负相关。结论本研究建立的炒白芍-炙甘草多成分含量分析方法简便快捷、专属性强、准确可靠,可用于其质量评价与控制。炒白芍-炙甘草配伍可抑制炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)表达,且化学成分含量与抗炎作用具有相关性。

赤芍多糖延缓秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的作用及机制研究

目的基于模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(简称线虫)探究赤芍多糖延缓衰老的作用。方法将线虫随机分为空白组和不同质量浓度的赤芍多糖组(100、200、400μg/mL),观察赤芍多糖对线虫寿命、运动能力和应激能力的影响,测定线虫体内脂褐素、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的含量以及相关抗氧化酶的活力,分析赤芍多糖对线虫体内抗氧化能力的影响;运用实时荧光定量酶链式反应技术检测赤芍多糖对线虫衰老相关基因mRNA表达的影响。结果与空白组相比,赤芍多糖高剂量组(400μg/mL)能够显著延长线虫寿命,增强线虫运动能力和应激能力,明显降低线虫体内脂褐素、MDA、ROS的含量,显著提高过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力;同时,赤芍多糖能够显著上调daf-16、skn-1、sod-3 mRNA的表达,下调daf-2、age-1 mRNA的表达。结论赤芍多糖能够通过提高线虫应激能力、增强抗氧化酶活力以及调控胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子信号通路(IIS)相关基因的表达从而延缓线虫衰老。