Sensitivity of diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is higher with the automated cell count method

BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP)is one of the most important complications of patients with liver cirrhosis entailing high morbidity and mortality.Making an accurate early diagnosis of this infection is key in the outcome of these patients.The current definition of SBP is based on studies performed more than 40 years ago using a manual technique to count the number of polymorphs in ascitic fluid(AF).There is a lack of data comparing the traditional cell count method with a current automated cell counter.Moreover,current international guidelines do not mention the type of cell count method to be employed and around half of the centers still rely on the traditional manual method.AIM To compare the accuracy of polymorph count on AF to diagnose SBP between the traditional manual cell count method and a modern automated cell counter against SBP cases fulfilling gold standard criteria:Positive AF culture and signs/symptoms of peritonitis.METHODS Retrospective analysis including two cohorts:Cross-sectional(cohort 1)and case-control(cohort 2),of patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites.Both cell count methods were conducted simultaneously.Positive SBP cases had a pathogenic bacteria isolated on AF and signs/symptoms of peritonitis.RESULTS A total of 137 cases with 5 positive-SBP,and 85 cases with 33 positive-SBP were included in cohort 1 and 2,respectively.Positive-SBP cases had worse liver function in both cohorts.The automated method showed higher sensitivity than the manual cell count:80%vs 52%,P=0.02,in cohort 2.Both methods showed very good specificity(>95%).The best cutoff using the automated cell counter was polymorph≥0.2 cells×10^(9)/L(equivalent to 200 cells/mm^(3))in AF as it has the higher sensitivity keeping a good specificity.CONCLUSION The automated cell count method should be preferred over the manual method to diagnose SBP because of its higher sensitivity.SBP definition,using the automated method,as polymorph cell count≥0.2 cells×10^(9)/L in AF would need to be considered in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis.

A Successive Shift Box-Counting Method for Calculating Fractal Dimensions and Its Application in Identification of Faults

Fractal dimensions of a terrain quantitatively describe the self-organizedstructure of the terrain geometry. However, the local topographic variation cannot be illustrated bythe conventional box-counting method. This paper proposes a successive shift box-counting method,in which the studied object is divided into small sub-objects that are composed of a series of gridsaccording to its characteristic scaling. The terrain fractal dimensions in the grids are calculatedwith the successive shift box-counting method and the scattered points with values of fractaldimensions are obtained. The present research shows that the planar variation of fractal dimensionsis well consistent with fault traces and geological boundaries.

Improved Data Processing of Loading Spectrum for Applications of Rainflow Counting Method

The rainflow counting method is a reasonable cyclecounting procedure for fatigue life calculation and simulation testing of structures.It defines cycles as closed stress /strain hysteresis loops.Application of the rainflow counting method requires a data processing of the loading spectrum,which consists of the elimination of non-peak value data points,load time histories adjustment and loop extraction.In the data processing of the loading spectrum,if a stress point is neither the peak nor the valley,it will be identified and eliminated from the loading spectrum.Generally,the loading process is idealized as a single peak-valley straight line.But in actually,there are polylines or nearly straight lines between peaks and valleys which can't be ignored.Therefore,in the process of eliminating such data points,it will produce error in method itself.To reduce the error produced by the traditional method itself,a new method which can well simplify the polylines in data processing of loading spectrum is proposed in this paper.Comparing with the original approximation method,the proposed method has higher precision.

The Study on Taxonomic Status of Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii Based on Scale Counting Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further investigate the taxonomic status of Hainan population of Trimeresurus stejnegeri from the morphological point of view.[Methods]The difference coefficients between different populations were compared using the 75% law,and the relationship between scales and latitudes was analyzed.[Results] The scales(abdominal and subcaudal) of 325 Trimeresurus individuals were counted according to China Animal Fauna,including156 T.stejnegeri individuals.Some difference coefficients between the Hainan population and others were greater than 1.28,and there was no correlation between the number of scales and latitude.It conforms to subclassification criteria.[Conclusions]The view about the subspecies status of T.stejnegeri chenbihuii should be supported.

ON THE LATTICE PATH METHOD IN CONVOLUTION-TYPE COMBINATORIAL IDENTITIES(Ⅱ)—THE WEIGHTED COUNTING FUNCTION METHOD ON LATTICE PATHS

An independent method for paper [10] is presented. Weighted lattice paths are enumerated by counting function which is a natural extension of Gaussian multinomial coefficient in the case of unrestricted paths. Convolutions for path counts are investigated, which yields some Vandcrmondc-type identities for multinomial and q-multinomial coefficients.

Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

A Count Sketch Maximal Weighted Residual Kaczmarz Method with Oblique Projection for Highly Overdetermined Linear Systems

Motivated by the count sketch maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz (CS-MWRK) method presented by Zhang and Li (Appl. Math. Comput., 410, 126486), we combine the count sketch tech with the maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz Method with Oblique Projection (MWRKO) constructed by Wang, Li, Bao and Liu (arXiv: 2106.13606) to develop a new method for solving highly overdetermined linear systems. The convergence rate of the new method is analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that our method performs better in computing time compared with the CS-MWRK and MWRKO methods.

基于Count Sketch的预处理贪婪Kaczmarz方法

在贪婪Kaczmarz方法中,通过对系数矩阵进行正交三角分解引入右预处理子能够提高贪婪Kaczmarz方法的收敛速率。但在系数矩阵的行数远大于列数的情况下,正交三角分解的成本过高。为降低预处理的成本,通过引入Count Sketch变换,提出了基于Count Sketch的预处理贪婪Kaczmarz方法,并对新方法进行了收敛性分析。理论分析说明了新方法在系数矩阵条件数较大时比已有方法具有更好的收敛速率。数值实验验证了新方法的有效性。

Time-to-Count测量方法的应用研究

Time-to-Count方法是一种通过计算时间差来测量辐射强度的方法。通过控制加到探测元件上的高压,首先测量加上高压后到产生第一个脉冲计数之间的计数时间差,再根据计数时间差进一步计算出辐射强度。这种方法可以消除死时间、饱和电流和高端脉冲重叠等因素的影响,提高探测效率。利用蒙特卡罗方法对Time-to-Count测量方法进行计算机模拟,进一步证明Time-to-Count测量方法的可行性。

Time-to-Count方法扩展GM计数管量程的实验研究

GM计数管是一种应用广泛的核辐射探测器,但其线性量程范围较窄。本文分析了采用死时间模型和函数拟合修正方法扩展量程存在的不足,介绍了Time-to-Count方法的工作原理,给出了基于该方法的试验装置设计方案,对实现Time-to-Count方法的脉控高压驱动、时间间隔测量等进行了讨论。在国防科技工业电离辐射一级计量站的校准试验数据表明,试验装置采用单支G1220计数管,量程可扩展至5个数量级,全量程范围线性优于10%。

Evaluation of estimation methods for meiofaunal biomass from a meiofaunal survey in Bohai Bay

Studies in the coastal area of Bohai Bay,China,from July 2006 to October 2007,suggest that the method of meiofaunal biomass estimation affected the meiofaunal analysis.Conventional estimation methods that use a unique mean individual weight value for nematodes to calculate total biomass may cause deviation of the results.A modified estimation method,named the Subsection Count Method (SCM),was also used to calculate meiofaunal biomass.This entails only a slight increase in workload but generates results of greater accuracy.Results gained using each of these two methods were compared in the present study.The results show that the conventional method generally estimates a meiofaunal biomass.The difference between the two estimation methods was highly significant (P<0.01) for the spring and winter cruises.Furthermore,the estimation method for meiofaunal biomass affected the analysis of horizontal distribution and correlation with environmental factors.These findings highlight the importance of estimation methods for meiofaunal biomass and will hopefully stimulate further investigation and discussion of the topic.

Predictive Values of Platelets Count and Spleen Diameter in the Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices in Black African Cirrhotic Patients

Background: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from ruptured esophageal varices is of concern in Africa where gastrointestinal fibroscopy for diagnosis is lacking. Purpose: To determine the performance of the length of the spleen, of the platelet count in the diagnosis of esophageal varices (OVs) by specifying the diagnostic thresholds in order to facilitate the prophylaxis of varicose hemorrhages in black African cirrhotic patients. Material and Method: This was a prospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim on cirrhotic patients hospitalized at the university hospital of Bouake (Ivory Coast) from 2017 to 2019. The patients included in the study were the cirrhotic of black race hospitalized having carried out an abdominal ultrasound with measurement of the spleen diameter (SD), an eso-gastro-duodenal endoscopy, and a blood count with platelet count (PC). The first primary endpoint was the diagnosis of esophageal varices in cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was retained by the combination of clinical, biological, ultrasound and endoscopic arguments. The OVs were distributed according to size and the presence of red signs. The platelet count, and the measurement of the spleen to calculate the PC/SD ratio were the second endpoint. The secondary endpoints studied were, the viral and ethyl etiologies of the cirrhosis, the Chlid-Pugh prognostic score. Performance was assessed using the ROC curve. The difference was significant for p less than 0.05. Results: The study included 101 patients;they were 79 men (78.2%) and 22 women (21.8%). The mean age of the cirrhotic patients was 48 ± 14. Esophageal varices were present in (n = 93;92%) of cases. The different etiologies were hepatitis B virus (HBV) (n = 65;78.3%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n = 21;25, 3%), and alcohol (n = 6;7.2%). Platelet count (PC) < 100,000/mm3 was statistically related to the presence of OV with red signs. Splenomegaly (SD > 130 mm) and PC/SD ratio < 1000 were significantly related to the presence of OVs and large OVs. SD with a cutoff of > 102 mm predicted 75% of OVs (AUROC = 0.797). CP with a cutoff < 131,000/mm3, predicted 100% of OVs (AUROC = 0.756). The PC/SD ratio < 1205 diagnosed 100% of OV (AUROC = 0.801). The PC/SD ratio < 818 and SD > 129 mm predicted large OVs. Conclusion: Platelet count, spleen diamater, and PC/SD ratio were all performant for the diagnosis of OVs in our setting with better diagnostic performance for PC/SD. This report could help initiate prophylactic treatment for OVs rupture in cirrhotic patients in health centers where gastrointestinal endoscopy is lacking.

Assessment of Three Methods for Estimating Abundance of Ungulate Populations

The accuracy of three methods (pellet group count, inverse line transect method and track count) for estimat-ing the density of ungulate population was assessed, based on a wapiti population with the known size in the enclosure of500 hm2 on Tonghe Hunting Farm, Heilongjiang province, China, during 1992-1993. The estimation of population densityusing the Pelld group count method was the closeSt to the actual value, whereas the density of the wapiti population wasunderestimated by the inverse line transect method and overestimated by the track count method. No signilicant differenceexisted the estimated and actual values for the pellet group method and the inverse line transed method, but thesignificant differen was found for the track count method. Therefore, it is suggested that the pellet group method should begiven the priority in the survey of ungulate population abundance in practice.

培养温度、时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数的影响

研究采用平板计数法,评估了两个团体标准(T/YNBX 024—2021,简称“云南团标”;T/CSWSL 022—2020,简称“北京团标”)操作步骤中微生物的培养温度、培养时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂的菌数检测结果的影响,旨在为确定饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂菌数检测的培养温度和时间提供参考。结果显示:无论采用云南团标、还是北京团标,在40℃/24 h“低温、短时”培养条件下,平板上无菌落生长,无菌数检出数据;50℃/24 h“高温、短时”培养的检出菌数显著高于40℃/48 h“低温、长时”(P<0.05),且50℃/24 h“高温、短时”与50℃/48 h“高温、长时”的检出菌数一致。本研究证明,平板计数法检测饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数受培养温度和时间影响,以培养温度为50℃、培养时间为24~48 h为宜。

弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏识别仿真

弧形绝缘子金属连接环通常安装在电力设备上,由于其所处的环境复杂,且存在各种环境干扰因素的影响,使得其局部出现机械损坏时,识别结果不准确。为了精准识别连接环局部机械损坏,提出一种弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏识别方法。通过形态学开—闭重构运算对弧形绝缘子金属连接环图像展开建模,使用差分运算获取差分图像,并结合最大熵值法对其分割。根据弧形绝缘子金属连接环的特点,排除非损伤部分对图像识别的干扰。采用基于分形理论的差分盒维法,将图像划分为多个子块并计算其分形维数值,并判断图像是否在数值范围内,从而实现对连接环局部机械损坏的识别。实验结果表明,所提方法可以精准识别弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏,具有比较强的适用性。

鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立与比较

为建立鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒(MDV HVT)的间接免疫荧光方法,将MDV HVT病毒接种96孔细胞板培养(CEF),72 h后用鸡抗马立克氏病病毒阳性血清作为一抗和兔抗鸡荧光抗体作为二抗,对反应条件进行优化,建立了间接免疫荧光方法(IFA)。并与经典的马立克蚀斑计数方法进行病毒滴度的测定比较,运用统计学方法分析,P小于0.05,相关系数为0.995,说明两种方法相关性很好,两种方法均可用于马立克氏病病毒的滴度测定。IFA方法较蚀斑计数方法操作简便快捷,可代替蚀斑计数方法用于马立克氏病活疫苗的病毒含量的初步测定,同时为2025年版《中国兽药典》马立克氏病活疫苗增加IFA鉴别检验方法积累实验数据。

基于损伤等效的直立锁边屋面板动态抗风揭试验方法

围护结构在台风等极端风下的抗风性能需要依靠动态试验测定,试验周期长导致成本高且模拟研究受限。基于直立锁边屋面板材料的损伤本构模型,通过疲劳分析研究荷载幅值对材料损伤影响,提出简化荷载序列组合。借助雨流计数法统计测点风压时程得到基于损伤等效的简化荷载循环,提出动态抗风揭试验方法。参照不同试验方法开展抗风揭试验,通过对比发现,试验方法对屋面板风揭破坏过程影响不明显。除永久塑性变形外,该文试验方法与现有试验方法下屋面板损坏现象基本一致,屋面板均为撕裂破坏。不同试验方法下屋面板承载力差异在10%~20%间。该文试验方法加载周期小于1h,现有试验方法加载周期则大于20h。在屋面板风揭破坏过程、承载力等抗风揭性能差异不大情况下,该文试验方法可大幅降低试验周期,为开展模拟研究奠定基础。

基于深度学习的弱反馈自混合干涉信号滤波方法

采集激光自混合干涉信号的过程中会受到环境和电路噪声的干扰,导致信号失真。为了去掉噪声,最大限度保留原信号特征,提出了基于深度学习的自混合干涉滤波方法,该方法适用于弱反馈条件。使用自编码器作为神经网络,用加入噪声的信号作为输入,未加噪声的信号作为输出来训练网络。仿真结果表明:该方法处理含噪声自混合干涉信号时不仅能提高含噪声信号的信噪比,还能很好地保留干涉条纹的波形特征,即条纹的倾斜方向。实验中,使用深度学习方法滤波,再用条纹计数法进行位移重构,结果表明该方法对弱反馈条件下的自混合干涉信号有较好的滤波效果。

一种改进的行人航迹推算算法研究

针对行人在室内定位不准确的问题,提出一种改进的行人航迹推算算法。在步数检测阶段,提出一种基于运动分割的三阈值峰值检测法,实现了行人在不同运动状态下步数的精准检测。通过使用改进的Weinberg模型实现步长估算。并提出一种基于主方向假设的航向角修正算法,实现行人的航向角修正。最后综合步数、步长和航向角信息实现室内行人的航迹推算。实验结果表明,改进的行人航迹推算算法在室内有较好的稳定性,在室内的平均定位误差<5%,较传统PDR算法在平均定位误差上降低了9.53%,提高了行人在室内定位的精度。

基于频域分析的机载液压驱动装置疲劳寿命预测方法研究

目的 采用时域雨流法和4种频域振动疲劳分析方法对机载液压驱动装置的危险部位进行寿命预测及频域方法适用性研究。方法 首先通过有限元随机振动分析得到该结构耳片危险区域的应力PSD,计算的谱宽系数都集中在0.3~0.35,是窄带和宽带分界区域。然后运用4种典型的载荷谱估计模型,即三区间法、基于Dirlik雨流幅值经验模型、用于窄带过程的Rayleigh分布模型、Weibull分布模型,得到危险位置的疲劳寿命安全系数。接着将应力PSD映射为应力-时间序列,并基于雨流计数法得到疲劳寿命安全系数。最后以时域疲劳预测结果基准,对4种频域方法的适用性进行讨论。结果 预测结果显示,Dirlik方法预测的9个安全系数最为可靠,Rayleigh法结果一般,三区间法和Weibull法最差。结论 在窄带和宽带分界区域的谱宽系数,建议采用Dirlik方法,不建议采用三区间法和Weibull法。