Random testing for system-level functional verification of system-on-chip

In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.

Calculation of Two-Tailed Exact Probability in the Wald-Wolfowitz One-Sample Runs Test

The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the algorithms employed by three statistical software programs (R, Real Statistics using Excel, and SPSS) for calculating the exact two-tailed probability of the Wald-Wolfowitz one-sample runs test for randomness, to present a novel approach for computing this probability, and to compare the four procedures by generating samples of 10 and 11 data points, varying the parameters n0 (number of zeros) and n1 (number of ones), as well as the number of runs. Fifty-nine samples are created to replicate the behavior of the distribution of the number of runs with 10 and 11 data points. The exact two-tailed probabilities for the four procedures were compared using Friedman’s test. Given the significant difference in central tendency, post-hoc comparisons were conducted using Conover’s test with Benjamini-Yekutielli correction. It is concluded that the procedures of Real Statistics using Excel and R exhibit some inadequacies in the calculation of the exact two-tailed probability, whereas the new proposal and the SPSS procedure are deemed more suitable. The proposed robust algorithm has a more transparent rationale than the SPSS one, albeit being somewhat more conservative. We recommend its implementation for this test and its application to others, such as the binomial and sign test.

Random-Like Testing of Very Large Scale Integration Circuit

A new approach to improve the test efficiency of random testing is presented in this paper. In conventional random testing, each test pattern is selected randomly regardless of the tests previously generated. This paper introduces the concept of random like testing. The method provided appears to have the same concepts as used in random testing,but actually takes an opposite way to it in order to improve the efficiency of random testing.In a random like testing sequence, the total distance among all test patterns is chosen to be maximal so that the fault sets detected by one test pattern are as different as possible from that detected by the tests previously applied. The procedure to construct a random like testing sequence (RLTS) is described in detail. Theorems to justify the effectiveness and usefulness of the procedure presented are developed. Experimental results on benchmark circuits as well as on other circuit are also given to evaluate the performance of the new approach.

Probabilistic Models for Estimation of Random and Pseudo-Random Test Length

A new probabilistic testability measure is presented to ease test length analyses of random testing and pseudorandom testing.The testability measure given in this paper is oriented to signal conflict of reconvergent fanouts.Test length analyses in this paper are based on a hard fault set,calculations of which are practicable and simple.Experimental results have been obtained to show the accuracy of this test length analyser in comparison with that of Savir,Chin and McCluskey,and Wunderlich by using a pseudorandom test generator combined with exhaustive fault simulation.

TESTING FOR VARYING DISPERSION OF LONGITUDINAL BINOMIAL DATA IN NONLINEAR LOGISTIC MODELS WITH RANDOM EFFECTS

In this paper, it is discussed that two tests for varying dispersion of binomial data in the framework of nonlinear logistic models with random effects, which are widely used in analyzing longitudinal binomial data. One is the individual test and power calculation for varying dispersion through testing the randomness of cluster effects, which is extensions of Dean(1992) and Commenges et al (1994). The second test is the composite test for varying dispersion through simultaneously testing the randomness of cluster effects and the equality of random-effect means. The score test statistics are constructed and expressed in simple, easy to use, matrix formulas. The authors illustrate their test methods using the insecticide data (Giltinan, Capizzi & Malani (1988)).

EMPIRICAL BAYES TEST PROBLEMS OF VARIANCE COMPONENTS IN RANDOM EFFECTS MODEL

Bayes decision rule of variance components for one-way random effects model is derived and empirical Bayes (EB) decision rules are constructed by kernel estimation method. Under suitable conditions, it is shown that the proposed EB decision rules are asymptotically optimal with convergence rates near O(n-1/2). Finally, an example concerning the main result is given.

Use of Random Regression Test-Day Model to Estimate Genetic Parameters of Milk Yield in Holstein Cows

(Co) variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for milk yield of Iranian Holstein cows. A total number of 68,945 milk test-day records of first, second and third lactations of 8515 animals from 100 sires and 7743 dams originated from 34 herds collected during 2007 to 2009 by Iranian animal breeding center were used. The ASReml computer program was used to analyze the milk test-day records using the random regression procedure. Herd test date (HTD), milking times per day (milking frequency), number of lactations, year of birth, year of calving, age of animal at calving and days in milk (DIM) considered as fixed effects and additive genetic effects and animal permanent environmental effects were considered as the random effects. Additive genetic variance, animal permanent environment variance, residual variance, phenotypic variance, heritability and repeatability were estimated during different months of lactation between 5.7 - 19.6, 15.3 - 27.1, 31.4 - 17.2, 45.8 - 64.83, 0.1 - 0.32 and 0.4 - 0.6, respectively. Genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation were also estimated between months of lactation in range of -0.35 - 0.98 and 0.03 - 0.67, respectively. Genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation both showed the same changing pattern and they decreased as the interval between months of lactation increased.

TESTING OF CORRELATION AND HETEROSCEDASTICITY IN NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODELS WITH DBL(p,q,1) RANDOM ERRORS

Chaos theory has taught us that a system which has both nonlinearity and random input will most likely produce irregular data. If random errors are irregular data, then random error process will raise nonlinearity （Kantz and Schreiber （1997））. Tsai （1986） introduced a composite test for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity in linear models with AR（1） errors. Liu （2003） introduced a composite test for correlation and heteroscedasticity in nonlinear models with DBL（p, 0, 1） errors. Therefore, the important problems in regression model axe detections of bilinearity, correlation and heteroscedasticity. In this article, the authors discuss more general case of nonlinear models with DBL（p, q, 1） random errors by score test. Several statistics for the test of bilinearity, correlation, and heteroscedasticity are obtained, and expressed in simple matrix formulas. The results of regression models with linear errors are extended to those with bilinear errors. The simulation study is carried out to investigate the powers of the test statistics. All results of this article extend and develop results of Tsai （1986）, Wei, et al （1995）, and Liu, et al （2003）.

考虑节点刚度随机性的焊接钢筋部品变形计算方法研究

为量化钢筋部品刚度,从受力机理角度出发,基于试验和理论分析,提出考虑刚度随机性的焊接钢筋部品变形计算方法。从受力机理的角度提出三向转动刚度独立力学求解模型,考虑钢筋直径的影响,设计了105组T形焊接钢筋试件及两类加载固定试验装置,开展分级加载试验;在此基础上,考虑焊接节点转动刚度随机性,提出基于蒙特卡洛随机抽样的焊接钢筋部品变形计算方法,并分别开展了6个焊接钢筋网片和6个钢筋块体试验进行验证。结果表明:钢筋焊接节点刚度与钢筋直径有关,当焊接条件相同时,钢筋直径越大,焊接节点刚度越大;同一钢筋直径组合的焊接节点转动刚度基本符合正态分布,3个方向的转动刚度R x>R z>R y;钢筋焊接节点刚度与焊接节点断面面积基本呈线性关系;竖筋和横筋连接节点刚度对钢筋部品变形影响显著,所采用的节点刚度取值方法计算的焊接钢筋部品变形偏差均在10%以内,与传统刚接和铰接方法相比,变形计算精度大幅提高,变形计算方法合理。

空间管路结构振动控制技术研究

飞行器在服役过程中,管路结构会产生大量级振动响应,严重时会发生断裂失效。振动控制是延缓管路结构失效,提升可靠性的主要途径。本文通过边界简化及焊接部位建模,建立了复杂空间三维管路结构动力学模型,模态仿真结果与试验模态结果对比最大误差小于3%。在此基础上,使用金属减振器进行振动控制。通过计算,获得随机振动载荷下使用金属减振器前后空间管路结构的减振效率为8.46%;通过试验获得金属减振器实际的减振效率达到14.26%。本文计算和试验结果表明使用金属减振器能够显著降低复杂空间管路结构的振动响应。

基于载荷谱的电池包疲劳试验与计算方法

电池包作为电动汽车的核心部件之一,对电动汽车的整车性能有着关键性的影响。而在电动汽车的运行过程中,电池包会不断受到来自路面的持续性冲击力,造成电池包的疲劳损坏,对驾驶员和乘客的安全以及整车性能造成一定的影响。本文以电动汽车电池包为研究对象,建立了电池包随机振动试验方法与疲劳寿命的计算方法。先对振动台、工装夹具和电池包进行扫频分析,得到振动台台面、夹具空载端板、电池包与工装夹具连接端板处的加速度传感器的测量数值与输入扫频加速度值保持一致,验证振动信号的有效传递,确保输入的振动信号能够准确传递至电池包,然后开展电池包随机振动试验。并对电池包进行了电芯性能检测、气密性检查、绝缘电阻检查和共振频率检查,得出电池包的损伤部位。研究了电池包疲劳损伤计算方法,对电池箱、电池模组和电池包内各连接方式进行了精细化建模。基于精细化模型,进行了电池包频响特性的计算。基于计算得到的频响特性和实车路谱采集试验得到电池包随机振动载荷谱曲线,采用Goodman疲劳寿命估算方法和Miner线性累积损伤法则,并结合电池包材料S-N曲线,对电池包进行了随机振动疲劳损伤分析。试验得到的电池包结构损伤部位与分析得到的失效部位具有较好的一致性,证实了本文提出的疲劳损伤计算方法的准确性。

Robustness self-testing of states and measurements in the prepare-and-measure scenario with 3 → 1 random access code

Recently, Tavakoli et al.proposed a self-testing scheme in the prepare-and-measure scenario, showing that self-testing is not necessarily based on entanglement and violation of a Bell inequality [Phys.Rev.A 98 062307(2018)].They realized the self-testing of preparations and measurements in an N → 1(N ≥ 2) random access code(RAC), and provided robustness bounds in a 2 → 1 RAC.Since all N → 1 RACs with shared randomness are combinations of 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 RACs, the3 → 1 RAC is just as important as the 2 → 1 RAC.In this paper, we find a set of preparations and measurements in the3 → 1 RAC, and use them to complete the robustness self-testing analysis in the prepare-and-measure scenario.The method is robust to small but inevitable experimental errors.

RC4加密算法改进研究及电路设计

针对软件实现RC4算法易遭受攻击且效率不高的问题,基于硬件电路实现算法的思想,引入快速伪随机数发生器提出一种改进RC4并设计电路实现。结合种子密钥和伪随机数进行字节内部与字节间的置乱改进初始化算法,提高算法安全性;设计消耗更少时钟周期的电路生成密钥流,提升加密效率。NIST检测显示改进RC4的密钥流序列随机性优于现存基于硬件的RC4产生的密钥流,仿真结果表明,电路能够完成正确加解密。

矩阵乘法程序的蜕变关系检错效率研究

为了提高飞行器程序的检错效率,更高效地保障遥测数据处理程序,论文在已有的研究基础上,分别以随机测试用例和特殊测试用例作为原始测试用例进行蜕变测试。首先选取一个一般的矩阵乘法程序,在程序中植入五个变异,全面地构造出包含了矩阵乘法所有属性的10条蜕变关系,并用这些蜕变关系对程序进行检错效率分析。实验结果表明,用一般的测试用例与特殊测试用例进行的蜕变测试结果是互补的,并且总体而言选取一般的测试用例作为原始测试用例的测试效果要优于用特殊测试用例进行蜕变测试。

随机样本数据的概率表征方法

本文通过算例分析了参数概率表征方法的适用性和有效性.对于非参数概率密度估计,介绍了几种拟合变量概率密度函数的方法,通过算例对比了不同方法的拟合效果.

系外行星成像星冕仪振动夹具设计与试验分析

为设计满足巡天空间望远镜系外行星成像星冕仪振动试验要求的夹具,对初步设计的振动夹具进行模态仿真分析。根据分析结果,识别夹具薄弱环节,并对振动夹具进行改进设计。通过分析计算,改进后的夹具满足设计固有频率要求。并对其进行正弦振动和随机振动动力学分析。将夹具在振动台上进行正弦扫频试验,验证设计合理性。夹具的仿真一阶模态结果342.6Hz,其振动试验结果一阶模态为329Hz。振动夹具一阶固有频率的试验结果与仿真计算误差约为4%,误差合理。试验验证了仿真计算结果的正确性。实现了振动夹具的基频大于试验件3倍的目标,振动夹具设计合理。满足巡天空间望远镜系外行星成像星冕仪力学环境试验使用。

颍淮排石汤对上尿路结石术后残石排出的疗效分析

通过前瞻性、随机、对照临床研究,分析中药方剂“颍淮排石汤”对输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后残留结石的排出效果。选取2020年4月-2022年10月我科行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后有结石残留的患者161例,按照数字表法随机分为对照组和中医治疗组,其中对照组76例,治疗组85例。对照组根据患者病情变化按需予以口服药物行抗感染、镇痛对症治疗;治疗组在对照组用药基础上加用中药方剂“颍淮排石汤”每日服用1剂,分2次水煎服用,共治疗8周。观察两组结石排出时间、结石排净时间、结石排净率、总有效率、中医证候变化、使用镇痛药物情况、尿白细胞转阴时间等指标。治疗8周后,治疗组的结石排净率为91.8%,总有效率95.3%,明显高于对照组的78.9%、84.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的结石排出时间和排净时间(5.50±1.55天,22.88±5.34天)均短于对照组(9.60±2.10天,40.01±3.94天,P<0.05);治疗组患者2周后中医证候评分低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者应用镇痛药物的比例低于对照组(12.76%vs30.91%,P<0.05),治疗组患者术后尿常规白血病转阴时间短于对照组(13.60±1.85天vs 20.76±4.86天,P<0.05)。颍淮排石汤可以明显促进输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后残留结石的排出,缩短排石时间,同时可以减少患者术后腰痛、血尿等症状,促进尿路感染的恢复。

Predicting test data of aluminum honeycomb sandwich board based on volterra adaptive filters

Random vibration test was done on aluminum honeycomb sandwich board. The result suggested that chaotic behavior is found in the test data. The Volterra expression can not be gained from the input and output data directly in this paper. The state space reconstruction was used to convert the system observed data into the quasi-input/output pairs, and the second-order Voherra adaptive filter was used to predict the test data. It is shown that combining the state space reconstruction with the Volterra adaptive filter, these chaotic series could be accurately predicted.

软土地层盾构掘进参数分析及掘进速度预测

依托佛山地铁3号线逢沙站—创意园站区间隧道工程,通过现场实测数据,详细分析了土压平衡盾构穿越软土地层时盾构掘进参数内在变化规律,并建立了掘进速度预测模型。首先,对盾构掘进参数进行数理统计分析,对各掘进参数的分布进行正态性检验;其次,进行Pearson相关性分析,找出线性相关性较强参数间变化规律;再次,利用基于互信息的特征选择算法,筛选与掘进速度非线性相关性较高的参数变量;最后,分别建立随机森林回归预测模型和基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测模型,对掘进速度进行预测。研究结果表明:在软弱地层盾构隧道工程中,通常采用较低的刀盘转速、刀盘扭矩及较高的掘进速度、贯入度、盾构总推力、土仓压力;掘进速度等参数均通过了采用K-S检验法的正态性检验;掘进速度与贯入度存在极强相关性关系;基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测模型的预测精度略优于随机森林回归预测模型,随机森林回归预测模型在测试集中的平均绝对误差、均方根误差、拟合优度分别为4.055、5.038、0.871,而基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测模型分别为0.822、1.244、0.991。

基于ART优化选择策略的遗传算法生成测试数据方法

测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操作,动态更新种群,从而增加种群进化过程中的个体多样性,提高了收敛速度,有效地减少了陷入局部最优。实验结果显示,与传统遗传算法生成测试数据的方法相比,改进的算法明显提高了路径覆盖率,减少了种群平均进化代数。