Ramsey-coherent population trapping Cs atomic clock based on lin‖lin optical pumping with dispersion detection

A Cs vapor cell-based atomic clock that uses a lin‖lin pumping scheme with dispersion detection is reported. This atomic clock shows potential for high performance because of its high contrast pumping scheme, and for miniaturization because of its simple architecture. The experimental setup and optimal operating parameters for the clock are introduced.The current fractional frequency stability is measured to be 1.3 × 10^-12/■ up to 20s and reaches 3.1 × 10^-13 at 200 s. We have thoroughly investigated the related noise sources that affect clock frequency stability at the 1s and 100s levels. The investigation shows that the laser frequency noise limits the clock frequency stability significantly. The clock performance can be further improved by technically upgrading the laser frequency stabilization setup.

Theoretical investigations of population trapping phenomena in atomic four-color,three-step photoionization scheme

The four-color three-step selective photoionization process of atom is very important in laser isotope separation technology.The population trapping phenomena and their influences are studied theoretically in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields based on the density matrix theory in this work.Time evolutions of the photoionization properties of the four-color,three-step process are given.The population trapping effects occur intensely in monochromatic excitation,while it gradually turns weak as the laser bandwidth increases.The effects of bandwidth,Rabi frequency,time delay,and frequency detuning on the population trapping effect are investigated in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields.The effects of laser process parameters and atomic parameters on the effective selective photoionization are also discussed.The ionization probability and selectivity factors,as evaluation indexes,are difficult to improve synchronously by adjusting systematic parameters.Besides,the existence of metastable state may play a negative role when its population is low enough.

Review of chip-scale atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping

Research on chip-scale atomic clocks （CSACs） based on coherent population trapping （CPT） is reviewed. The back- ground and the inspiration for the research are described, including the important schemes proposed to improve the CPT signal quality, the selection of atoms and buffer gases, and the development of micro-cell fabrication. With regard to the re- liability, stability, and service life of the CSACs, the research regarding the sensitivity of the CPT resonance to temperature and laser power changes is also reviewed, as well as the CPT resonance＇s collision and light of frequency shifts. The first generation CSACs have already been developed but its characters are still far from our expectations. Our conclusion is that miniaturization and power reduction are the most important aspects calling for further research.

High contrast atomic magnetometer based on coherent population trapping

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the coherent population trapping （CPT） resonance excited on the D1 line of 87Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. The experimental results show that a lin｜｜lin tran- sition scheme is a promising alternative to the conventional circular-circular transition scheme for an atomic magnetometer. Compared with the circular light transition scheme, linear light accounts for high-contrast transmission resonances, which makes this excitation scheme promising for high-sensitivity magnetometers. We also use linear light and circular light to detect changes of a standard magnetic field, separately.

High-performance coherent population trapping clock based on laser-cooled atoms

We present a coherent population trapping clock system based on laser-cooled^(87)Rb atoms.The clock consists of a frequency-stabilized CPT interrogation laser and a cooling laser as well as a compact magneto-optical trap,a highperformance microwave synthesizer,and a signal detection system.The resonance signal in the continuous wave regime exhibits an absorption contrast of~50%.In the Ramsey interrogation method,the linewidth of the central fringe is31.25 Hz.The system achieves fractional frequency stability of 2.4×10^(-11)/(√τ),which goes down to 1.8×10^(-13)at 20000 s.The results validate that cold atom interrogation can improve the long-term frequency stability of coherent population trapping clocks and holds the potential for developing compact/miniature cold atoms clocks.

Dependence of the ^(85)Rb coherent population trapping resonance characteristic on the pressure of N_2 buffer gas

In order to exploit its potential applications, we experimentally study the dependence of ^85 Rb-based coherent population trapping （CPTi resonance on N2 buffer gas with 6 vapor cells filled with natural rubidium and N2. The experiments are carried out at different pressures and temperatures, and the results reveal that higher cell temperature makes the resonance more sensitive to N2 pressure. Thus, it is importmlt to choose a proper buffer gas pressure at a given cell temperature. This work provides valuable data for the application of 85Rb CPT resonance with a buffer gas of N2.

Characterizing passive coherent population trapping resonance in a cesium vapor cell filled with neon buffer gas

We present a pair of phase-locked lasers with a 9.2-GHz frequency difference through the injection locking of a master laser to the RF-modulation sideband of a slave diode laser. Using this laser system, a coherent population trapping （CPT） signal with a typical linewidth of ～ 182 Hz is obtained in a cesium vapor cell filled with 30 Torr （4kPa） of neon as the buffer gas. We investigate the influence of the partial pressure of the neon buffer gas on the CPT linewidth, amplitude, and frequency shift. The results may offer some references for CPT atomic clocks and CPT atomic magnetometers.

Coherent population trapping magnetometer by differential detecting magneto–optic rotation effect

A pocket coherent population trapping（CPT） atomic magnetometer scheme that uses a vertical cavity surface emitting laser as a light source is proposed and experimentally investigated.Using the differential detecting magneto–optic rotation effect,a CPT spectrum with the background canceled and a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained.The experimental results reveal that the sensitivity of the proposed scheme can be improved by half an order,and the ability to detect weak magnetic fields is extended one-fold.Therefore,the proposed scheme is suited to realize a pocket-size CPT magnetometer.

Phase-controlled coherent population trapping in superconducting quantum circuits

We investigate the influences of the-applied-field phases and amplitudes on the coherent population trapping behavior in superconducting quantum circuits. Based on the interactions of the microwave fields with a single A-type three-level fluxonium qubit, the coherent population trapping could be obtainable and it is very sensitive to the relative phase and amplitudes of the applied fields. When the relative phase is tuned to 0 or π, the maximal atomic coherence is present and coherent population trapping occurs. While for the choice of π/2, the atomic coherence becomes weak. Meanwhile, for the fixed relative phase π/2, the value of coherence would decrease with the increase of Rabi frequency of the external field coupled with two lower levels. The responsible physical mechanism is quantum interference induced by the control fields, which is indicated in the dressed-state representation. The microwave coherent phenomenon is present in our scheme, which will have potential applications in optical communication and nonlinear optics in solid-state devices.

Image transfer through coherent population trapping based on an atomic ensemble

We report on an experiment on transferring an image through coherent population trapping （CPT） effect in a hot rubidium vapor. We demonstrate experimentally that an image can be transferred from a control light to a probe light. Moreover, we describe the demonstration that the image can be transferred from a control light to two different probes showing a feasibility of transferring an image onto multiple probes. We believe that this effect definitely has important applications in image metrology, high dimensional information transfer in quantum information field, etc.

Atomic magnetometer with microfabricated vapor cells based on coherent population trapping

An atomic magnetometer based on coherent population trapping(CPT) resonances in microfabricated vapor cells is demonstrated. Fabricated by the micro-electro-mechanical-system(MEMS) technology, the cells are filled with Rb and Ne at a controlled pressure. An experimental apparatus is built for characterizing properties of microfabricated vapor cells via the CPT effects. The typical CPT linewidth is measured to be about 3 k Hz(1.46 k Hz with approximately zero laser intensity) for the rubidium D1 line at about 90℃. The effects of pressure, temperature and laser intensity on CPT linewidth are studied experimentally. A closed-loop atomic magnetometer is finally finished with a sensitivity of 210.5 p T/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz bandwidth. This work paves the way for developing an integrated chip-scale atomic magnetometer in the future.

An Extended Genetic Linkage Map for Watermelon Based on a Testcross and a BC₂F₂Population

There is limited genetic mapping data useful for breeding programs of watermelon. Introgression lines should be a use-ful tool for genetic studies and genetic enhancement of watermelon cultivars. In this study, we used an advanced re-combinant population (BC2F2) to identify and map chromosomal segments of the wild watermelon Citrullus lanatus var. citroides that were incorporated in the genome of the watermelon cultivar Crimson Sweet (Citrullus lanatus var. lana-tus). An advanced recombinant population (BC2F2) was constructed using a United States Plant Introduction (PI) 494817 (C. lanatus var. citroides) (known to have moderate resistance to bacterial fruit blotch) as a donor parent, and the elite watermelon cultivar Crimson Sweet (C. lanatus var. lanatus) as the recurrent parent. The genetic linkage map consists of 272 markers, including 89 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), 72 targeted region amplifica-tion polymorphism (TRAP), and 111 high frequency oligonucleotide-targeting active gene (HFO-TAG) markers. The 272 markers were assembled into 51 linkage groups, covering a total genetic distance of 2162 cM, with an average genetic distance of 7.9 cM between markers. Also, we expended the genetic linkage map for watermelon derived from a testcross population {Griffin 14113 [C. lanatus var. citroide (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.] x watermelon cultivar New Hamp-shire Midget (C. lanatus var. lanatus)} x PI 386015 [C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad.]. The genetic linkage map based on the test cross population consists of 558 markers that cover a genetic distance of 2760.8 cM. This linkage map consists of 41 linkage group, including 10 large linkage groups (ranging from102-240 cM), nine intermediate size linkage groups (ranging from 62-93 cM), and 22 small linkage groups (ranging from 2-56 cM). Comparative mapping between these two linkage maps identified high consensus in 25 HFO-TAG markers and one TRAP marker that represent 8 linkage groups in the BC2F2 population and 9 linkage groups in the testcross population. These results indicate that HFO-TAG markers should be useful in comparative mapping. The extended genetic maps and the genetic population in this study should be useful in breeding programs using marker assisted selection and should serve as a platform for further de-velopment of introgression lines for watermelon.

Atomic Coherent Trapping and Properties of Trapped Atom

Based on the theory of velocity-selective coherent population trapping, we investigate an atom-laser system where a pair of counterpropagating laser fields interact with a three-level atom. The influence of the parametric condition on the properties of the system such as velocity at which the atom is selected to be trapped, time needed for finishing the coherent trapping process, and possible electromagnetically induced transparency of an altrocold atomic medium, etc., is studied.

Population Quality-based Demographic Dividend,Industrial Transformation and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Economy and Society

China is faced with a decreasing labor supply and therefore is losing its cost advantage.However,benefiting from continuous improvement of population quality,China's population quality-based demographic dividend begins to replace the quantity-based dividend to play a dominant role in economic development.Thus,in supply-side structure,rather than essential factors,it paves the way for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.With the addition of the successful industrial transformation and upgrading,China still has the advantage to overcome the middle income trap and maintain the momentum of economic growth.

Effect of Mixed Orchards on Population Dynamics and Dominant on Tephritid Flies in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt

Peach Fruit Fly （PFF） Bactrocera zonata （Saunders） and of the Mediterranean fruit fly （MFF） Ceratitis capitata （Wiedemann） are the most of dominant and destructive key pests in fruit orchards in different agro-ecosystem in Egypt. Population fluctuations of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata （Wiedemann） and the peach fly Bactrocera zonata （Saunders） was monitored with lure traps collections in three provinces in the New Valley oases, Western Desert, Egypt. Results showed marked temporal differences in peak trap catches of the two flies in the selected sites all over the entire studied areas. One annual peak of C. capitata was recorded during both October and February and coincided with the ripening period of citrus trees in Kharga oases. However, two annual peaks were recorded during June and September in Bodkholow province and coincided with the ripening period of apple and mango. On the other hand, two annual peaks of B. zonata were recorded in Kharga oases throughout May and September and coincided with the ripening periods of apricot, mango and guava. One annual peak only was recorded round up of September and/or October in both of Moot and Bodkholow in Dakhla oases and coincided with the ripening period of mango, guava and citrus. Occurrence of C. capitata was very limited in comparison with B. zonata. Population fluctuations of the two pests in the studied sites were significantly different. The ability of the used traps in capturing both of C. capitata and B. zonata indicated that the yellow sticky trap was more effective in capturing C. capitata. However, Abdel-Kawi trap was significantly efficient in trapping B. zonata. Occurrence of B. zontata in high numbers all over the study period than C. capitata is considered as a good proof that this invading fly may be consider a vigor competitive tephritid fly to the native fly C. capitata.

数字经济赋能养老服务业跨越“低水平均衡陷阱”

中国养老服务业正面临低水平需求与高成本供给之间的矛盾,这直接导致养老服务业陷入“低水平均衡陷阱”。数字经济在优化养老资源配置、降低养老服务成本和完善养老生态系统等方面发挥了重要作用,是跨越养老服务业“低水平均衡陷阱”的重要力量。借力数字经济推动养老服务实现高水平均衡,进而实现养老服务业高质量发展,需要综合施策:适当延长老年群体工作年限;对老年人口进行数字技术培训,助力他们跨越数字鸿沟;利用数字技术优化养老服务的资源配置;多渠道降低养老服务业成本;提升从业人员数字素养。

陕西眉县单片膜瓣叶蝉种群动态及色板诱捕作用研究

采用数叶调查法、黄板诱捕法及有关分析软件,研究陕西眉县猕猴桃园重要害虫单片膜瓣叶蝉的种群消长动态,以及黄板不同悬挂高度及方向对单片膜瓣叶蝉诱捕作用的影响,为单片膜瓣叶蝉的绿色防控奠定基础。结果表明:陕西眉县猕猴桃单片膜瓣叶蝉若虫发生呈三峰型曲线变化,成虫发生呈双峰型曲线变化,6月成虫虫口开始快速上升,7月中旬到达第1个发生高峰,9月下旬出现第2个发生高峰;5月若虫虫口开始快速上升,发生高峰期分别出现在5月上旬,6月初和7月中旬;黄板对单片膜瓣叶蝉的诱捕效果最好,绿板其次,蓝板和白板对叶蝉的诱捕效果较差;不同月中黄板悬挂高度对单片膜瓣叶蝉的诱捕效果不同,6月和8月距地面60 cm、90 cm、120 cm和150 cm 4个悬挂高度之间效果不存在明显差异,7月距地面90 cm处效果最好,10月距地面150 cm处效果最好。

VIPA-based two-component detection for a coherent population trapping experiment

We demonstrate a two-component detection of a coherent population trapping(CPT)resonance based on virtually imaged phased array(VIPA).After passing through a VIPA,the two coupling lights with different frequencies in the CPT experiment are separated in space and detected individually.The asymmetric lineshape is observed experimentally in the CPT signal for each component,and the comparison with the conventional detection is presented.The shift of the CPT resonant frequency is studied with both the two-component and one-component detections.Our scheme provides a convenient way to further study the CPT phenomenon for each frequency component.

两种诱虫灯下亚洲玉米螟种群动态及迁飞状态分析

【目的】亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)是我国玉米生产中最具毁灭性的鳞翅目迁飞害虫之一,严重威胁玉米安全生产,比较和评价地面灯和探照灯诱集的玉米螟种群动态和迁飞状态,为玉米螟精准防控技术制定和迁飞监测预警提供科学依据。【方法】2019—2023年连续5年在山东烟台利用地面灯和高空探照灯对玉米螟进行监测,每年4月1日至10月31日逐日检查并统计两种诱虫灯下的玉米螟数量,通过绘制监测曲线分析玉米螟的种群动态;根据每日诱虫量占全年诱虫量的百分比研究分析玉米螟的上灯规律;根据迁飞性昆虫种群数量“突增突减”现象,以及探照灯和地面灯诱虫数量比值,分析玉米螟的迁飞状态。【结果】玉米螟发生数量在年度间和月份间呈差异变化,且探照灯对玉米螟的诱集量高于地面灯,经Pearson相关分析,两种诱虫灯年诱虫总量之间不存在相关性;地面灯和探照灯监测的玉米螟种群动态基本一致,但探照灯诱虫高峰明显,且开始时间早,结束时间晚;地面灯和探照灯下玉米螟上灯规律一致,只有高峰日、一般发生日和不发生日3种类型,且高峰日均以7月中旬为分界点呈现前后两个高峰阶段;迁飞状态分析显示,玉米螟总体上分为两个迁飞过程,5月下旬至6月下旬为第一个迁飞过程,虫量少、历期短,7月下旬至9月中旬为第二个迁飞过程,虫量多、历期长。【结论】地面灯和探照灯下玉米螟种群动态一致,两种灯均可用于监测玉米螟发生动态,但探照灯诱虫数量多、诱虫高峰明显、第一个高峰日早、高峰历期长,在监测玉米螟早期迁飞状态方面更具优势,可及时监控玉米螟发生情况,并做好防控准备;地面灯和探照灯下玉米螟上灯规律一致,其高峰日均分前后两个高峰阶段,且高峰日状态明显,均可用于监测玉米螟上灯规律;玉米螟5月下旬至6月下旬经烟台从南往北迁飞,7月下旬至9月中旬往南回迁,可提前在玉米螟迁飞路径上加强监测预警,并开展精准防控工作控制玉米螟迁飞种群数量。

河南省新乡地区金龟甲发生动态及影响因子分析

为明确河南省新乡地区农田地下害虫优势种群组成、发生动态及影响因子,本研究于2015-2021年间利用虫情测报灯对该地区的金龟甲进行了监测。结果表明铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky和暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky为河南新乡小麦-玉米/花生1年2熟制农田地下害虫的优势种群,且暗黑鳃金龟的年度诱虫量及其在混合种群中的占比呈逐年增加趋势。金龟甲的发生在不同年份呈现单峰或双峰,暗黑鳃金龟发生盛期表现出明显的隔日出土现象即双倍节律。相较于暗黑鳃金龟发生期的6月中旬至9月上旬,铜绿丽金龟的发生期相对较短,在6月下旬至8月下旬。同时暗黑鳃金龟高峰日也晚于铜绿丽金龟,其中高峰日最多差22 d。金龟甲的发生与环境降雨、湿度、温度相关。本研究为新乡地区乃至黄淮海农田地下害虫的危害预警和综合治理提供数据支撑。