A New Method for In-Situ Measurement of Internal Solitary Waves Based on the Stimulated Raman Scattering in Optical Fibers

In-situ measurement of internal solitary waves(ISWs)is complicated in the ocean due to their randomness.At present,the ISWs are mainly detected by the chain structure of conductivity-temperature-depth systems(CTDs)or temperature sensors.The high cost limits the spatial resolution,which ultimately affects the measuring accuracy of the ISW amplitude.In this paper,we developed an experimental measurement system for detecting ISWs based on the stimulated Raman scattering in distributed optical fibers.This system has the advantages of high precision,low cost,and easy operation.The experimental results show that the system is consistent with CTDs in the measurement of vertical ocean temperature variation.The spatial resolution of the system can reach 1.0 m and the measuring accuracy of temperature is 0.2℃.We successfully detected 3 ISWs by the system in the South China Sea and two optical remote sensing images collected on May 18,2021,the same day of two detected ISWs,verify the occurrence of the measured ISWs.We used the image pairs method to calculate the phase velocity of ISW and the result is 1.71 ms^(-1).By extracting the distances between wave packets,it can be found that the semi-diurnal tide generates the detected ISWs.The impact of the tidal current velocity on the ISW in amplitude is undeniable.Undoubtedly,the system has a great application prospect for detecting ISWs and other dynamic phenomena in the ocean.

Low-Threshold Broadband Spectrum Generation by Amplification of Cascaded Stimulated Raman Scattering in an Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

We present an experimental study on low-threshold broadband spectrum generation mainly due to the amplirfication of the cascaded stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） effect in a four-stage fiber master oscillator power amplifier system. The cascaded SRS is achieved by using a long passive fiber pumped by a pulsed fiber laser cen： tered at wavelength 1064 nm. The amplified spontaneous emission during the amplification process is efficiently suppressed by cutting the length of the passive fiber and by using a double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. The generated broadband spectrum spans from 960nm to 1700nm with maximum average output 13.6 W and average spectral power density approximately 17. 7 mW/nm.

Controllable Synthesis of Au NRs and Its Flexible SERS Optical Fiber Probe with High Sensitivity

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) optical fiber probes were successfully prepared by self-assembling on polyelectrolyte multilayers. Gold nanorods(Au NRs) were used as SERS enhancement material to give excellent biological affinity and stability to the SERS optical fiber probes. Au NRs were synthesized by seed growth method. The synergistic effect between AgNO_(3) and surfactant was investigated, and the highest yield was found when AgNO_(3) was 500 uL. Meanwhile, different SERS optical fiber probes were obtained by selecting silane coupling agent, polyelectrolyte multilayer and graphene oxide(GO) to treat quartz fiber. It was found that the SERS optical fiber probes obtained by the self-assembled on polyelectrolyte multilayers method performed better than those by other methods. In addition, Mapping was combined with finite element simulation to analyze the electromagnetic field distribution at the fiber end face.The electromagnetic field distribution of Au NRs was investigated, the difference of electromagnetic field intensity around the Au NRs with different arrangements was compared, the strongest signal was obtained when the Au NRs were head-to-head. Finally, sensitivity of the optimized SERS optical fiber probes could reach 10^(-9)mol/L, with excellent stability and repeatability.

Spectra of spontaneous Raman scattering in taper-drawn micro/nano-fibers

We study the spontaneous Raman scattering （RS） in taper-drawn micro/nano-fibers （MNFs） by employing the photon counting technique. The spectra of RS in five MNFs, which are fabricated by using different heating flames （hydrogen flame or butane flame） and with different diameters, are measured within a frequency shift range of 1435 cm- 1_3200 cm- 1. From the measured spectra, we observe the RS peaks originated from silica and a unique RS peak with a frequency shift of - 2905 cm-1 （- 87.2 THz）. Unlike the former ones, the latter one is not observable in conventional optical fibers. Furthermore, the unique peak becomes obvious and starts to rapidly increase with the decrease of the diameter of MNFs when the diameter is smaller than 2 μm, and the intensity of the unique peak significantly depends on the heating flame used in the fabricating process. Our investigation is useful for the entanglement generation or optical sensing using taper-drawn MNFs.

分布光纤Raman光子温度传感器(DOFRPTS)系统的信号和噪声分析

在DOFRPTS系统中，自发反斯托克斯Raman散射光子是温度信息的载体．Rayligh散射光子是压力、应力信息的载体，在2公里长光纤上，实时采样1000个点．可同时测量空间温度场的分布和空间力场的分布．系统中分别采用Rayleigh散射OTDR技术和Raman散射OTDR技术．对所测点进行定位．本文对DOFRPTS系统中的信号、噪声进行了分析，测温精度由系统的信噪比来确定，本系统的测温精度达±1℃．

NOLM-based Mode-locked Yb-doped Fiber Laser with Wide-spectrum

In this paper,a mode-locked Ytterbiumdoped fiber laser based on nonlinear optical loop mirror(NOLM)is proposed.The laser generates a wide-spectrum dissipative soliton resonance modelocked pulse with strong stimulated Raman scattering.The fiber laser is pumped forward,and the fiber ring cavity contains double-cladding Yb-doped fiber,output coupler,polarization controller,polarization independent isolator and other elements.NOLM is connected with the ring cavity by through a 3dB beam splitter and 25m single-mode fiber.The total length of the eight-shape cavity laser is about 60meters.By adjusting the intra-cavity polarization controller,a stable dissipative soliton resonance mode-locked spike pulse can be achieved.The repetition frequency of the pulse train is 3.44MHz,which is consistent with the cavity length.The 3dB bandwidth of the spectrum reaches 70.6nm,and the 10dB bandwidth is close to 147.11nm.In this experiment,dissipative soliton resonance mode-locked pulses with wide spectrum and high pulse energy are realized by a traditional modelocking method,which has wide application in many fields such as laser spectral detection and terahertz wave generation.

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Polymer Optical Fiber

Surface Plasmon Resonance （SPR） is a powerful technique for directly sensing in biological studies, chemical detection and environmental pollution monitoring. In this paper, we present polymer optical fiber application in SPR sensors, including wavelength interrogation surface enhanced Raman scattering SPR sensor and surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） probe. Long-period fiber gratings are fabricated on single mode polymer optical fiber （POF） with 120 μm period and 50% duty cycle. The polarization characteristic of this kind of birefringent grating is studied. Theoretical analysis shows it will be advantageous in SPR sensing applications.

Experimental demonstration of output power spectrum clamping for multi-channel backward-pumped distributed fiber Raman amplifiers

Output power spectrum clamping over C + L band (84 channels) is demonstrated experimentally on a standard 100-km single mode backward-pumped distributed fiber Raman amplifier (B-DFRA). The clamping is realized by pump adjustment based on a simple linear relation of individual pump power versus on-off gain level and gain tilt in its spectrum. The average clamping error of all channels are less than 0.32 dB within the experimental range.

基于系统工程方法论的分布式光纤后向Raman散射测温系统设计(英文)

基于后向 Raman散射测温系统的最大弱点是后向散射信号非常微弱 ,直接影响系统的应用 .本文引入系统工程的观点和方法 ,遵循系统建模、系统分析、系统优化和系统设计的思路 ,实现了整个系统的优化设计 .首先 ,将系统划分成光源和 Raman滤光片两个子系统 .其次 ,分别针对它们建立数学模型 ,进行分析和优化 .最后 ,综合考虑实际子系统间的关系 ,得到整个系统的最优设计 .方法具有一定的先进性 ,实践证明 ,以此为基础设计的系统可以得到极佳的测量效果 .

基于后向Raman散射测温系统波长的优化分析

本文对基于后向 Raman散射分布式光纤测温系统中激光器中心波长的优化进行了分析 .在详细讨论了 Raman信号强度、温度灵敏度和系统工作稳定性等与半导体激光器中心波长之间的关系后 ,提出了优化选择中心波长的方法 ,并结合实例予以说明 .

基于自发Raman散射分布式光纤测温系统设计

光纤传感器是一种新发展起来的传感技术。文章介绍了基于自发Raman散射的分布式光纤测温系统的应用及其结构设计,并着重分析了在脉冲光作用下系统的测温原理,同时设计了一个新型的基于薄膜滤光片的用于Raman散射的波分复用(WDM)组件。

基于后向Raman散射的分布式测温系统滤光片的数学模型

本文给出了一个设计Ｒａｍａｎ滤光片参数（中心波长和全峰值半宽ＦＷＨＭ）的数学模型．首先，讨论了Ｒａｍａｎ滤光片参数设计的相关问题，接着提出了数学模型并进行了讨论．分析表明：模型是合理、有效的．最后，给出了一个具体实例．

光纤Raman散射对类明孤子传输特性的影响

应用类明孤子在单模光纤中非线性传输特性的微扰理论,研究了光纤Raman散射对类明孤子传输特性的影响,导出了类明孤子参数演化的动力学方程。结果表明:光纤Raman散射微扰对类明孤子脉冲位置、频率和相位参数有影响,而对类明孤子脉冲振幅、脉宽、啁啾参数无影响。

Fabrication of kW-level chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings and filtering of stimulated Raman scattering in high-power CW oscillators

Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)by means of chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings(CTFBGs)has become a key topic.However,research on high-power systems is still lacking due to two problems.Firstly,after the inscription,there are a large number of hydroxyl compounds and hydrogen molecules in CTFBGs that cause significant heating due to their strong infrared absorption.Secondly,CTFBGs can couple Stokes light from the core to the cladding and the coating,which causes serious heating in the coating of the CTFBG.Aimed at overcoming these bottlenecks,a process that combines constant-low-temperature and variable-high-temperature annealing is used to reduce the thermal slope of the CTFBG.Also,a segmented-corrosion cladding power stripping technology is used on the CTFBG to remove the Stokes light which is coupled to the cladding,which solves the problem of overheating in the coating of the CTFBG.Thereby,a CTFBG with both a kilowatt-level power-carrying load and the ability to suppress SRS in a fiber laser has been developed.Further,we establish a kW-level CW oscillator to test the CTFBG.Experimental results demonstrate that the power-carrying load of the CTFBG is close to 1 kW,the thermal slope is lower than 0.015 ℃/W,and the SRS suppression ratio is nearly 23 dB.

Hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm with back propagation neural network for extracting the characteristics of multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum

In this study, a hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm （GA） with back propagation （BP） neural network （GA-BP） was proposed for extracting the characteristics of multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum. Simulations and experimental results show that the GA-BP hybrid algorithm can accurately identify the position and amount of peaks in multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum. Moreover, the proposed algorithm obtains a fitting degree of 0.9923 and a mean square error of 0.0094. Therefore, the GA-BP hybrid algorithm possesses a good fitting precision and is suitable for extracting the characteristics of multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum.

光纤Raman散射对光学高斯型脉冲传输特性的影响

应用光学高斯型脉冲在光纤中非线性传输特性的微扰理论,研究了光纤Raman散射对光学高斯型脉冲传输特性的影响,导出了光学高斯型脉冲参数演化的动力学方程。结果表明:光纤Raman散射微扰对光学高斯型脉冲脉冲位置、频率和相位参数有影响,而对光学高斯型脉冲脉冲振幅、脉宽、啁啾参数无影响。

Raman散射线型光纤感温火灾探测器的优化设计

分析了分布式光纤温度传感技术在火灾探测报警领域的应用特性和系统优化设计方案,介绍了光时域反射技术以及光纤中的Raman散射测温原理。设计开发了AT810线型光纤感温火灾探测器基于专用算法处理芯片ASIC和PowerPC处理器的实时数据采集处理系统,采用嵌入式硬件系统和基于嵌入式linux的软件平台优化系统硬件和软件性能,并对感温光缆进行优化设计,提高了系统的稳定性及可靠性。

Mitigation of stimulated Raman scattering in a high-power fiber master oscillator power amplifier laser based on a dual-structure fiber grating

With the increasing power of fiber lasers,single chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings(CTFBGs)cannot completely mitigate continuously enhanced system-excited stimulated Raman scattering(SRS).Although improving the loss rate of a single CTFBG or cascading multiple CTFBGs can provide better suppression of the stronger SRS,excessive insertion loss may cause significant attenuation of the output power.Confronting the challenge,we firstly present an SRS mitigation method based on a dual-structure fiber grating in this paper.The dual-structure fiber grating comprises a CTFBG and a fiber Bragg grating structure,which were designed and fabricated on a passive 25/400 double-clad fiber.To evaluate the performance of the grating,a 3 kW fiber master oscillator power amplifier laser is established.The experimental results demonstrate that the SRS mitigation rate of the grating is greater than 30 dB(99.9%),whereas the insertion loss is only approximately 3%,thus allowing for minimal deterioration of the output power.This solves the contradiction between high suppression rate and high insertion loss faced by CTFBGs,which in turn makes dualstructure fiber gratings particularly suitable for mitigating SRS in 3-5 kW high-power fiber lasers.

Au@Ag Core-shell Nanorods Self-assembled on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Ultra-High Sensitivity SERS Fiber Probes

We demonstrated a chemical process in the fabrication of a SERS fiber probe with an ultrahigh sensitivity.The synthesis was carried out by preparing Au@Ag core-shell nanorods (Au@Ag-NRs) selfassembled on polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers,for which Au@Ag-NRs were controlled by adjusting the silver layer thickness.The effect of silver layer thickness of Au@Ag-NRs on the SERS performance of the fiber probe was investigated.The SERS fiber probe shows the best performance when the silver layer thickness is controlled at 8.57 nm.Under the condition of optimizing silver layer thickness,the fiber probe exhibits ultra-high sensitivity (i e,10^(-10) M crystalline violet,CV),good reproducibility (i e,RSD of 3.5%) and stability.Besides,electromagnetic field distribution of the SERS fiber probe was also investigated.The strongest enhancement is found within the core of fiber,whereas a weakened electromagnetic field exists in the fiber cladding layer.The SERS fiber probe can be a good candidate in ultra-trace detection for biomedical and environmental areas.

Ported from Self-Similar Analytic Solutions of Ginzburg-Landau Equation with Varying Coefficients

Employing the technique of symmetry reduction of analytic method, we solve the Ginzburg-Landau equation with varying nonlinear, dispersion, gain coefficients, and gain dispersion which originates from the limiting effect of transition bandwidth in the realistic doped fibres. The parabolic asymptotic self-similar analytical solutions in gain medium of the normal GVD is found for the first time to our best knowledge. The evolution of pulse amplitude, strict linear phase chirp and effective temporal width are given with self-similarity results in longitudinal nonlinearity distribution and longitudinal gain fibre. These analytical solutions are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Furthermore, we theoretically prove that pulse evolution has the characteristics of parabolic asymptotic self-similarity in doped ions dipole gain fibres.