Anomalous Concentrations of Rare Metal Elements, Rare-scattered(Dispersed) Elements and Rare Earth Elements in the Coal from Iqe Coalfield, Qinghai Province, China

Total of 23 bench samples were taken from the No. 7 Coal of Iqe Coalfield, Qinghai Province, China, following Chinese Standard Method GB/T 482-2008 （2008）. These samples were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP- MS） and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）. The results indicate that the No. 7 Coal belongs to a low rank （Ro.ran =0.659%） and high-ash coal （40.54%）. Compared to common Chinese and world low-rank coals, the lqe coal contains anomalous concentrations of rare metal elements, rare-scattered （dispersed） elements and rare earth elements. The highest contents of Rb, Cs, Ga and REY reach to 180, 26, 37, and 397 ppm, respectively. Their average contents of these elements are 10.9, 15, 4.8 and 3.5 times higher than those of world coals, respectively. Minerals in the coal include kaolinite, quartz, muscovite, siderite, and traces of rutile, and brookite. Kaolinite could be main host minerals of Rb, Cs, Ga and REY. The anomalous rare element Rb and Cs accumulation in the Iqe coal is related to both organic and inorganic matter. The REY concentrations may be related to circulation of thermal solutions, contained or sorbed by clayey particles, and organic matter as well.

Mechanism of interaction relation between the rare-earth element Ce and impurity elements Pb and Bi in Ag-based filler metal

The mechanism of interaction relation between the rare-earth element Ce and elements Pb and Bi in Ag-based filler metal has been studied. The results show that the compounds CePb and CeBi with high melting point can be easily produced between these three elements in the filler metal, which greatly limited the formation of the isolated phase Pb or Bi and also eliminated the bad effect of impurity elements Pb and Bi on the spreading property of Ag-based filler metal. The metallurgical and quantum-mechanical bond formation analysis show that a strong chemical affinity was existed between the rare-earth element Ce and impurity elements Pb and Bi, which was proved by the XRD analysis results.

Analysis of Different Rare Metals, Rare Earth Elements, and other Common Metals in Groundwater of South West Bank/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

Ground water samples are collected from south West Bank/Palestine and analyzed for different rare elements (Rb, Zr, U, P, Ti, V), rare earth elements (La, Ce, and Nd), and other common trace metals (Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, K, Bi) that most of them usually have no maximum acceptable limits as either they are considered not to be toxic to human health or there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. This study was conducted to determine the water quality of ground water which is used for drinking in the study area. Water samples from ten groundwater wells were obtained in three different dates of the year (November 2012, March 2013, and April 2013). Three water samples were obtained from each well for each sampling date;so a total of 90 water samples were collected from the ten wells. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, ground water is a main source of their water supply.

Effects of rare-earth elements on the glass-forming ability and mechanical properties of Cu_(46)Zr_(47-x)Al_7M_x(M = Ce,Pr,Tb,and Gd) bulk metallic glasses

Cu46Zr47-xA17Mx （M = Ce, Pr, Tb, and Gd） bulk metallic glassy （BMG） alloys were prepared by copper-mold vacuum suction casting. The effects of rare-earth elements on the glass-forming ability （GFA）, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of Cu46Zr47-xA17Mx were investigated. The GFA of Cu46Zr47-xA17Mx （M = Ce, Pr） alloys is dependent on the content of Ce and Pr, and the optimal content is 4 at.%. Cu46Zr47-xA17Thx（X = 2, 4, and 5） amorphous alloys with a diameter of 5 mm can be prepared. The GFA of Cu46Zr47-xA17Gdx（x = 2, 4, and 5） increases with increasing Gd. Tx and Tp of all decrease. Tg is dependent on the rare-earth element and its content. ATx for most of these alloys decreases except the Cu46Zra2Al7Gd5 alloy. The activation energies △Eg, △Ex, and △Ep for the Cu46Zr42A17Gd5 BMG alloy with Kissinger equations are 340.7, 211.3, and 211.3 kJ/mol, respectively. These values with Ozawa equations are 334.8, 210.3, and 210.3 kJ/mol, respec- tively. The Cu46Zr45Al7Tb2 alloy presents the highest microhardness, Hv 590, while the Cu46Zr43A17Pr4 alloy presents the least, Hv 479. The compressive strength （at.f.） of the Cu46Zra3A17Gd4 BMG alloy is higher than that of the Cu46Zr43Al7Tb4 BMG alloy.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Erosion Resistance of Nitrocarburized Layers of 38CrMoAl Steel

Effect of rare earth elements (RE) on erosion resistance of nitrocarburized layer of 38CrMoAl steel was investigated. The results indicate that significant improvement occurs in erosion resistance of nitrocarburized 38CrMoAl steel by introducing RE during nitrocarburizing processing as compared with conventional nitrocarburizing processing. Results of mechanical testing show that both hardness and impact toughness of RE-nitrocarburizing layer of 38CrMoAl steel increase as compared with the conventional one. Optical microscopy reveals that there is improvement in the nitrocarburized layer attributed to the introduction of RE, which results in improvement in erosion resistance. Surface morphology observation of tested samples reveals that predominantly furrow-like peelings from plastic deformation are observed for RE nitrocarburizied 38CrMoAl steel, while the furrow-like peeling with initial cross crack and large grinding peelings were observed for conventionally nitrocarburized samples.

Analysis of Different Rare Metals, and Rare Earth Metals in Harvested Rain Water in Gaza Strip/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

This rain water samples harvested for drinking and agriculture from Gaza collected in November 2012 were analyzed for different rare metals (Rb, Zr, Ti, Tl, Sb, Sc, Y), and rare earth metals (La, and Ce). These metals usually have no maximum acceptable limits as there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. Their control should be therefore controlled in water to monitor their concentration in water (ground, harvested, etc.). This study was conducted to determine the water quality of harvested water which is used for drinking in the study area. 43 water samples were collected in November 2012 during the first rain from house wells and rain water pools. The concentrations of the metals detected in the collected harvested rainwater vary significantly between the 43 samples, and all of them were detected in all water samples analyzed in this study. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, harvested rain water is a main source of their water supply.

Rare Metals (Ta-Nb-Sn) Mineralization Potential of Pegmatites of Igangan Area, Southwestern Nigeria

The study was carried out to determine the rare metal mineralization potential of some pegmatites associated with metasediments in the Igangan 240 NW sheet. Geological mapping on a scale of 1:50,000 revealed the pegmatites intrude metasediments and geochemical analysis for major, trace and rare earth elements were carried out using ICP MS/AES. Petrographic studies reveal a mineral assemblage of quartz, microcline and tourmaline;SEM studies revealed garnet and tourmaline to be close to the spessartine end-member and schorl respectively with albite occurring as the dominant plagioclase feldspar in the pegmatites. Result of geochemical analysis revealed SiO2 with an average of 73.91% in the whole rock pegmatite Al2O3 with an average of 13.93%, and average concentration of 0.57%, 4.3% and 4.77% for CaO, Na2O and K2O respectively. It also revealed average concentration of 29 ppm, 153 ppm, 30 ppm, 118 ppm and 129 ppm for W, Li, Ta, Nb and Sn in the mica respectively which is above the average values in the whole rock, felspars and tourmaline extracts. REE abundance in the whole rock pegmatites is low to moderate with ∑REE varying between 8 - 220 ppm, 2 - 23 ppm in feldspars and 3 - 32 ppm in mica signifying no form of REE enrichment. Geochemical analysis results and trace elemental plots such as K/Rb vs. Rb, Ta vs. Ga, Ta vs. Cs were used to assess rare metal mineralization and it revealed the pegmatites have low level of rare metal and rare earth element mineralization with average k/Rb values of 177 indicative of low fractionation levels in the pegmatites.

新疆阿尔泰可可托海矿区伟晶岩成因与矿化潜力研究:来自石英SEM-CL和微量元素的指示

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号脉矿床是世界瞩目的伟晶岩型稀有金属Li-Be-Nb-Ta-Rb-Cs-Hf矿床。尽管前人对3号脉伟晶岩矿床已经进行了大量的研究工作,然而在伟晶岩稀有金属成矿潜力以及伟晶岩成因问题上仍存在一些争议。本文以发育在可可托海矿区不同规模的伟晶岩脉以及淡色花岗岩为研究对象,利用石英SEM-CL和原位微量元素技术手段,查明各伟晶岩脉和花岗岩的稀有金属禀赋差异及成因联系。研究结果表明,石英的Li和Al含量可以用来指示伟晶岩的矿化潜力。与1号和2号伟晶岩脉相比,3号伟晶岩脉具有更宽的分异范围,以石英中Ge/Ti变化于1.83×10^(-6)~159×10^(-6)范围为特征,更高的Li含量,其中外侧带平均Li含量为39×10^(-6),因而成矿潜力最大。此外,证实了白云母钠长花岗岩为矿化花岗岩,其微量元素组成和演化程度与3号脉伟晶岩外侧带相当,而白云母碱长花岗岩为贫矿花岗岩。更重要的是,本文利用各伟晶岩结构分带内的石英中Ge/Ti-Ge以及Ge/Ti-Al/Ti图解,确定了各伟晶岩脉具有相似的演化趋势,指示它们可能源于相同的花岗岩母岩。与世界上典型的RMG(花岗岩浆演化后残余熔浆结晶)和DPA(直接深部地壳熔融)成因的伟晶岩相比,可可托海矿区含矿伟晶岩和花岗岩中石英微量元素与RMG成因伟晶岩存在地球化学亲和性,这指示它们来源于花岗质岩浆的残留熔浆。

希夏邦马峰地区岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及其指示意义

近年来,喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿的研究与找矿工作不断取得突破,使得喜马拉雅地区成为我国重要的稀有金属成矿带。本文报道了希夏邦马峰地区新发现的锂辉石伟晶岩,发现地位于吉隆岩体东北侧的岗布地区,与吉隆扎龙沟隔山相望。这是在吉隆岩体附近首次发现锂辉石伟晶岩露头,是继琼嘉岗(普士拉)锂辉石伟晶岩、嘎波锂辉石伟晶岩、热曲锂辉石伟晶岩和库曲锂辉石伟晶岩之后,又一锂成矿发现点。结合已有研究显示吉隆扎龙沟地区具有极高的岩浆分异演化程度,表明吉隆岩体北侧具有很好的稀有金属成矿前景。该成矿伟晶岩产出于海拔5300m的变质地层(黑云母片岩和符山石矽卡岩)之中,根据野外产状可以将其分为两类,一类为强变形锂辉石伟晶岩,其发生明显糜棱岩化作用,呈透镜体形式产出;另一类为弱变形锂辉石伟晶岩,其规模相对较大,变形较弱,但其走向也受区域构造控制。结合地层的变质变形特征,我们认为此处为藏南拆离系的发育位置。成矿伟晶岩下部海拔5200m处出露绿柱石伟晶岩以及切层电气石花岗伟晶岩,5100m处出露电气石白云母花岗岩。通过对电气石白云母花岗岩和两类锂辉石伟晶岩及切层电气石花岗伟晶岩进行独居石和铌铁矿族矿物定年分析,显示电气石白云母花岗岩和锂辉石伟晶岩的形成时代均为25Ma,而切层电气石花岗伟晶岩的形成时代为17.5Ma。岗布锂辉石伟晶岩中铌铁矿族矿物的Mn#[Mn/(Mn+Fe)]值明显高于切层电气石花岗伟晶岩中的铌铁矿族矿物,同时也高于喜马拉雅带内其他已知伟晶岩的铌铁矿族矿物,反映其岩浆相对富氟的特征。时间上,岗布锂辉石伟晶岩与琼嘉岗(普士拉)和库曲锂辉石伟晶岩基本一致,表明喜马拉雅带内~25Ma是重要的锂成矿期,与藏南拆离系的活动密切相关。空间上,岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的剖面特征与琼嘉岗(普士拉)锂辉石伟晶岩和嘎波锂辉石伟晶岩等类似,均表现为下部为电气石白云母淡色花岗岩,之上为绿柱石伟晶岩,再向上则为锂辉石伟晶岩,成矿伟晶岩的产出明显受藏南拆离系的控制,反映了喜马拉雅带的锂成矿作用具有较好的空间一致性,这对于理解喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿作用与找矿具有重要意义。

伟晶岩结晶动力学和热力学及稀有金属超常富集成矿机制

本文综述了伟晶岩结晶动力学、热力学和伟晶岩熔体稀有金属元素实现超常富集成矿的机制。结晶动力学涉及成核动力学和晶体生长动力学两个方面。低成核速率和高晶体生长速率是伟晶岩结晶动力学的重要特征,在结晶过程受到水、助溶剂以及过冷条件三个因素共同制约。伟晶岩熔体的相态(超临界态)可能在伟晶岩形成和稀有金属元素超常富集中扮演重要角色。花岗伟晶岩稀有金属超常富集程度受到岩浆源区成分、岩浆结晶分异过程与熔体化学成分等因素的控制。花岗质岩浆高度分异结晶或者变质沉积岩部分熔融直接形成的成矿伟晶岩熔体均需要源岩中稀有金属元素预富集。深熔作用产生的低程度、小体积的伟晶岩熔体具有更高的稀有金属元素成矿潜力。在岩浆分异演化过程中,稀有金属元素的超常富集主要通过超临界熔体/流体、岩浆熔体作用、过冷作用实现。超临界熔体/流体发生熔体-流体不混溶作用使稀有金属元素在熔体相和流体相间再分配和富集;岩浆熔离作用使稀有金属元素选择性分配到富挥发分的熔体中,导致稀有金属元素再次富集;过冷作用降低稀有金属矿物结晶的饱和浓度,促进稀有金属矿物结晶。熔体的化学成分(如挥发分)直接影响熔体的物理、化学性质。例如,挥发分的富集能够降低熔体黏度,促进岩浆分异结晶过程。挥发分和稀有金属元素的亲和性也控制稀有金属元素在不同相熔体中的分配和富集,显著增加稀有金属元素的溶解度和迁移富集能力,有助于伟晶岩中稀有金属超常富集和成矿。

中国铁矿床伴生关键金属:基本特征、分布规律及资源潜力

关键金属对于国家高精尖科技发展具有举足轻重的地位。近年来,随着科技革命推进和新兴产业发展,许多国家对关键金属资源的争夺愈加激烈。中国战略性关键金属与“四稀金属”大致对应,主要以伴生形式赋存于各种类型的矿床中。铁矿是中国分布最广泛、研究最成熟的金属矿产之一,但以往的研究主要注重于铁矿床类型及成因的研究,对其伴生的关键金属研究程度不够。文章通过对大量文献开展深入调研工作,系统地总结了中国铁矿床中关键金属的基本特征和时空分布规律,并初步评价了铁矿床中关键金属的资源潜力。研究结果显示,铁矿作为大宗金属矿产主要伴生REE、Sc、Nb、Ta、PGE、Co、Ni、Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、Re等关键金属以及Mn、Ti、V等有色金属;中国伴生关键金属铁矿床主要划分为5个成矿区:扬子地台西缘成矿区、长江中下游成矿区、鲁西成矿区、华北准地台北缘成矿区和白乃庙-东升庙成矿区。对铁矿床中伴生关键金属的赋存状态和超常富集机制的深入研究,将为关键金属资源综合利用和找矿勘查提供参考,并提高中国战略性关键金属资源储备和国际竞争力。

北京城区秋季不同高度积尘中微量元素污染特征及源解析

为研究北京市城区大气积尘中微量元素在不同高度下的污染特征及来源,于2021年9—11月采集了积尘样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS(8800)分析了11种重金属元素(Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、V、Ni、As、Co、Mo、Cd)和14种稀土元素,采用地累积指数法、富集因子法、配分模式图和主成分分析法对其进行污染特征和来源分析.结果表明,11种重金属元素的浓度从低层至中层逐渐升高,低层与高层浓度相差不大,Zn元素浓度从中层至高层呈上升趋势,在高层出现最大值584.3 mg·kg^(−1),而V、Mn、Ni、Cu等元素浓度从中层至高层降低,14种稀土元素浓度均在中层最低,其浓度在所有高度下均未超出环境背景值.地累积指数结果表明,Cd元素在中层污染最为严重,污染等级为4级,Zn元素在高层污染最为严重,污染等级为2级,而As、Mn、Mo、Co、V污染程度均为无污染,但相对于低层与高层,中层污染指数较高.通过富集因子、配分模式图和主成分分析结果显示,14种稀土元素来源为自然源,11种重金属元素来源为地壳源、交通源和燃烧源.

钆含量对Fe-B-Nb-Gd非晶合金磁学性能和氧化机制的影响规律

研究了Gd含量对(Fe_(73)B_(22)Nb_(5))_(100–x)Gd_(x)(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)合金非晶形成能力、热稳定性和磁学性能的影响规律,并对比分析了非晶氧化机制.通过添加Gd元素,合金的原子尺寸差超过13%,构型熵增大了30%,提升了合金的非晶形成能力.随着Gd含量的增大,过冷液相区范围达到73 K,热稳定性得到明显增强.Gd元素导致合金局部各向异性受到限制,准位错偶极子型缺陷密度降低.这有效减少了阻碍磁畴壁旋转的钉扎位点,提高合金软磁性能.此外,Gd元素使得非晶在氧化过程中对温度的变化更为敏感,达到最大氧化速率的温度降低了15 K,但是并未恶化其抗氧化性能.Gd原子受结合能影响向表层迁移,形成的富Gd氧化物填充了表层缺陷,占据了大量顶部空间,合金表面附近的结构更加致密.这种结构减少了氧原子通过微观组织界面进行扩散的通道,有助于增强抗氧化性能.

碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土矿床类型及成矿作用研究进展

碱性花岗岩因富集稀有稀土元素而成为一种重要的成矿岩体。近年来碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土矿床在矿床类型分类、成矿流体和成矿物质来源及成矿机制等方面取得一些重要的研究进展。碱性花岗岩通常富集高场强元素(HFSEs)和稀土元素(REEs),根据暗色矿物与主矿种之间的关系该类型矿床可分为富Nb-Zr-REEs钠(铁)闪石碱性花岗岩型、富Nb-U-HREEs碱性杂岩型和富Nb-Sn黑云母碱性花岗岩型3种类型。碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土矿床成矿时代主要集中于古生代-新生代,与大陆、超大陆的裂解和聚合后期伸展构造背景有关。成矿流体经历了早期岩浆分异与晚期热液交代2个演化阶段。研究表明从岩浆中出溶的成矿流体具有低温、高盐度、富F等特征,可导致HFSEs和REEs等元素在碱性花岗岩中超常富集。母岩浆中不相容元素浓集到出溶流体中,并随着后期含F流体结晶或交代原岩而形成稀有稀土矿物。成矿物质通常来源于地幔岩浆或地幔与地壳的混合,但也可能来源于俯冲洋壳。岩浆结晶分异与热液交代为碱性花岗岩型稀有稀土矿床的2种主要成矿机制,但该类矿床大多为2种机制的复合形成。

稀土掺杂上转换纳米材料在金属离子检测领域中的应用

重点综述了基于稀土掺杂上转换纳米材料(REEs-UCNPs)构建荧光共振能量转移(FRET)体系或发光共振能量转移(LRET)体系来实现对金属离子定量分析检测的研究进展,并对REEs-UCNPs在生物医学、卫生分析和环境检测等领域应用的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

密闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法测定花岗伟晶岩中32种微量元素

花岗伟晶岩富集锂铍铷铯铌钽等稀有金属元素,准确测定其中的大离子亲石元素、高场强元素和稀土等微量元素,可用于判断成矿流体物质来源、成岩构造环境。目前的测试方法研究主要集中在锂铍铷铯铌钽等少数元素,样品消解方法有四酸敞开法、五酸敞开法、密闭酸溶法等,存在难溶矿物分解不完全、锆铪钍铀和稀土等元素回收率偏低等问题。本文对比了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸敞开消解法、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硫酸敞开消解法、硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法三种方法的分解效果。结果表明:四酸消解法中,铌钽锆铪钨和重稀土元素结果严重偏低;五酸消解法由于采用硫酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系提取,有效地防止了铌钽的水解,铌钽钨等元素测定结果准确,但锆铪钡铅和轻稀土元素测定结果偏低。硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法使用王水代替硝酸进行残渣复溶,促进了铌钽锆铪和稀土等元素的复溶,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)可以准确测定花岗伟晶岩中稀有金属、稀土元素等32种元素,方法检出限为0.004~2.50μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)为1.0%~8.3%。将该方法应用于8种花岗岩、伟晶岩及稀有金属矿标准物质和三种类型实际样品的测定,标准物质的测定值与标准值基本相符。

岩矿中稀有金属元素化学分析方法研究

随着社会经济的不断发展,社会各领域对稀有金属元素的需求量日益增多,而岩矿资源是稀有金属的主要来源,利用化学分析技术,对岩石矿物进行科学的检测后,能够明确稀有金属元素的含量,为各元素的分离和提取,创造有利条件。本文简要分析了岩石矿物中稀有金属元素的化学分析现状以及重难点后,基于常见的化学分析技术,重点阐述了铝元素、锂元素以及硒元素等稀有金属元素的化学分析方法,旨在提高岩矿资源中稀有金属元素的勘查质量和效率,以期为岩矿中稀有金属元素化学分析工作的高质量开展,提供参考和借鉴。

基于稀土掺杂上转换纳米材料NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@TGA直接对金属离子进行定量分析的方法探究

目的:基于荧光猝灭或增强机制,构建稀土掺杂上转换纳米材料NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@TGA直接对金属离子进行定量分析的方法,实现对金属离子快速、准确、灵敏检测。方法:通过溶剂热法制备出性能优良的稀土掺杂上转换纳米材料NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@TGA,并对其进行表征;通过测量14种常见的金属离子对NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@TGA荧光强度的影响,筛选能够引起NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@TGA荧光强度增强或下降,且与金属离子浓度呈线性关系的金属离子类型,进而建立检测新方法。结果:金属离子Mg^(2+)、Fe^(3+)分别在浓度范围为0~7.00μg/mL、0~6.00μg/mL与NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@TGA的荧光强度呈现良好的线性关系,其标准曲线方程的线性系数分别为0.9924、0.9982,检出限分别为1.79μg/mL、1.30μg/mL,加标回收率分别为95.5%~98.8%、92.5%~97.8%,方法相对标准偏差分别为4.05%、8.18%。结论:该方法检测限低、准确度较高、精密度较好,有望用于实际样品中Mg^(2+)、Fe^(3+)定量分析。

验“金”试纸——基于色彩美学的科普实验设计

试纸——通常指的是经过化学处理以后可对特定对象产生颜色变化的一类纸基产品,是人们进行快速检测分析的好帮手。本实验在玻璃纤维滤纸表面改性的基础上,设计了一种基于稀土配合物荧光传感特性的重金属离子检测试纸,充分展示了其在检测水中是否含有重金属离子方面的有效性与便捷性。创新设计的验“金”试纸在检测水源重金属离子污染方面大有用途,充分凸显了化学在促进生态文明建设方面大有可为。试纸的制作过程简单、安全与环保,所得验“金”试纸实用、易用与好用,实验过程既能科普试纸的一般制作与检验原理,又能激发学生进行科学探索与应用实践的兴趣,并在试纸使用的过程中传播生态文明的理念。本实验简单、易重复、门槛低、绿色环保且安全,实验过程具有独特的色彩美学,令人印象深刻,既适合在公众场所开展科普实验,又适合在小学高年级、中学和各本专科院校的实验教学中开展和普及。