Resistance Analysis of 25 Corn Varieties to Stalk Rot and Evaluation of Yield Loss

Due to the meteorological factors, Henan Province had a large-scale outbreak of corn stalk rot in 2014, and the incidence status of 25 varieties was investigated. According to the relevant resistance identification standards, Xundan.509 was classified as resistance variety; Yudan606, Jinsai38 and Xundan3136 were classified as moderate resistance ones, while the other 21 varieties were highly susceptible varieties. Using the yield loss rate of 5% as the critical value of disease tolerance standard, XundanS09, Yudan606, Jinsai38, Xundan3136, Huaiyu5288, QiaoyuS, XY046, Zhengyu10, Lile66, WeikeT02 and Xundan29 were classified into tolerance varieties of corn stalk rot. The concept between disease resistance and disease tolerance was distinguished. The diseased plant rate was used as the classification basis of disease resistance and the yield loss rate was used as the evaluation standard of disease tolerance. The relationship between both was showed by a Venn diagram.

Stalk Rot Resistance Analysis and Yield Loss Evaluation on 25 Maize Varieties and Utilization of Resistant Germplasm Jun M9

Stalk rot outbroke in Henan Province in 2014 on maize,and the disease conditions of 25 varieties were investigated.According to national maize variety disease resistance identification standards,Jundan 509 was a resistant variety; Yudan 606,Jinsai 38 and Jundan 3136 were moderately-resistant varieties; and other 21 varieties were all highly susceptible.Based on the yield loss rate of 5% determined as the critical value for division of disease tolerance,disease-tolerant varieties included Jundan 509,Yudan 606,Jinsai 38,Jundan 3136,Huaiyu 5288,Qiaoyu 8,XY046,Zhengyu 10,lile 66,weike 702 and Jundan 29.Varietal disease resistance and tolerance were mainly divided according to incidence and yield loss rate,respectively,and the correlation between them was showed by a Venn diagram.With the male parent Jun M9 of Jundan 509 as a backbone material,multiple maize combinations resistant to stalk rot were formed,and Yongyou 618 among them was approved by Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.

The Effect of a High-Frequency-Hearing-Threshold Weighted Value on the Diagnosis of Occupational-Noise-Induced Deafness

Objective: In order to provide a theoretical basis for the revision of the current diagnostic criteria for occupational noise-induced deafness (ONID), we evaluated the degree of ONID by analyzing different high-frequency-hearing- threshold-weighted values (HFTWVs). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the diagnosis of patients with ONID from January 2016 to January 2017 in Guangdong province, China. Based on 3 hearing tests (each interval between the tests was greater than 3 days), the minimum threshold value of each frequency was obtained using the 2007 edition’s diagnostic criteria for ONID. The speech frequency and the HFTWVs were analyzed based on age, noise exposure, and diagnostic classi-fication using SPSS21.0. Results: 168 patients in total were involved in this study, 154 males and 14 females, and the average age was 41.18 ± 6.07. The diagnosis rate was increased by the weighted value of the high frequencies and was more than the mean value of the pure speech frequency (MVPSF). The diagnosis rate for the weighted 4 kHz frequency level increased by 13.69% (χ2 = 9.880, P = 0.002), the weighted 6 kHz level increased by 15.47% (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), and the weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz level increased by 15.47% (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002). The differences were all statistically significant. The diagnostic rate of the different thresholds showed no obvious difference between the genders. The age groups were divided into less than or equal to 40 years old (group A) and 40 - 50 years old (group B). There were several groups with a high frequency: high frequency weighted 4 kHz ( group A χ2 = 3.380, P = 0.050;group B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032), high frequency weighted 6 kHz (group A χ2 = 6.362, P = 0.012;group B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032), weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz (group A χ2 = 6.362 P = 0.012;B χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.032) than those of MVPSF in the same group on ONID diagnosis rate. The differences between the groups were statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the age groups (χ2 = 2.265, P = 0.944). The better ear’s (the smaller hearing threshold weighted value) MVPSF and the weighted values for the different high frequencies were examined in light of the number of working years;the group that was exposed to noise for more than 10 years had significantly higher values than those of the average thresholds of each frequency band in the groups with 3 - 5 years of exposure (F = 2.271, P = 0.001) and 6 - 10 years of exposure (F = 1.563, P = 0.046). The differences were statistically significant. The different HFTWVs were higher than those of the MVPSF values, and the high frequency weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz level showed the greatest difference, with an average increase of 2.83 dB. The diagnostic rate that included the weighted high frequency values was higher for the mild, moderate, and severe cases than those patients who were only screened with the pure frequency tests. The results of the comparisons of the diagnosis rates for mild ONID were as follows: the weighted 3 kHz high frequency level (χ2 = 3.117, P = 0.077) had no significant difference, but the weighted 4 kHz level (χ2 = 10.835, P = 0.001), 6 kHz level (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), 3 kHz + 4 kHz level (χ2 = 6.315, P = 0.012), 3 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 6.315, P = 0.012), 4 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 9.985, P = 0.002), and 3 kHz + 4 kHz + 6 kHz level (χ2 = 7.667, P = 0.002) were significantly higher than the diagnosis rate of the mean value of the PSF. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for the moderate and severe grades (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Different HFTWVs increase the diagnostic rate of ONID. The weighted 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 4 kHz + 6 kHz high frequency values greatly affected the diagnostic results, and the weighted 4 kHz + 6 kHz high frequency hearing threshold value has the maximum the effect on the ONID diagnosis results.

加速碳化条件下不同养护制度对碱矿渣混凝土钢筋锈蚀的影响

研究了加速碳化环境(CO_(2)浓度为20%)下,标准养护、饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护和蒸压养护对CaO+Na_(2)CO_(3)为激发剂的碱矿渣混凝土(CNC)中钢筋锈蚀的影响。结果表明,与标准养护相比,饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护不改变CNC的水化产物,但使其早期水化更加充分,因此平均孔径减小;蒸压养护使CNC水化产物由C-S-H凝胶转化为水榴石与11-?型的托勃莫来石,平均孔径和总孔隙率显著减小。在相同的加速碳化龄期下,与标准养护相比,饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护和蒸压养护的CNC碳化深度降低、CNC中钢筋发生高概率锈蚀时间延缓、钢筋失重率下降。与相同养护条件下的普通硅酸盐混凝土相比,标准养护和饱和Ca(OH)_(2)溶液养护的CNC中钢筋抗锈蚀能力远小于普通硅酸盐混凝土,而蒸压养护的CNC中钢筋抗锈蚀能力大于普通硅酸盐混凝土。

生物抛光处理对针织牛仔面料性能的影响

为了解决机械摩擦导致的针织物表面光洁度和成品外观差的问题,采用酸性纤维素酶对靛蓝针织牛仔面料进行处理,对正交设计试验方案处理后的织物毛羽分布情况、织物顶破强力、失重率等性能指标进行测试。试验结果表明:在毛羽长度0~0.2 mm、0.2~0.4 mm、0.4~0.6 mm 3个范围测试中,织物毛羽指数最小、表面最光洁的处理工艺为:处理温度50℃,酸性纤维素酶质量浓度1.8 g/L,pH值为4,处理时间60 min。影响顶破强力的因素主次排列为:pH值>酸性纤维素酶质量浓度>处理温度>处理时间,顶破强力损失最小的方案为:处理温度40℃,酸性纤维素酶质量浓度1.2 g/L,pH值为5,处理时间60 min。在平磨试验中,处理温度对织物质量损失影响最大,最优方案为:处理温度50℃,酸性纤维素酶质量浓度1.2 g/L,pH值为6,处理时间30 min。

餐厨废物水热反应减重的关键影响因素及运行参数研究

运用水热炭化工艺,研究不同温度(170~270℃)、停留时间(0~100 min)、料液比(1∶1、1∶3、1∶9)对餐厨废物水热反应减重的影响,并对运行参数进行优化。结果表明:升高温度,餐厨废物的减重率也随之提高,且减重率均在91%以上;随着停留时间的延长,减重率在20~40和80~100 min时会有小幅度的增长,在0~100 min的停留时间内减重率从83.90%增至86.80%;料液比的增加会使减重率下降,料液比为1∶9、1∶3、1∶1时,对应的减重率分别为91.60%~91.87%、86.20%~87.00%、83.90%~88.10%。液相产物COD测定结果表明,反应温度和料液比是影响液相产物COD的主要因素,随着反应的进行,液相产物COD先是逐渐减小并趋于平稳,后略有增加。试验得到的水热炭高位热值为30.50~31.90 MJ/kg,高于国家标准煤热值29.30MJ/kg。

玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料热解特性研究

采用热重-差热分析仪研究玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在空气及氮气氛围下不同升温速率的热解特性规律。结果表明,在空气气氛下,热解分为两个阶段;氮气气氛下,热解只存在一个热分解阶段,与空气气氛相比热解初始分解温度较高,热解温度范围变窄,失重速率明显变大。在两种气氛下,玻璃纤维均不参与热解。随着升温速率的增加,热解反应各阶段的起始温度、终止温度、最大失重速率温度均向高温方向移动,热解温度范围大小都基本保持不变。氮气气氛下使用Kissinger法、FWO法和Starink法计算出玻璃纤维环氧树脂的平均表观活化能分别为106.42、123.09和119.48kJ/mol。复合材料活化能随转化率的增加而升高,表观活化能保持在一定数值范围内且数值相近,热解反应比较稳定,具有较低A值,表明其具有较强的热稳定性。

不同包装和贮藏条件对蛹虫草品质的影响

为了探索和研究蛹虫草保鲜的包装和贮藏条件,采用托盘保鲜膜包装、PE密封包装、PE真空包装、透气保鲜盒包装和黑色塑料袋包装处理新鲜蛹虫草子实体,分析不同贮藏条件下蛹虫草的品质变化及贮藏期。结果表明,蛹虫草在4℃条件下的贮藏效果优于室温;室温条件下透气保鲜盒和托盘保鲜膜效果良好,在4℃条件下PE密封包装效果最好。

氧体积分数对阻燃三元乙丙橡胶燃烧特性的影响

阻燃三元乙丙橡胶广泛用于公共建筑、交通工具等领域,火灾时其周围的氧体积分数会发生变化。为研究此类材料在真实火灾中的情况,以铺地用的阻燃三元乙丙橡胶为样品,采用火焰蔓延仪和热重/差热同步分析仪,在不同氧体积分数的氧氮混合气氛下进行试验,研究氧体积分数对燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,有氧气氛下,氧体积分数降低时,失重速率、放热量和活化能均降低,但反应模型不变。样品能够发生明火燃烧的氧体积分数范围为15%~18%。有明火燃烧时,氧体积分数降低时,火焰降低,刺激性黑烟量减少,残留物表面灰白色区域和裂纹减少,裂隙变浅;临界热辐射通量、等效对流换热系数和引燃温度升高,HRR曲线第一个峰值和火势蔓延速率降低;CO产率第二个峰值以及CO/CO_(2)值升高。在无明火燃烧时,样品释放出大量灰烟,残留物中部凸起,表面中部为灰黑色、有金属光泽的,底部有黄褐色黏稠液体,CO和CO_(2)产率远低于有焰燃烧。

杂质元素含量对Mg-Mn牺牲阳极电流效率的影响

本文通过SEM、EDS等分析方法,采用浸泡失重测试了不同杂质元素含量的Mg-Mn牺牲阳极材料的腐蚀速率及阳极效率。试验结果表明,杂质元素Fe、Si等元素与镁基体形成电偶腐蚀,加速了合金的腐蚀速率,从而降低了其阳极利用率,导致阳极效率低于50%,不符合镁阳极材料的要求。

模拟干熄炉气氛下的焦炭反应温度研究

以湘钢干熄焦炭为研究对象,通过模拟干熄炉循环气体CO浓度、气料比等工况条件,研究不同粒级混合焦样的起始反应温度和快速反应温度以及二者的温度差。结果表明,与纯CO_(2)气氛下的焦样起始反应温度(445℃)、快速反应温度(944℃)相比,当混合气体CO浓度由1.5%提高到7.5%时,焦样起始反应温度和快速反应温度分别提高了34℃、59℃、72℃、80℃和48℃、73℃、79℃、84℃,说明适当增大混合气体中CO浓度,可以抑制干熄炉内的焦炭溶损反应;当增大反应气体流量时,焦炭的起始反应温度由570℃逐步下降至517℃,快速反应温度由1058℃逐步下降至1023℃,表明干熄炉内单位时间气体流动速率加快,会增大焦炭与CO_(2)间的反应率,促进焦炭溶损反应。

The detailed corrosion performance of bioresorbable Mg-0.8Ca alloy in physiological solutions

The electrochemical behaviour of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-0.8Ca was evaluated in a mammalian cell culture medium(MEM)and Na Cl solutions(0.9 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%) using traditional(EIS, PDP, OCP) and local scanning electrochemical(SVET, SIET with p H-selective microelectrode) methods at the micro-and meso-level. Corrosion rates of samples in two different media were determined using weight loss tests. The influence of testing media components, alloy composition and microstructure on the material’s degradation process was determined.The SVET/SIET test parameters were optimized for in vitro investigation of the bioresorbable material surface. The mechanism of the alloy’s bioresorption was suggested. The effect of microsized phases on the corrosion behaviour of the alloy was proved using complementary in situ monitoring and SKPFM measurements. The rapid degradation rate of the alloy is related to the presence of local microgalvanic cells formed by cathodic α-magnesium matrix and anodic Mg_(2)Ca phase. The highest corrosion activity was revealed in the first 12 min of sample exposure to MEM, followed by stabilization of corrosion process due to the material’s passivation. Using SEM-EDX analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis the composition of the corrosion products was determined. Degradation in MEM proceeds with a formation of magnesium-and-carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite-containing film on the sample’s surface. The low possibility of application of Mg-0.8Ca alloy without coating protection in implant surgery was highlighted.

Corrosion Mechanism and Corrosion Model of Mg-Y Alloy in NaCl Solution

Corrosion of Mg–Y alloy was studied using electrochemical evaluations, immersion tests and SEM observations. Corrosion mechanisms of Mg-（0.25 and 2.5） Y alloy and Mg-（5, 8, and 15） Y alloy were uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion respectively, and the content of Mg_（24）Y_5 phases determined its effect acting as cathode to accelerate the corrosion or corrosion barrier to inhibit the corrosion. Corrosion resistance of Mg-（0.25, 2.5, 5, 8, and 15） Y alloys was as follows： Rt（Mg-0.25Y） 〈 Rt（Mg-8Y） 〈 Rt（Mg-15Y） 〈 Rt（Mg-5Y） 〈 Rt（Mg-2.5Y）. Y could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Y alloy, but the excess of Y deteriorated the corrosion resistance of the Mg-Y alloy. The optimum content of Y in the studied alloys was 2.5%.

Effect of Postharvest Treatments on Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Nepal produces large quantity of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) annually but faces big losses due to improper postharvest treatments. The experiment was carried out during 2012-2013 with the objective of assessing the effect of different postharvest treatments on quality and shelf life of mandarin. The postharvest treatments were: wax emulsion at 10%, bavistin at 0.1%, wax at 10% with bavistin at 0.1%, calcium chloride at 1%, Jeevatu at 5% along with untreated fruits as a control. The experiment was conducted for four weeks of storage at ambient condition in Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Kathmandu. Wax in combination with bavistin was found as the most effective in reducing the physiological loss in weight, whereas bavistin proved to reduce decay loss up to four weeks of storage. The fruits treated with wax alone and with combination of bavistin retained maximum firmness, juice percentage, vitamin C and palatability rating during the storage. The minimum total soluble solid and maximum titrable acidity were recorded in the fruits treated with wax plus bavistin. The present findings indicate that mandarin can be stored up to four weeks when treated with wax as well as wax with bavistin in the condition with 14°C - 18°C temperature and 45% - 73% relative humidity.

个体化护理对舌癌术后效果及口腔清洁度、肌皮瓣成活率的影响

目的探讨个体化护理干预措施对舌癌术后患者的效果及对口腔清洁度、肌皮瓣成活率的影响。方法选取厦门大学附属第一医院2020年10月—2022年6月进行舌癌手术治疗的患者86例,按照双盲法分为对照组(n=43)与观察组(n=43)。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施个性化护理干预。对比两组患者口腔清洁度、肌皮瓣成活率、吞咽功能恢复率、体质量损失率、护理满意度评分及住院时间。结果干预后,观察组患者口腔清洁度优良率及肌皮瓣成活率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者吞咽功能恢复率高于对照组,体质量损失率低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组患者护理满意度及发音标准评分均高于对照组,住院时间及住院费用均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组抑郁、强迫症状、躯体化、敌对、偏执、恐怖、人际关系敏感,焦虑,精神病性及其他各维度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对舌癌患者采取个体化护理干预措施可以提高口腔清洁度以及肌皮瓣成活率,促进患者吞咽功能恢复,减少体质量损失;同时提高护理满意度,缩短住院时间,促进患者恢复。

烧结烟气脱硫石膏含碳球团还原脱硫实验研究

基于含碳球团减重还原实验,研究了还原剂摩尔比、反应温度、气氛、添加剂对脱硫石膏还原脱硫的影响。还原实验结果表明,脱硫石膏含碳球团还原脱硫最适宜的工艺参数是n(C)/n(CaSO_(4))为0.5~0.6,反应温度1 150℃,H_(2)气氛,添加剂的作用不明显。综合实验结果表明,扩大实验量级不会降低含碳球团脱硫石膏的脱硫效果,由此可指导扩大试验。

加速腐朽环境下重组竹力学及耐腐性能研究

重组竹作为一种新型工程材料,有着良好的力学性能,为了对重组竹的耐腐性能展开定量评价,利用目测分析、失重率分析、力学性能分析以及扫描电镜分析等方法,进行重组竹耐腐性试验研究。结果表明:重组竹在褐腐菌与白腐菌84 d的作用下,仅表面有轻微腐朽,褐腐菌和白腐菌腐朽试件失重率相差不大,且均小于10%,表明重组竹属于Ⅰ级耐腐;褐腐菌试样的抗弯弹性模量M_(E)、抗弯强度M_(R)分别下降5.17%、8.17%,而抗压强度U基本不变,白腐菌试样的M_(E)、M_(R)、U下降幅度分别为10.56%、13%、0.45%,远小于木材;通过扫描电镜分析,相比毛竹在经历84 d腐朽后,其薄壁细胞中布满菌丝,细胞壁上出现大量孔洞,重组竹表面下2 mm以内的薄壁细胞中仅有少量菌丝,并且在84 d试验内均未造成细胞壁的破坏;竹材内部可以满足木腐菌生存的条件,但在疏解、炭化、浸胶、重组的过程中,吸水性能降低,限制了真菌生长的水分条件,阻碍了木腐菌侵入重组竹内部,另外酚醛树脂具有一定的抑菌性,使得重组竹成为耐腐性强的材料。

95℃热氧老化对玻璃钢管性能的影响

对油田注水玻璃纤维增强塑料管(GFRP)进行95℃热氧老化实验,研究其老化后的外观颜色、红外官能团变化和力学性能。结果表明,老化后酸酐固化GFRP外观颜色从白色变化为淡黄色,芳胺固化GFRP外观颜色从淡黄色变为深棕色;截面的扫描电子显微照片(SEM)可观察到孔洞缺陷;两种材料的失重率都随老化时间延长而增加;C—OH键被氧化成C O键,苯环之间的甲基或亚甲基中的C—H键被氧化,Si—OH键消失代表游离的羧酸与Si—OH之间发生成键反应生成Si—O—Si键;SG材料的环向拉伸强度从256.10 MPa减小到241.47 MPa,FA材料的环向拉伸强度从206.8 MPa减小到174.99 MPa。

基于多种动力学模型的焦炭溶损反应机理解析

焦炭在高炉内与CO_(2)发生溶损反应而导致其劣化,对焦炭溶损反应机理的动力学解析可为焦炭热性质评价及高炉顺行提供理论依据。在1100~1300℃范围内对2种不同反应性焦炭(Coke 1、Coke 2)进行等温、等溶损率的溶损反应实验,利用3种不同动力学模型(VM模型、GM模型、RPM模型)对其溶损反应机理进行动力学解析,得到2种焦炭在各个温度下的反应速率常数及其发生溶损反应的活化能。根据失重率计算值与实验值的平均偏差对比可知,Coke 1、Coke 2在同一温度下采用3种动力学模型的反应速率常数由高到低的排序为VM模型、GM模型、RPM模型,确定RPM模型为可靠性最高的动力学模型,Coke 1、Coke 2的溶损反应活化能分别为85.91、90.04 kJ/mol,由此为焦炭在高炉内的溶损反应动力学机理研究提供理论基础和支撑。

栀子对不同性别大鼠食欲及体质量的影响

目的:研究栀子对不同性别大鼠食欲及体质量的影响,分析栀子发挥减肥作用的有效剂量。方法:将60只SD大鼠(雌雄各半,雌雄分开喂养)随机分为对照组(等体积生理盐水)、栀子低剂量组(0.75 g/kg)、栀子等效剂量组(0.95 g/kg)、栀子中剂量组(1.50 g/kg)和栀子高剂量组(3.00 g/kg),灌胃给药4周。每周测定给药后5 h、10 h内各组大鼠饮食量,计算各组饮食抑制率和体质量增长率。结果:与同组雄性大鼠比较,除栀子高剂量组第2周外,第1周、第3周、第4周灌胃5 h后,各剂量组雌性大鼠的饮食抑制率均升高(P<0.05);除栀子高剂量组第4周外,第1周、第2周、第3周灌胃10 h后,各剂量组雌性大鼠的饮食抑制率均升高(P<0.05),且栀子等效剂量组升高最明显(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,第1至10天栀子中剂量组、栀子高剂量组雌性大鼠体质量增长率显著降低(P<0.01)。总体来看,与对照组比较,栀子等效剂量组雌性大鼠体质量增长率降低(P<0.05),栀子中剂量组、栀子高剂量组体质量增长率显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,第1至10天、第11至20天、第21至28天栀子高剂量组雄性大鼠体质量增长率均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:栀子对雌性大鼠的食欲抑制和减肥作用明显优于雄性大鼠,且栀子等效剂量即可对雌性大鼠发挥减肥作用。